.NET nanoFramework SX127X LoRa library Registers

Over the years I have ported my HopeRF RFM9X(Now a generic Semtech SX127X ) Windows 10 IoT Core (May 2018) library to .NET microFramework(May 2018), Wilderness Labs Meadow(Jan 2020), GHI Electronics TinyCLR-OS(July 2020), .NET nanoFramework V1(May 2020) and .NET Core(Aug 2021).

All this madness started because I wasn’t confident the frequency calculation of the Emmellsoft Dragino.Lora code was correct. Over the last couple of years I have also found bugs in my Transmit Power, InvertIQ RX/TX with many others yet to be discovered.

For my updated .NET nanoFramework port I have mainly used a half a dozen Dragino LoRa shields for Arduino and Netduino 3 Wifi devices I had lying around. I have also tested the code with SparkFun LoRa Gateway-1-Channel (ESP32) and ST 32F769IDiscovery devices.

STM32F769IDiscovery, Netduino 3 Wifi, and SparkFun LoRa Gateway-1-Channel (ESP32) devices

The Dragino shield uses D10 for chip select, D2 for RFM9X DI0 interrupt and D9 for Reset.

Dragino Arduino LoRa Shield Schematic

Netduino 3 Wifi pin mapping

  • D10->CS->PB10
  • D9->RST->E5

ST 32F769IDiscovery pin mapping

D10->CS->PA11
D9->RST->PH6

Sparkfun ESP32 1 Channel Gateway Schematic

SparkFun LoRa Gateway-1-Channel (ESP32) pin mapping(SX127X reset is not connected)

  • CS->PB10

The first step was to confirm I could read a single(ShieldSPI) then scan all the Semtech SX1276 registers with the new nanoFramework System.Device.SPI Nuget (which was”inspired by” .Net Core System.Device.SPI)

namespace devMobile.IoT.SX127x.ShieldSPI
{
   using System;
   using System.Diagnostics;
   using System.Threading;

   using System.Device.Gpio;
   using System.Device.Spi;

#if ESP32_WROOM_32_LORA_1_CHANNEL
   using nanoFramework.Hardware.Esp32;
#endif

   public class Program
   {
      private const byte RegVersion = 0x42;
#if ESP32_WROOM_32_LORA_1_CHANNEL
      private const int SpiBusId = 1;
#endif
#if NETDUINO3_WIFI
      private const int SpiBusId = 2;
#endif
#if ST_STM32F769I_DISCOVERY
      private const int SpiBusId = 2;
#endif

      public static void Main()
      {
         GpioController gpioController = new GpioController();

#if ESP32_WROOM_32_LORA_1_CHANNEL // No reset line for this device as it isn't connected on SX127X
         int ledPinNumber = Gpio.IO17;
         int chipSelectLine = Gpio.IO16;
#endif
#if NETDUINO3_WIFI
         int ledPinNumber = PinNumber('A', 10);
         // Arduino D10->PB10
         int chipSelectLine = PinNumber('B', 10);
         // Arduino D9->PE5
         int resetPinNumber = PinNumber('E', 5);
#endif
#if ST_STM32F769I_DISCOVERY
         int ledPinNumber  = PinNumber('J', 5);
         // Arduino D10->PA11
         int chipSelectLine = PinNumber('A', 11);
         // Arduino D9->PH6
         int resetPinNumber = PinNumber('H', 6);
#endif
         Debug.WriteLine("devMobile.IoT.SX127x.ShieldSPI starting");

         try
         {
#if ESP32_WROOM_32_LORA_1_CHANNEL || NETDUINO3_WIFI || ST_STM32F769I_DISCOVERY
            // Setup the onboard LED
            gpioController.OpenPin(ledPinNumber, PinMode.Output);
#endif

#if NETDUINO3_WIFI || ST_STM32F769I_DISCOVERY
            // Setup the reset pin
            gpioController.OpenPin(resetPinNumber, PinMode.Output);
            gpioController.Write(resetPinNumber, PinValue.High);
#endif

#if ESP32_WROOM_32_LORA_1_CHANNEL
            Configuration.SetPinFunction(Gpio.IO12, DeviceFunction.SPI1_MISO);
            Configuration.SetPinFunction(Gpio.IO13, DeviceFunction.SPI1_MOSI);
            Configuration.SetPinFunction(Gpio.IO14, DeviceFunction.SPI1_CLOCK);
#endif

            var settings = new SpiConnectionSettings(SpiBusId, chipSelectLine)
            {
               ClockFrequency = 1000000,
               Mode = SpiMode.Mode0,// From SemTech docs pg 80 CPOL=0, CPHA=0
               SharingMode = SpiSharingMode.Shared,
            };

            using (SpiDevice device = SpiDevice.Create(settings))
            {
               Thread.Sleep(500);

               while (true)
               {
                  byte[] writeBuffer = new byte[] { RegVersion, 0x0 };
                  byte[] readBuffer = new byte[writeBuffer.Length];

                  device.TransferFullDuplex(writeBuffer, readBuffer);

                  Debug.WriteLine(String.Format("Register 0x{0:x2} - Value 0X{1:x2}", RegVersion, readBuffer[1]));

#if ESP32_WROOM_32_LORA_1_CHANNEL || NETDUINO3_WIFI || ST_STM32F769I_DISCOVERY
                  if ( gpioController.Read(ledPinNumber) == PinValue.High)
						{
                     gpioController.Write(ledPinNumber, PinValue.Low);
                  }
                  else
						{
                     gpioController.Write(ledPinNumber, PinValue.High);
                  }
#endif
                  Thread.Sleep(10000);
               }
            }
         }
         catch (Exception ex)
         {
            Debug.WriteLine(ex.Message);
         }
      }

#if NETDUINO3_WIFI || ST_STM32F769I_DISCOVERY
      static int PinNumber(char port, byte pin)
      {
         if (port < 'A' || port > 'J')
            throw new ArgumentException();

         return ((port - 'A') * 16) + pin;
      }
#endif
   }
}
Shield SPI Debug output
namespace devMobile.IoT.SX127x.RegisterScan
{
   using System;
   using System.Diagnostics;
   using System.Threading;

   using System.Device.Gpio;
   using System.Device.Spi;

#if ESP32_WROOM_32_LORA_1_CHANNEL
   using nanoFramework.Hardware.Esp32;
#endif

   public sealed class SX127XDevice
   {
      private readonly SpiDevice SX127XTransceiver;

      public SX127XDevice(int busId, int chipSelectLine)
      {

         var settings = new SpiConnectionSettings(busId, chipSelectLine)
         {
            ClockFrequency = 1000000,
            Mode = SpiMode.Mode0,// From SemTech docs pg 80 CPOL=0, CPHA=0
            SharingMode = SpiSharingMode.Shared
         };

         SX127XTransceiver = new SpiDevice(settings);
      }

      public SX127XDevice(int busId, int chipSelectLine, int resetPin)
      {
         var settings = new SpiConnectionSettings(busId, chipSelectLine)
         {
            ClockFrequency = 1000000,
            Mode = SpiMode.Mode0,// From SemTech docs pg 80 CPOL=0, CPHA=0
            SharingMode = SpiSharingMode.Shared
         };

         SX127XTransceiver = new SpiDevice(settings);

         // Factory reset pin configuration
         GpioController gpioController = new GpioController();
         gpioController.OpenPin(resetPin, PinMode.Output);

         gpioController.Write(resetPin, PinValue.Low);
         Thread.Sleep(20);
         gpioController.Write(resetPin, PinValue.High);
         Thread.Sleep(20);
      }

      public Byte RegisterReadByte(byte registerAddress)
      {
         byte[] writeBuffer = new byte[] { registerAddress, 0x0 };
         byte[] readBuffer = new byte[writeBuffer.Length];

         SX127XTransceiver.TransferFullDuplex(writeBuffer, readBuffer);

         return readBuffer[1];
      }
   }

   public class Program
   {
#if ESP32_WROOM_32_LORA_1_CHANNEL
      private const int SpiBusId = 1;
#endif
#if NETDUINO3_WIFI
      private const int SpiBusId = 2;
#endif
#if ST_STM32F769I_DISCOVERY
      private const int SpiBusId = 2;
#endif

      public static void Main()
      {
#if ESP32_WROOM_32_LORA_1_CHANNEL
         int chipSelectLine = Gpio.IO16;
#endif
#if NETDUINO3_WIFI
         // Arduino D10->PB10
         int chipSelectLine = PinNumber('B', 10);
         // Arduino D9->PE5
         int resetPinNumber = PinNumber('E', 5);
#endif
#if ST_STM32F769I_DISCOVERY
         // Arduino D10->PA11
         int chipSelectLine = PinNumber('A', 11);
         // Arduino D9->PH6
         int resetPinNumber = PinNumber('H', 6);
#endif

         Debug.WriteLine("devMobile.IoT.SX127x.RegisterScan starting");

         try
         {
#if NETDUINO3_WIFI || ST_STM32F769I_DISCOVERY
            SX127XDevice sx127XDevice = new SX127XDevice(SpiBusId, chipSelectLine, resetPinNumber);
#endif

#if ESP32_WROOM_32_LORA_1_CHANNEL
            Configuration.SetPinFunction(Gpio.IO12, DeviceFunction.SPI1_MISO);
            Configuration.SetPinFunction(Gpio.IO13, DeviceFunction.SPI1_MOSI);
            Configuration.SetPinFunction(Gpio.IO14, DeviceFunction.SPI1_CLOCK);

            SX127XDevice sx127XDevice = new SX127XDevice(SpiBusId, chipSelectLine);
#endif

            Thread.Sleep(500);

            while (true)
            {
               for (byte registerIndex = 0; registerIndex <= 0x42; registerIndex++)
               {
                  byte registerValue = sx127XDevice.RegisterReadByte(registerIndex);

                  Debug.WriteLine($"Register 0x{registerIndex:x2} - Value 0X{registerValue:x2}");
               }
               Debug.WriteLine("");

               Thread.Sleep(10000);
            }
         }
         catch (Exception ex)
         {
            Debug.WriteLine(ex.Message);
         }
      }

#if NETDUINO3_WIFI || ST_STM32F769I_DISCOVERY
      static int PinNumber(char port, byte pin)
      {
         if (port < 'A' || port > 'J')
            throw new ArgumentException();

         return ((port - 'A') * 16) + pin;
      }
#endif
   }
}
RegisterScan Debug Output

There is some SparkFun LoRa Gateway-1-Channel (ESP32) specific configuration to map the Serial Peripheral Interface(SPI) pins and an additional NuGet for ESP32 has to be added. For the initial versions I have not used more advanced .NET nanoFramework functionality like SpanByte.

.NET nanoFramework ValueChanged

If you have landed at this post you were most probably searching for issues updating .NET nanoFramework code that used ValueChanged to handle interrupts. Back in mid 2020 the initial version of my Semtech SX127X(HopeRF RFM9X) library used the Windows.Devices.Gpio Nuget package.

public Rfm9XDevice(string spiPort, int chipSelectPin, int resetPin, int interruptPin)
{
    //...
   
   // Interrupt pin for RX message & TX done notification 
   InterruptGpioPin = gpioController.OpenPin(interruptPin);
   InterruptGpioPin.SetDriveMode(GpioPinDriveMode.Input);

   InterruptGpioPin.ValueChanged += InterruptGpioPin_ValueChanged;
}

private void InterruptGpioPin_ValueChanged(object sender, GpioPinValueChangedEventArgs e)
{
   if (e.Edge != GpioPinEdge.RisingEdge)
   {
      return;
   }

   byte irqFlags = this.RegisterReadByte(0x12); // RegIrqFlags
   //...
}

Then in March 2022 I updated the CoreLibrary, Runtime.Events, System.Devices.GPIO, System.Devices.SPI NuGets.

I then fixed all the breaking changes (For the initial versions I have not updated the code to use SpanByte etc.).

public Rfm9XDevice(int spiBusId, int chipSelectPin, int resetPin, int interruptPin)
{
   //...

   // Interrupt pin for RX message & TX done notification 
   InterruptGpioPin = gpioController.OpenPin(interruptPin);
   InterruptGpioPin.SetPinMode(PinMode.Input);

   InterruptGpioPin.ValueChanged += InterruptGpioPin_ValueChanged;
}

private void InterruptGpioPin_ValueChanged(object sender, PinValueChangedEventArgs e)
{
   if (e.ChangeType != PinEventTypes.Rising)
   {
      return;
   }

   byte irqFlags = this.RegisterReadByte(0x12); // RegIrqFlags
   //...
}

While “soak testing” the ReceiveInterrupt application I noticed that sometimes when I started the application interrupts were not processed or processing stopped after a while.

Visual Studio Debugger output showing intermittent calling of InterruptGpioPin_ValueChanged

I then found the RangeTester application wouldn’t start or run reliably. My original code was based on the Widnows.Devices.GPIO sample so I updated it based on the System.Device.GPIO sample.

public Rfm9XDevice(int spiBusId, int chipSelectPin, int resetPin, int interruptPin)
{
   //...

   // Interrupt pin for RX message & TX done notification 
   gpioController.OpenPin(interruptPin,PinMode.InputPullDown);

   gpioController.RegisterCallbackForPinValueChangedEvent(interruptPin, PinEventTypes.Rising, InterruptGpioPin_ValueChanged);
}

private void InterruptGpioPin_ValueChanged(object sender, PinValueChangedEventArgs e)
{
   byte irqFlags = this.RegisterReadByte(0x12); // RegIrqFlags
   //...
}
Visual Studio Debugger output showing reliable calling of InterruptGpioPin_ValueChanged

If your Windows.Devices.GPIO based project is not reliably handling interrupts after upgrading to System.Device.GPIO and fixing any “breaking changes” the implementation most probably need to be updated to use RegisterCallbackForPinValueChangedEvent as well.

Seeed LoRa-E5 LowPower problem fix

I had been soak testing Seeed LoRa-E5 equipped TinyCLR and netNF devices for the last couple of weeks and after approximately two days they would stop sending data.

After a pointer to the LowPower section of the Seeed LoRa-E5 manual I realised my code could send the next command within 5ms.

Seeeduino LoRa-E5 AT Command document

I added a 5msec Sleep after the wakeup command had been sent

public Result Wakeup()
{
   // Wakeup the E5 Module
#if DIAGNOSTICS
   Debug.WriteLine($" {DateTime.UtcNow:hh:mm:ss} AT+LOWPOWER: WAKEUP");
#endif
   Result result = SendCommand("+LOWPOWER: WAKEUP", $"A", CommandTimeoutDefault);
   if (result != Result.Success)
   {
#if DIAGNOSTICS
      Debug.WriteLine($" {DateTime.UtcNow:hh:mm:ss} AT+LOWPOWER: WAKEUP failed {result}");
#endif
      return result;
   }

   // Thanks AndrewL for pointing out delay required in section 4.30 LOWPOWER
   Thread.Sleep(5);

   return Result.Success;
}

The updated code is has been reliably running on TinyCLR and netNF devices connected to The Things Industries for the last 4 days.

Seeed LoRa-E5 Wakeup

Over the last week I have been working on GHI Electronics TinyCLR-0SV2RC1 and nanoFramework and C# libraries for the LoRa-E5 module from Seeedstudio.

The initial test rigs were based on an Arduino Uno R3 format socket for a Grove Base Shield V2.0 which I then connected to my LoRa-E5 Development Kit with a Grove – Universal 4 Pin 20cm Unbuckled Cable(TX/RX reversed)

Fezduino device with Seeedstudio Grove base shield and LoRa-E5 development Kit

While testing I noticed that every so often that when I restarted the test application application, rebooted or power cycled the nanoFramework or Fezduino device the Seeed LoRa-E5 wouldn’t connect.

After some trial and error manually entering commands in Terraterm I found that if the LoRa-E5 had been put to sleep (AT+LOWPOWER) the response to the first command (usually setting the region with AT+DR=AS923) would be unexpected. The problem was more obvious when I used devices that were configured for “soak testing” because the gap between messages was much longer (5min vs. 30 seconds)

AT+VER
+VER: 4.0.11

AT+UART=TIMEOUT, 30000 
+UART: TIMEOUT, 30000

AT+LOWPOWER
+LOWPOWER: SLEEP

AT+DR=AS923
AT+LOWPOWER: WAKEUP

AT+DR=AS923
+DR: AS923

AT+JOIN FORCE
+JOIN: Start
+JOIN: FORCE
+JOIN: Network joined
+JOIN: NetID 000013 DevAddr 26:08:46:70
+JOIN: Done

AT+CMSGHEX="00 01 02 03 04"
+CMSGHEX: Start
+CMSGHEX: Wait ACK
+CMSGHEX: FPENDING
+CMSGHEX: ACK Received
+CMSGHEX: RXWIN1, RSSI -29, SNR 9.0
+CMSGHEX: Done

After trying several different approaches which weren’t very robust I settled on sending a wakeup command (AT+LOWPOWER: WAKEUP with an expected response of +LOWPOWER: WAKEUP) and ignoring the result.

public Result Initialise(string serialPortId, int baudRate, UartParity serialParity, int dataBits, UartStopBitCount stopBitCount)
{
    if ((serialPortId == null) || (serialPortId == ""))
    {
       throw new ArgumentException("Invalid SerialPortId", "serialPortId");
    }
    if ((baudRate < BaudRateMinimum) || (baudRate > BaudRateMaximum))
    {
       throw new ArgumentException("Invalid BaudRate", "baudRate");
    }

   serialDevice = UartController.FromName(serialPortId);

   // set parameters
   serialDevice.SetActiveSettings(new UartSetting()
   {
      BaudRate = baudRate,
      Parity = serialParity,
      StopBits = stopBitCount,
      Handshaking = UartHandshake.None,
      DataBits = dataBits
   });

   serialDevice.Enable();

   atCommandExpectedResponse = string.Empty;

   serialDevice.DataReceived += SerialDevice_DataReceived;

   // Ignoring the return from this is intentional
   this.SendCommand("+LOWPOWER: WAKEUP", "AT+LOWPOWER: WAKEUP", SendTimeoutMinimum);

   return Result.Success;
}

This modification has been applied to both libraries. I will also check that the RAK811 nanoFramework and TinyCLR libraries don’t have the same issue.

nanoFramework Seeed LoRa-E5 LoRaWAN library Part1

Basic connectivity

Over the weekend I have been working on a nanoFramework C# library for my LoRa-E5 Development Kit from Seeedstudio. My initial test rig is based on an STM32F691DISCOVERY board which has an Arduino Uno R3 format socket for a Grove Base Shield V2.0, which I then connected to my LoRa-E5 Development Kit with a Grove – Universal 4 Pin 20cm Unbuckled Cable(TX/RX reversed)

STM32F769I test rig with Seeedstudio Grove Base shield V2 and LoRa-E5 Development Kit

The code has compile time options for synchronous and asynchronous operation.

public class Program
{
   private const string SerialPortId = "COM6";

   public static void Main()
   {
      SerialDevice serialDevice;

      Debug.WriteLine("devMobile.IoT.SeeedLoRaE5.ShieldSerial starting");

      Debug.WriteLine(Windows.Devices.SerialCommunication.SerialDevice.GetDeviceSelector());

      try
      {
         serialDevice = SerialDevice.FromId(SerialPortId);

         // set parameters
         serialDevice.BaudRate = 9600;
         serialDevice.Parity = SerialParity.None;
         serialDevice.StopBits = SerialStopBitCount.One;
         serialDevice.Handshake = SerialHandshake.None;
         serialDevice.DataBits = 8;

         serialDevice.ReadTimeout = new TimeSpan(0, 0, 30);
         serialDevice.WriteTimeout = new TimeSpan(0, 0, 4);

         DataWriter outputDataWriter = new DataWriter(serialDevice.OutputStream);

#if SERIAL_SYNC_READ
         DataReader inputDataReader = new DataReader(serialDevice.InputStream);
#else
         serialDevice.DataReceived += SerialDevice_DataReceived;
#endif

         // set a watch char to be notified when it's available in the input stream
         // This doesn't appear to work with synchronous calls
         serialDevice.WatchChar = '\n';

         while (true)
         {
            uint bytesWritten = outputDataWriter.WriteString("AT+VER\r\n");
            Debug.WriteLine($"TX: {outputDataWriter.UnstoredBufferLength} bytes to output stream.");

            // calling the 'Store' method on the data writer actually sends the data
            uint txByteCount = outputDataWriter.Store();
            Debug.WriteLine($"TX: {txByteCount} bytes via {serialDevice.PortName}");

#if SERIAL_SYNC_READ
            uint bytesRead = inputDataReader.Load(50);

            Debug.WriteLine($"RXs :{bytesRead} bytes read from {serialDevice.PortName}");

            if (bytesRead > 0)
            {
               String response = inputDataReader.ReadString(bytesRead);
               Debug.WriteLine($"RX sync:{response}");
            }
#endif

            Thread.Sleep(20000);
         }
      }
      catch (Exception ex)
      {
         Debug.WriteLine(ex.Message);
      }
   }

   private static void SerialDevice_DataReceived(object sender, SerialDataReceivedEventArgs e)
   {
      switch (e.EventType)
      {
         case SerialData.Chars:
            //Debug.WriteLine("RX SerialData.Chars");
            break;

         case SerialData.WatchChar:
             Debug.WriteLine("RX: SerialData.WatchChar");
             SerialDevice serialDevice = (SerialDevice)sender;

            using (DataReader inputDataReader = new DataReader(serialDevice.InputStream))
            {
               inputDataReader.InputStreamOptions = InputStreamOptions.Partial;

               // read all available bytes from the Serial Device input stream
               uint bytesRead = inputDataReader.Load(serialDevice.BytesToRead);

               Debug.WriteLine($"RXa: {bytesRead} bytes read from {serialDevice.PortName}");

               if (bytesRead > 0)
               {
                  String response = inputDataReader.ReadString(bytesRead);
                  Debug.WriteLine($"RX:{response}");
               }
            }
            break;
         default:
            Debug.Assert(false, $"e.EventType {e.EventType} unknown");
            break;
      }
   }
}

I have reused a significant amount of code built for my nanoFramework RAK811 LoRaWAN library Part1 post.

The thread '<No Name>' (0x2) has exited with code 0 (0x0).
devMobile.IoT.SeeedLoRaE5.ShieldSerial starting
Ports available: COM5,COM6
TX: 8 bytes to output stream.
TX: 8 bytes via COM6
TX: 8 bytes to output stream.
TX: 8 bytes via COM6
RX: SerialData.WatchChar
RXa: 28 bytes read from COM6
RX:+VER: 4.0.11
+VER: 4.0.11

TX: 8 bytes to output stream.
TX: 8 bytes via COM6
RX: SerialData.WatchChar
RXa: 14 bytes read from COM6
RX:+VER: 4.0.11

TX: 8 bytes to output stream.
TX: 8 bytes via COM6
RX: SerialData.WatchChar
RXa: 14 bytes read from COM6
RX:+VER: 4.0.11

TX: 8 bytes to output stream.
TX: 8 bytes via COM6
RX: SerialData.WatchChar
RXa: 14 bytes read from COM6
RX:+VER: 4.0.11

The test rig confirmed that I had the right configuration for the hardware (TX-RX twist) and LoRa-E5 connection (serial port, baud rate, parity etc.)

nanoFramework nRF24L01 library Part2

After sorting out Serial Peripheral Interface(SPI) connectivity the next step porting my GHI Electronics TinyCLR V2 library to the nanoFramework was rewriting the initialisation code. Overall changes were minimal as the nanoFramework similar methods to the TinyCLR V2 ones.

The Tiny CLR SPI and interrupt port configuration (note the slightly different interrupt port configuration)

if (gpio == null)
{
   Debug.WriteLine("GPIO Initialization failed.");
}
else
{
   _cePin = gpio.OpenPin(chipEnablePin);
   _cePin.SetDriveMode(GpioPinDriveMode.Output);
   _cePin.Write(GpioPinValue.Low);

   _irqPin = gpio.OpenPin((byte)interruptPin);
   _irqPin.SetDriveMode(GpioPinDriveMode.InputPullUp);
   _irqPin.Write(GpioPinValue.High);
   _irqPin.ValueChanged += _irqPin_ValueChanged;
}

try
{
   var settings = new SpiConnectionSettings()
   {
      ChipSelectType = SpiChipSelectType.Gpio,
      ChipSelectLine = gpio.OpenPin(chipSelectPin),
      Mode = SpiMode.Mode0,
      ClockFrequency = clockFrequency,
      ChipSelectActiveState = false,
   };

   SpiController controller = SpiController.FromName(spiPortName);
   _spiPort = controller.GetDevice(settings);
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
   Debug.WriteLine("SPI Initialization failed. Exception: " + ex.Message);
   return;
}

The nanoFramework SPI and interrupt port configuration (note the slightly different SPI port configuration)

public void Initialize(string spiPortName, int chipEnablePin, int chipSelectPin, int interruptPin, int clockFrequency = 2000000)
{
   var gpio = GpioController.GetDefault();

   if (gpio == null)
   {
      Debug.WriteLine("GPIO Initialization failed.");
   }
   else
   {
      _cePin = gpio.OpenPin(chipEnablePin);
      _cePin.SetDriveMode(GpioPinDriveMode.Output);
      _cePin.Write(GpioPinValue.Low);

      _irqPin = gpio.OpenPin((byte)interruptPin);
      _irqPin.SetDriveMode(GpioPinDriveMode.InputPullUp);
      _irqPin.ValueChanged += irqPin_ValueChanged;
   }

   try
   {
      var settings = new SpiConnectionSettings(chipSelectPin)
      {
         ClockFrequency = clockFrequency,
         Mode = SpiMode.Mode0,
         SharingMode = SpiSharingMode.Shared,
      };

      _spiPort = SpiDevice.FromId(spiPortName, settings);
   }
   catch (Exception ex)
   {
      Debug.WriteLine("SPI Initialization failed. Exception: " + ex.Message);
   return;
   }

The error handling of the initialise method is broken. If the some of the GPIO or SPI port configuration fails a message is displayed in the Debug output but the caller is not notified.

I’m using a Netduino 3 Wifi as the SPI port configuration means I can use a standard Arduino shield to connect up the NRF24L01 wireless module without any jumpers

Netduino 3 Wifi and embedded coolness shield

I have applied the PowerLevel fix from the TinyCLR and Meadow libraries but worry that there maybe other issues.

The thread '<No Name>' (0x2) has exited with code 0 (0x0).
Address: Dev01
PowerLevel: 2
IsAutoAcknowledge: True
Channel: 15
DataRate: 2
IsDynamicAcknowledge: False
IsDynamicPayload: True
IsEnabled: False
Frequency: 2415
IsInitialized: True
IsPowered: True
00:00:15-TX 9 byte message hello 255
Data Sent!
00:00:15-TX Succeeded!

Based on my experiences porting the library to three similar platforms and debugging it on two others I’m considering writing my own compile-time platform portable library.

nanoFramework nRF24L01 library Part1

After porting then debugging Windows 10 IoT Core, .NetMF, Wilderness Labs Meadow and GHI Electronics TinyCLR nRF24L01P libraries I figured yet another port, this time to a nanoFramework powered devices should be low risk.

My initial test rig uses a Netduino 3 Wifi and an Embedded Coolness nRF24 shield as I didn’t need to use jumper wires.

//---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Copyright (c) July 2020, devMobile Software
//
// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
// You may obtain a copy of the License at
//
//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
//
// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
// limitations under the License.
//
//---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#define NETDUINO3_WIFI   // nanoff --target NETDUINO3_WIFI --update

namespace devMobile.IoT.nRf24L01.ModuleSPI
{
   using System;
   using System.Threading;
   using System.Diagnostics;
   using System.Text;
   using Windows.Devices.Gpio;
   using Windows.Devices.Spi;

   public class Program
   {
      const byte SETUP_AW = 0x03;
      const byte RF_CH = 0x05;
      const byte RX_ADDR_P0 = 0x0A;
      const byte R_REGISTER = 0b00000000;
      const byte W_REGISTER = 0b00100000;
      const string P0_Address = "ZYXWV";

#if NETDUINO3_WIFI
      private const string SpiBusId = "SPI2";
#endif

      public static void Main()
      {
#if NETDUINO3_WIFI
         // Arduino D7->PD7
         int chipSelectPinNumber = PinNumber('A', 1);
#endif
         Debug.WriteLine("devMobile.IoT.nRf24L01.ModuleSPI starting");

         Debug.WriteLine(Windows.Devices.Spi.SpiDevice.GetDeviceSelector());

         try
         {
            GpioController gpioController = GpioController.GetDefault();

            var settings = new SpiConnectionSettings(chipSelectPinNumber)
            {
               ClockFrequency = 2000000,
               Mode = SpiMode.Mode0,
               SharingMode = SpiSharingMode.Shared,
            };

            using (SpiDevice device = SpiDevice.FromId(SpiBusId, settings))
            {
               Debug.WriteLine("nrf24L01Device Device...");
               if (device == null)
               {
                  Debug.WriteLine("nrf24L01Device == null");
               }

               Thread.Sleep(100);

               Debug.WriteLine("ConfigureSpiPort Done...");
               Debug.WriteLine("");

               Thread.Sleep(500);
               try
               {
                  // Read the Address width
                  Debug.WriteLine("Read address width");
                  byte[] txBuffer1 = new byte[] { SETUP_AW | R_REGISTER, 0x0 };
                  byte[] rxBuffer1 = new byte[txBuffer1.Length];

                  Debug.WriteLine(" nrf24L01Device.TransferFullDuplex...SETUP_AW");
                  Debug.WriteLine(" txBuffer:" + BitConverter.ToString(txBuffer1));
                  device.TransferFullDuplex(txBuffer1, rxBuffer1);
                  Debug.WriteLine(" rxBuffer:" + BitConverter.ToString(rxBuffer1));

                  // Extract then adjust the address width
                  byte addressWidthValue = rxBuffer1[1];
                  addressWidthValue &= 0b00000011;
                  addressWidthValue += 2;
                  Debug.WriteLine($"Address width 0x{SETUP_AW:x2} - Value 0X{rxBuffer1[1]:x2} Value adjusted {addressWidthValue}");
                  Debug.WriteLine("");

                  // Write Pipe0 Receive address
                  Debug.WriteLine($"Write Pipe0 Receive Address {P0_Address}");
                  byte[] txBuffer2 = new byte[addressWidthValue + 1];
                  byte[] rxBuffer2 = new byte[txBuffer2.Length];
                  txBuffer2[0] = RX_ADDR_P0 | W_REGISTER;
                  Array.Copy(Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(P0_Address), 0, txBuffer2, 1, addressWidthValue);

                  Debug.WriteLine(" nrf24L01Device.Write...RX_ADDR_P0");
                  Debug.WriteLine(" txBuffer:" + BitConverter.ToString(txBuffer2));
                  device.TransferFullDuplex(txBuffer2, rxBuffer2);
                  Debug.WriteLine("");

                  // Read Pipe0 Receive address
                  Debug.WriteLine("Read Pipe0 Receive address");
                  byte[] txBuffer3 = new byte[addressWidthValue + 1];
                  txBuffer3[0] = RX_ADDR_P0 | R_REGISTER;
                  byte[] rxBuffer3 = new byte[txBuffer3.Length];

                  Debug.WriteLine(" nrf24L01Device.TransferFullDuplex...RX_ADDR_P0");
                  Debug.WriteLine(" txBuffer:" + BitConverter.ToString(txBuffer3));
                  device.TransferFullDuplex(txBuffer3, rxBuffer3);
                  Debug.WriteLine(" rxBuffer:" + BitConverter.ToString(rxBuffer3));
                  Debug.WriteLine($"Address 0x{RX_ADDR_P0:x2} Address {UTF8Encoding.UTF8.GetString(rxBuffer3, 1, addressWidthValue)}");
                  Debug.WriteLine("");

                  // Read the RF Channel
                  Debug.WriteLine("RF Channel read 1");
                  byte[] txBuffer4 = new byte[] { RF_CH | R_REGISTER, 0x0 };
                  byte[] rxBuffer4 = new byte[txBuffer4.Length];

                  Debug.WriteLine(" nrf24L01Device.TransferFullDuplex...RF_CH");
                  Debug.WriteLine(" txBuffer:" + BitConverter.ToString(txBuffer4));
                  device.TransferFullDuplex(txBuffer4, rxBuffer4);
                  Debug.WriteLine(" rxBuffer:" + BitConverter.ToString(rxBuffer4));

                  byte rfChannel1 = rxBuffer4[1];
                  Debug.WriteLine($"RF Channel 1 0x{RF_CH:x2} - Value 0X{rxBuffer4[1]:x2} - Value adjusted {rfChannel1+2400}");
                  Debug.WriteLine("");

                  // Write the RF Channel
                  Debug.WriteLine("RF Channel write");
                  byte[] txBuffer5 = new byte[] { RF_CH | W_REGISTER, rfChannel1+=1};
                  byte[] rxBuffer5 = new byte[txBuffer5.Length];

                  Debug.WriteLine(" nrf24L01Device.Write...RF_CH");
                  Debug.WriteLine(" txBuffer:" + BitConverter.ToString(txBuffer5));
                  //device.Write(txBuffer5);
                  device.TransferFullDuplex(txBuffer5, rxBuffer5);
                  Debug.WriteLine("");

                  // Read the RF Channel
                  Debug.WriteLine("RF Channel read 2");
                  byte[] txBuffer6 = new byte[] { RF_CH | R_REGISTER, 0x0 };
                  byte[] rxBuffer6 = new byte[txBuffer6.Length];

                  Debug.WriteLine(" nrf24L01Device.TransferFullDuplex...RF_CH");
                  Debug.WriteLine(" txBuffer:" + BitConverter.ToString(txBuffer6));
                  device.TransferFullDuplex(txBuffer6, rxBuffer6);
                  Debug.WriteLine(" rxBuffer:" + BitConverter.ToString(rxBuffer6));

                  byte rfChannel2 = rxBuffer6[1];
                  Debug.WriteLine($"RF Channel 2 0x{RF_CH:x2} - Value 0X{rxBuffer6[1]:x2} - Value adjusted {rfChannel2+2400}");
                  Debug.WriteLine("");
               }
               catch (Exception ex)
               {
                  Debug.WriteLine("Configure Port0 " + ex.Message);
               }
            }
         }
         catch (Exception ex)
         {
            Debug.WriteLine(ex.Message);
         }
      }

#if NETDUINO3_WIFI
      static int PinNumber(char port, byte pin)
      {
         if (port < 'A' || port > 'J')
            throw new ArgumentException();

         return ((port - 'A') * 16) + pin;
      }
#endif
   }
}

After bit of tinkering with SPI configuration options and checking device.Write vs. device.TransferFullDuplex usage. I can reliably read and write my nRF24L01 device’s receive port address and channel configuration.

devMobile.IoT.nRf24L01.ModuleSPI starting
SPI1,SPI2,SPI3,SPI4
nrf24L01Device Device...
ConfigureSpiPort Done...

Read address width
 nrf24L01Device.TransferFullDuplex...SETUP_AW
 txBuffer:03-00
 rxBuffer:0E-03
Address width 0x03 - Value 0X03 Value adjusted 5

Write Pipe0 Receive Address ZYXWV
 nrf24L01Device.Write...RX_ADDR_P0
 txBuffer:2A-5A-59-58-57-56

Read Pipe0 Receive address
 nrf24L01Device.TransferFullDuplex...RX_ADDR_P0
 txBuffer:0A-00-00-00-00-00
 rxBuffer:0E-5A-59-58-57-56
Address 0x0A Address ZYXWV

RF Channel read 1
 nrf24L01Device.TransferFullDuplex...RF_CH
 txBuffer:05-00
 rxBuffer:0E-02
RF Channel 1 0x05 - Value 0X02 - Value adjusted 2402

RF Channel write
 nrf24L01Device.Write...RF_CH
 txBuffer:25-03

RF Channel read 2
 nrf24L01Device.TransferFullDuplex...RF_CH
 txBuffer:05-00
 rxBuffer:0E-03
RF Channel 2 0x05 - Value 0X03 - Value adjusted 2403

The thread '<No Name>' (0x1) has exited with code 0 (0x0).
Done.

Next step is to port my TinyCLR nRF24L01 library which is based on the Techfoonina Windows 10 IoT Core port which is based on .NetMF library by Gralin.

TinyCLR OS V2 RC1 RAK811 LoRaWAN library Part2

Nasty OTAA connect

After getting basic connectivity for my RAK811 LPWAN Evaluation Board(EVB) and Fezduino test rig working. I wanted to see if I could get the device connected to The Things Network(TTN) via the RAK7246G LPWAN Developer Gateway on my desk. I had got the EVB configuration sorted with a nanoFramework device so I was confident it should work.

EVB plugged into Fezduino

My Over the Air Activation (OTAA) implementation is very “nasty” I assumed that there would be no timeouts or failures and I only send one BCD message “48656c6c6f204c6f526157414e” which is “hello LoRaWAN”

I configured the RAK811 module for LoRaWAN

// Set the Working mode to LoRaWAN
txByteCount = serialDevice.Write(UTF8Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes("at+set_config=lora:work_mode:0\r\n"));
Debug.WriteLine($"TX: work mode {txByteCount} bytes");
Thread.Sleep(500);

// Read the response
rxByteCount = serialDevice.BytesToRead;
if (rxByteCount > 0)
{
   byte[] rxBuffer = new byte[rxByteCount];
   serialDevice.Read(rxBuffer);
   Debug.WriteLine($"RX :{UTF8Encoding.UTF8.GetString(rxBuffer)}");
}
...

Then just sequentially step through the necessary configuration to join the TTN network with a suitable delay after each command is sent.

// Set the Region to AS923
txByteCount = serialDevice.Write(UTF8Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes("at+set_config=lora:region:AS923\r\n"));
Debug.WriteLine($"TX: region {txByteCount} bytes");
Thread.Sleep(500);

// Read the response
rxByteCount = serialDevice.BytesToRead;
if (rxByteCount > 0)
{
   byte[] rxBuffer = new byte[rxByteCount];
   serialDevice.Read(rxBuffer);
   Debug.WriteLine($"RX :{UTF8Encoding.UTF8.GetString(rxBuffer)}");
}

// Set the JoinMode
txByteCount = serialDevice.Write(UTF8Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes("at+set_config=lora:join_mode:0\r\n"));
Debug.WriteLine($"TX: join_mode {txByteCount} bytes");
Thread.Sleep(500);

// Read the response
rxByteCount = serialDevice.BytesToRead;
if (rxByteCount > 0)
{
   byte[] rxBuffer = new byte[rxByteCount];
   serialDevice.Read(rxBuffer);
   Debug.WriteLine($"RX :{UTF8Encoding.UTF8.GetString(rxBuffer)}");
}

// OTAA set the devEUI
txByteCount = serialDevice.Write(UTF8Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes($"at+set_config=lora:dev_eui:{DevEui}\r\n"));
Debug.WriteLine($"TX: dev_eui: {txByteCount} bytes");
Thread.Sleep(500);

// Read the response
rxByteCount = serialDevice.BytesToRead;
if (rxByteCount > 0)
{
   byte[] rxBuffer = new byte[rxByteCount];
   serialDevice.Read(rxBuffer);
   Debug.WriteLine($"RX :{UTF8Encoding.UTF8.GetString(rxBuffer)}");
}
...

The code is not suitable for production but it confirmed my software and hardware configuration worked.

The thread '<No Name>' (0x2) has exited with code 0 (0x0).
devMobile.IoT.Rak811.NetworkJoinOTAA starting
TX: work mode 32 bytes
RX :UART1 work mode: RUI_UART_NORAMAL
Current work_mode:LoRaWAN, join_mode:OTAA, Class: A
Initialization OK 

TX: region 33 bytes
RX :OK 

TX: join_mode 32 bytes
RX :OK 

TX: dev_eui: 45 bytes
RX :OK 

TX: app_eui 45 bytes
RX :OK 

TX: app_key 61 bytes
RX :OK 

TX: confirm 30 bytes
RX :OK 

TX: join 9 bytes
RX :OK Join Success

TX: send 43 bytes
RX :OK 

TX: send 43 bytes
RX :OK 

In the Visual Studio 2019 debug output I could see messages getting sent and then after a short delay they were visible in the TTN console.

Successful OTAA Connect TTN logging

I had some issues with TimeSpan.ToString(…) throwing a CLR_E_UNSUPPORTED_INSTRUCTION exception which has been mentioned on the GHI Forums.

I had to modify my code to fix this issue

Debug.WriteLine($"{DateTime.UtcNow:hh:mm:ss} Join start Timeout:{JoinTimeOut:hh:mm:ss}");

// Became

Debug.WriteLine($" {DateTime.UtcNow:hh:mm:ss} Join Start Timeout {timeout.TotalSeconds} seconds");

I won’t bother with confirming any other functionality as I’m reasonably confident the nanoFramework library (which this code is based on) is working as expected.

TinyCLR OS V2 RC1 RAK811 LoRaWAN library Part1

Basic connectivity

Over the weekend I have been working on a GHI Electronics TinyCLR V2  C# library for my modified RAK811 LPWAN Evaluation Board(EVB) from RAK Wireless. My initial test rig is based on an Fezduino board which has Arduino Uno R3 format socket for the EVB.

Fezduino with RAK Wisnode shield

The code has compile time options for synchronous and asynchronous operation.

   public class Program
   {
      private static UartController serialDevice;
      private const string ATCommand = "at+version\r\n";
#if TINYCLR_V2_FEZDUINO
      private static string SerialPortId = SC20100.UartPort.Uart5;
#endif

      public static void Main()
      {
         Debug.WriteLine("devMobile.IoT.Rak811.ShieldSerial starting");

         try
         {
            serialDevice = UartController.FromName(SerialPortId);

            serialDevice.SetActiveSettings(new UartSetting()
            {
               BaudRate = 9600,
               Parity = UartParity.None,
               StopBits = UartStopBitCount.One,
               Handshaking = UartHandshake.None,
               DataBits = 8
            });

            serialDevice.Enable();

#if SERIAL_ASYNC_READ
            serialDevice.DataReceived += SerialDevice_DataReceived;
#endif

            while (true)
            {
               byte[] txBuffer = UTF8Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(ATCommand);

               int txByteCount = serialDevice.Write(txBuffer);
               Debug.WriteLine($"TX: {txByteCount} bytes");

#if SERIAL_SYNC_READ
               while( serialDevice.BytesToWrite>0)
               {
                  Debug.WriteLine($" BytesToWrite {serialDevice.BytesToWrite}");
                  Thread.Sleep(100);
               }

               int rxByteCount = serialDevice.BytesToRead;
               if (rxByteCount>0)
               {
                  byte[] rxBuffer = new byte[rxByteCount];

                  serialDevice.Read(rxBuffer);

                  Debug.WriteLine($"RX sync:{rxByteCount} bytes read");
                  String response = UTF8Encoding.UTF8.GetString(rxBuffer);
                  Debug.WriteLine($"RX sync:{response}");
               }
#endif

               Thread.Sleep(20000);
            }
         }
         catch (Exception ex)
         {
            Debug.WriteLine(ex.Message);
         }
      }


#if SERIAL_ASYNC_READ
      private static void SerialDevice_DataReceived(UartController sender, DataReceivedEventArgs e)
      {
         byte[] rxBuffer = new byte[e.Count];

         serialDevice.Read(rxBuffer, 0, e.Count);

         Debug.WriteLine($"RX Async:{e.Count} bytes read");
         String response = UTF8Encoding.UTF8.GetString(rxBuffer);
         Debug.WriteLine($"RX Async:{response}");
      }
#endif
   }

When I first ran the code I noticed the serialDevice.Read timed out before any characters were received.

The thread '<No Name>' (0x2) has exited with code 0 (0x0).
devMobile.IoT.Rak811.ShieldSerial starting
TX: 12 bytes
TX: 12 bytes
RX sync:19 bytes read
RX sync:OK V3.0.0.13.H.T3

TX: 12 bytes
RX sync:19 bytes read
RX sync:OK V3.0.0.13.H.T3

TX: 12 bytes
RX sync:19 bytes read
RX sync:OK V3.0.0.13.H.T3

I then added code to check the message had been sent and the code worked as expected. I now think, that rather than checking that the characters had been sent the short 100mSec delay was more important.

The thread '<No Name>' (0x2) has exited with code 0 (0x0).
devMobile.IoT.Rak811.ShieldSerial starting
TX: 12 bytes
 BytesToWrite 10
RX sync:19 bytes read
RX sync:OK V3.0.0.13.H.T3

TX: 12 bytes
 BytesToWrite 10
RX sync:19 bytes read
RX sync:OK V3.0.0.13.H.T3

TX: 12 bytes
 BytesToWrite 10
RX sync:19 bytes read
RX sync:OK V3.0.0.13.H.T3

I then added code to receive data asynchronously and the response to the version request was received as expected.

The thread '<No Name>' (0x2) has exited with code 0 (0x0).
devMobile.IoT.Rak811.ShieldSerial starting
TX: 12 bytes
RX Async:1 bytes read
RX Async:O
RX Async:8 bytes read
RX Async:K V3.0.0
RX Async:10 bytes read
RX Async:.13.H.T3

TX: 12 bytes
RX Async:1 bytes read
RX Async:O
RX Async:5 bytes read
RX Async:K V3.
RX Async:9 bytes read
RX Async:0.0.13.H.
RX Async:4 bytes read
RX Async:T3

RAK811LoRaWAN.NetNF on Github

The source code of my nanoFramework RAK811 Module library is now available on GitHub. My test harness (I plan to add more nanoFramework supported devices) uses an STM32F769 Discovery and a modified RAK811 LPWAN Evaluation Board(EVB).

STM32F691Discovery with EVB plugged into Arduino headers

A sample application which shows how to connect using Over the Air Activation(OTAA) or Activation By Personalisation(ABP) then send and receive byte array/Binary Coded Decimal(BCD) messages .

//---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Copyright (c) June 2020, devMobile Software
//
// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
// You may obtain a copy of the License at
//
//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
//
// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
// limitations under the License.
//
//---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#define ST_STM32F769I_DISCOVERY      // nanoff --target ST_STM32F769I_DISCOVERY --update 
#define PAYLOAD_BCD
//#define PAYLOAD_BYTES
#define OTAA
//#define ABP
#define CONFIRMED
namespace devMobile.IoT.Rak811LoRaWanDeviceClient
{
   using System;
   using System.Threading;
   using System.Diagnostics;
   using Windows.Devices.SerialCommunication;

   using devMobile.IoT.LoRaWan;

   public class Program
   {
#if ST_STM32F769I_DISCOVERY
      private const string SerialPortId = "COM6";
#endif
#if OTAA
      private const string DevEui = "...";
      private const string AppEui = "...";
      private const string AppKey = "...";
#endif
#if ABP
      private const string DevAddress = "...";
      private const string NwksKey = "...";
      private const string AppsKey = "...";
#endif
      private const string Region = "AS923";
      private static readonly TimeSpan JoinTimeOut = new TimeSpan(0, 0, 10);
      private static readonly TimeSpan SendTimeout = new TimeSpan(0, 0, 10);
      private const byte MessagePort = 1;
#if PAYLOAD_BCD
      private const string PayloadBcd = "48656c6c6f204c6f526157414e"; // Hello LoRaWAN in BCD
#endif
#if PAYLOAD_BYTES
      private static readonly byte[] PayloadBytes = { 0x48, 0x65, 0x6c, 0x6c, 0x6f, 0x20, 0x4c, 0x6f, 0x52, 0x61, 0x57, 0x41, 0x4e}; // Hello LoRaWAN in bytes
#endif

      public static void Main()
      {
         Result result;

         Debug.WriteLine("devMobile.IoT.Rak811LoRaWanDeviceClient starting");

         Debug.WriteLine($"Ports :{Windows.Devices.SerialCommunication.SerialDevice.GetDeviceSelector()}");

         try
         {
            using ( Rak811LoRaWanDevice device = new Rak811LoRaWanDevice())
            {
               result = device.Initialise(SerialPortId, 9600, SerialParity.None, 8, SerialStopBitCount.One);
               if (result != Result.Success)
               {
                  Debug.WriteLine($"Initialise failed {result}");
                  return;
               }

#if CONFIRMED
               device.OnMessageConfirmation += OnMessageConfirmationHandler;
#endif
               device.OnReceiveMessage += OnReceiveMessageHandler;

               Debug.WriteLine($"{DateTime.UtcNow:hh:mm:ss} Region {Region}");
               result = device.Region(Region);
               if (result != Result.Success)
               {
                  Debug.WriteLine($"Region failed {result}");
                  return;
               }

               Debug.WriteLine($"{DateTime.UtcNow:hh:mm:ss} ADR On");
               result = device.AdrOn();
               if (result != Result.Success)
               {
                  Debug.WriteLine($"ADR on failed {result}");
                  return;
               }

#if CONFIRMED
               Debug.WriteLine($"{DateTime.UtcNow:hh:mm:ss} Confirmed");
               result = device.Confirm(LoRaConfirmType.Confirmed);
               if (result != Result.Success)
               {
                  Debug.WriteLine($"Confirm on failed {result}");
                  return;
               }
#else
               Debug.WriteLine($"{DateTime.UtcNow:hh:mm:ss} Unconfirmed");
               result = device.Confirm(LoRaConfirmType.Unconfirmed);
               if (result != Result.Success)
               {
                  Debug.WriteLine($"Confirm off failed {result}");
                  return;
               }
#endif

#if OTAA
               Debug.WriteLine($"{DateTime.UtcNow:hh:mm:ss} OTAA");
               result = device.OtaaInitialise(DevEui, AppEui, AppKey);
               if (result != Result.Success)
               {
                  Debug.WriteLine($"OTAA Initialise failed {result}");
                  return;
               }
#endif

#if ABP
               Debug.WriteLine($"{DateTime.UtcNow:hh:mm:ss} ABP");
               result = device.AbpInitialise(DevAddress, NwksKey, AppsKey);
               if (result != Result.Success)
               {
                  Debug.WriteLine($"ABP Initialise failed {result}");
                  return;
               }
#endif

               Debug.WriteLine($"{DateTime.UtcNow:hh:mm:ss} Join start Timeout:{JoinTimeOut:hh:mm:ss}");
               result = device.Join(JoinTimeOut);
               if (result != Result.Success)
               {
                  Debug.WriteLine($"Join failed {result}");
                  return;
               }
               Debug.WriteLine($"{DateTime.UtcNow:hh:mm:ss} Join finish");

               while (true)
               {
#if PAYLOAD_BCD
                  Debug.WriteLine($"{DateTime.UtcNow:hh:mm:ss} Send Timeout:{SendTimeout:hh:mm:ss} port:{MessagePort} payload BCD:{PayloadBcd}");
                  result = device.Send(MessagePort, PayloadBcd, SendTimeout);
#endif
#if PAYLOAD_BYTES
                  Debug.WriteLine($"{DateTime.UtcNow:hh:mm:ss} Send Timeout:{SendTimeout:hh:mm:ss} port:{MessagePort} payload Bytes:{BitConverter.ToString(PayloadBytes)}");
                  result = device.Send(MessagePort, PayloadBytes, SendTimeout);
#endif
                  if (result != Result.Success)
                  {
                     Debug.WriteLine($"Send failed {result}");
                  }

                  // if we sleep module too soon response is missed
                  Thread.Sleep(new TimeSpan( 0,0,5));

                  Debug.WriteLine($"{DateTime.UtcNow:hh:mm:ss} Sleep");
                  result = device.Sleep();
                  if (result != Result.Success)
                  {
                     Debug.WriteLine($"Sleep failed {result}");
                     return;
                  }

                  Thread.Sleep(new TimeSpan(0, 5, 0));

                  Debug.WriteLine($"{DateTime.UtcNow:hh:mm:ss} Wakeup");
                  result = device.Wakeup();
                  if (result != Result.Success)
                  {
                     Debug.WriteLine($"Wakeup failed {result}");
                     return;
                  }
               }
            }
         }
         catch (Exception ex)
         {
            Debug.WriteLine(ex.Message);
         }
      }

      static void OnMessageConfirmationHandler(int rssi, int snr)
      {
         Debug.WriteLine($"{DateTime.UtcNow:hh:mm:ss} Send Confirm RSSI:{rssi} SNR:{snr}");
      }

      static void OnReceiveMessageHandler(int port, int rssi, int snr, string payloadBcd)
      {
         byte[] payloadBytes = Rak811LoRaWanDevice.BcdToByes(payloadBcd);

         Debug.WriteLine($"{DateTime.UtcNow:hh:mm:ss} Receive Message RSSI:{rssi} SNR:{snr} Port:{port} Payload:{payloadBcd} PayLoadBytes:{BitConverter.ToString(payloadBytes)}");
      }
   }
}

I have LoRaWAN shields from GobalSat and EmOne on order.

The library works but should be treated as late beta.