RFM9X.TinyCLR V2 RC2 on Github

Posted on July 20, 2020 by devmobilenz

The source code of RC2 of my GHI Electronics TinyCLR-0SV2RC1 RFM9X/SX127X library is live on GitHub. The sample application now supports Fezduino(dragino_LoRa shield for Arduino + others), Fezportal and the SC2010 Dev board (with CascoLogix LoRa Click) . I will add FezFeather and Fezstick support soon.

//---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Copyright (c) March/April 2020, devMobile Software
//
// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
// You may obtain a copy of the License at
//
//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
//
// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
// limitations under the License.
//
// Need one of TINYCLR_V2_SC20100DEV_MIKROBUS_1/TINYCLR_V2_SC20100DEV_MIKROBUS_2/TINYCLR_V2_FEZDUINO/TINYCLR_V2_FEZPORTAL defined
//---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
namespace devMobile.IoT.Rfm9x.LoRaDeviceClient
{
	using System;
	using System.Diagnostics;
	using System.Text;
	using System.Threading;

	using GHIElectronics.TinyCLR.Pins;

	using devMobile.IoT.Rfm9x;

	class Program
   {
      static void Main()
      {
#if TINYCLR_V2_SC20100DEV_MIKROBUS_1 || TINYCLR_V2_SC20100DEV_MIKROBUS_2
			const string DeviceName = "SC20100DEVLoRa";
#endif
#if TINYCLR_V2_FEZDUINO
			const string DeviceName = "FezduinoLoRa";
#endif
#if TINYCLR_V2_FEZPORTAL
			const string DeviceName = "FezportalLoRa";
#endif
#if ADDRESSED_MESSAGES_PAYLOAD
			const string HostName = "LoRaIoT1";
#endif
			const double Frequency = 915000000.0;
			byte MessageCount = System.Byte.MaxValue;
#if TINYCLR_V2_SC20100DEV_MIKROBUS_1
         Rfm9XDevice rfm9XDevice = new Rfm9XDevice(SC20100.SpiBus.Spi3, SC20100.GpioPin.PD3, SC20100.GpioPin.PD4, SC20100.GpioPin.PC5);
#endif
#if TINYCLR_V2_SC20100DEV_MIKROBUS_2
			Rfm9XDevice rfm9XDevice = new Rfm9XDevice(SC20100.SpiBus.Spi3, SC20100.GpioPin.PD14, SC20100.GpioPin.PD15, SC20100.GpioPin.PA8);
#endif
#if TINYCLR_V2_FEZDUINO
			Rfm9XDevice rfm9XDevice = new Rfm9XDevice(SC20100.SpiBus.Spi6, SC20100.GpioPin.PB1, SC20100.GpioPin.PA15, SC20100.GpioPin.PA1);
#endif
#if TINYCLR_V2_FEZPORTAL
         Rfm9XDevice rfm9XDevice = new Rfm9XDevice(SC20100.SpiBus.Spi3, SC20100.GpioPin.PC13, SC20100.GpioPin.PD4,SC20100.GpioPin.PC2);
#endif

			rfm9XDevice.Initialise(Frequency, paBoost: true, rxPayloadCrcOn: true);
#if DEBUG
			rfm9XDevice.RegisterDump();
#endif

			rfm9XDevice.OnReceive += Rfm9XDevice_OnReceive;
#if ADDRESSED_MESSAGES_PAYLOAD
			rfm9XDevice.Receive(UTF8Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(DeviceName));
#else
			rfm9XDevice.Receive();
#endif
			rfm9XDevice.OnTransmit += Rfm9XDevice_OnTransmit;

			Thread.Sleep(10000);

			while (true)
			{
				string messageText = string.Format("Hello from {0} ! {1}", DeviceName, MessageCount);
				MessageCount -= 1;

				byte[] messageBytes = UTF8Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(messageText);
				Debug.WriteLine($"{DateTime.Now:HH:mm:ss}-TX {messageBytes.Length} byte message {messageText}");
#if ADDRESSED_MESSAGES_PAYLOAD
				rfm9XDevice.Send(UTF8Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(HostName), messageBytes);
#else
				rfm9XDevice.Send(messageBytes);
#endif
				Thread.Sleep(10000);
			}
		}

		private static void Rfm9XDevice_OnReceive(object sender, Rfm9XDevice.OnDataReceivedEventArgs e)
		{
			try
			{
				string messageText = UTF8Encoding.UTF8.GetString(e.Data);

#if ADDRESSED_MESSAGES_PAYLOAD
				string addressText = UTF8Encoding.UTF8.GetString(e.Address);

				Debug.WriteLine($@"{DateTime.Now:HH:mm:ss}-RX From {addressText} PacketSnr {e.PacketSnr} Packet RSSI {e.PacketRssi}dBm RSSI {e.Rssi}dBm = {e.Data.Length} byte message ""{messageText}""");
#else
				Debug.WriteLine($@"{DateTime.Now:HH:mm:ss}-RX PacketSnr {e.PacketSnr} Packet RSSI {e.PacketRssi}dBm RSSI {e.Rssi}dBm = {e.Data.Length} byte message ""{messageText}""");
#endif
			}
			catch (Exception ex)
			{
				Debug.WriteLine(ex.Message);
			}
		}

		private static void Rfm9XDevice_OnTransmit(object sender, Rfm9XDevice.OnDataTransmitedEventArgs e)
		{
			Debug.WriteLine($"{DateTime.Now:HH:mm:ss}-TX Done");
		}
	}
}

The library works but should be treated as late beta.

TinyCLR OS V2 RC1 LoRa library Part4

Posted on July 19, 2020 by devmobilenz

Interrupts Revisited

In my last post I had two approaches for fixing the issue with transmit interrupts. As I was sorting out the configuration for my Fezportal device and SS20100 Dev board(both sockets) with a Cascologix MikroBus LoRa click I had similar issues with both receive and transmit.

SC20100 Dev Rev A with Cascologix Click in socket1

I noticed the extra RegIrqFlags 0X58, Receive-Message in the debugging output.

The thread '<No Name>' (0x2) has exited with code 0 (0x0).
Sending 13 bytes message Hello LoRa 1!
RegIrqFlags 0X08
Transmit-Done
Sending 13 bytes message Hello LoRa 2!
RegIrqFlags 0X08
Transmit-Done
RegIrqFlags 0X58
Receive-Message
Received 23 byte message  �LoRaIoT1N3WT 20.5,H 86
Transmit-Done
Sending 13 bytes message Hello LoRa 3!
RegIrqFlags 0X08
Transmit-Done

This was with the modified device write methods so I tried changing the Serial Peripheral Interface(SPI) configuration.

public RegisterManager(string spiPortName,  int chipSelectPin, int clockFrequency = 500000)
{
	GpioPin chipSelectGpio = GpioController.GetDefault().OpenPin(chipSelectPin);

	var settings = new SpiConnectionSettings()
	{
		ChipSelectType = SpiChipSelectType.Gpio,
		ChipSelectLine = chipSelectGpio,
		Mode = SpiMode.Mode0,
		ClockFrequency = clockFrequency,
		ChipSelectActiveState = false,
		ChipSelectHoldTime = new TimeSpan(1),
	};

	SpiController spiController = SpiController.FromName(spiPortName);

	rfm9XLoraModem = spiController.GetDevice(settings);
}

When I added the ChipSelectHoldTime (even the smallest possible one) the code worked as expected.

The thread '' (0x2) has exited with code 0 (0x0).
Sending 13 bytes message Hello LoRa 1!
RegIrqFlags 0X08
Transmit-Done
Sending 13 bytes message Hello LoRa 2!
RegIrqFlags 0X08
Transmit-Done
RegIrqFlags 0X50
Receive-Message
Received 23 byte message �LoRaIoT1N3WT 20.5,H 87
Sending 13 bytes message Hello LoRa 3!
RegIrqFlags 0X08
Transmit-Done
Sending 13 bytes message Hello LoRa 4!
RegIrqFlags 0X08
Transmit-Done

At this point I have run out of ideas so I will release the code this fix.

RFM9X.TinyCLR V2 RC1 on Github

Posted on July 10, 2020 by devmobilenz

The source code of my GHI Electronics TinyCLR-0SV2RC1 RFM9X/SX127X library is live on GitHub. The test harness uses a Fezduino and a dragino technology LoRa shield for Arduino. I will add FezPortal, FezFeather and Fezstick support soon.

A sample application which shows how to send/receive address/un-addresses payloads

//---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Copyright (c) March/April 2020, devMobile Software
//
// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
// You may obtain a copy of the License at
//
//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
//
// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
// limitations under the License.
//
// Need one of TINYCLR_V2_SC20100DEV/TINYCLR_V2_FEZDUINO defined
//---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
namespace devMobile.IoT.Rfm9x.LoRaDeviceClient
{
	using System;
	using System.Diagnostics;
	using System.Text;
	using System.Threading;

	using GHIElectronics.TinyCLR.Pins;

	using devMobile.IoT.Rfm9x;

	class Program
   {
      static void Main()
      {
#if TINYCLR_V2_SC20100DEV
			const string DeviceName = "SC20100DEVLoRa";
#endif
#if TINYCLR_V2_FEZDUINO
			const string DeviceName = "FezduinoLoRa";
#endif
#if ADDRESSED_MESSAGES_PAYLOAD
			const string HostName = "LoRaIoT1";
#endif
			const double Frequency = 915000000.0;
			byte MessageCount = System.Byte.MaxValue;
#if TINYCLR_V2_SC20100DEV
         Rfm9XDevice rfm9XDevice = new Rfm9XDevice(SC20100.SpiBus.Spi3, SC20100.GpioPin.PA13, SC20100.GpioPin.PA14, SC20100.GpioPin.PE4);
#endif
#if TINYCLR_V2_FEZDUINO
         Rfm9XDevice rfm9XDevice = new Rfm9XDevice(SC20100.SpiBus.Spi6, SC20100.GpioPin.PB1, SC20100.GpioPin.PA15, SC20100.GpioPin.PA1);
#endif
			
			rfm9XDevice.Initialise(Frequency, paBoost: true, rxPayloadCrcOn: true);
#if DEBUG
			rfm9XDevice.RegisterDump();
#endif

			rfm9XDevice.OnReceive += Rfm9XDevice_OnReceive;
#if ADDRESSED_MESSAGES_PAYLOAD
			rfm9XDevice.Receive(UTF8Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(DeviceName));
#else
			rfm9XDevice.Receive();
#endif
			rfm9XDevice.OnTransmit += Rfm9XDevice_OnTransmit;

			Thread.Sleep(10000);

			while (true)
			{
				string messageText = string.Format("Hello from {0} ! {1}", DeviceName, MessageCount);
				MessageCount -= 1;

				byte[] messageBytes = UTF8Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(messageText);
				Debug.WriteLine($"{DateTime.Now:HH:mm:ss}-TX {messageBytes.Length} byte message {messageText}");
#if ADDRESSED_MESSAGES_PAYLOAD
				rfm9XDevice.Send(UTF8Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(HostName), messageBytes);
#else
				rfm9XDevice.Send(messageBytes);
#endif
				Thread.Sleep(10000);
			}
		}

		private static void Rfm9XDevice_OnReceive(object sender, Rfm9XDevice.OnDataReceivedEventArgs e)
		{
			try
			{
				string messageText = UTF8Encoding.UTF8.GetString(e.Data);

#if ADDRESSED_MESSAGES_PAYLOAD
				string addressText = UTF8Encoding.UTF8.GetString(e.Address);

				Debug.WriteLine($@"{DateTime.Now:HH:mm:ss}-RX From {addressText} PacketSnr {e.PacketSnr} Packet RSSI {e.PacketRssi}dBm RSSI {e.Rssi}dBm = {e.Data.Length} byte message ""{messageText}""");
#else
				Debug.WriteLine($@"{DateTime.Now:HH:mm:ss}-RX PacketSnr {e.PacketSnr} Packet RSSI {e.PacketRssi}dBm RSSI {e.Rssi}dBm = {e.Data.Length} byte message ""{messageText}""");
#endif
			}
			catch (Exception ex)
			{
				Debug.WriteLine(ex.Message);
			}
		}

		private static void Rfm9XDevice_OnTransmit(object sender, Rfm9XDevice.OnDataTransmitedEventArgs e)
		{
			Debug.WriteLine($"{DateTime.Now:HH:mm:ss}-TX Done");
		}
	}
}

The addressing support is pretty basic as my goal was a library that I could extend with optional functionality like tamper detection via signing and privacy via payload encryption, mesh network support etc.

The library works but should be treated as late beta.

TinyCLR OS V2 RC1 LoRa library Part3

Posted on July 9, 2020 by devmobilenz

Why are Transmit Interrupts broken?

The receive using interrupts appeared to be working but transmit with interrupts I could only send a couple of messages before confirmations stopped.

I had read about restrictions for interrupts pins e.g. PA1 & PB1 can’t be used at the same time, but PA1 and PB2 can, which got me thinking…

In my dragino shield based setup Arduino D2(PA1) is the interrupt(IRQ) line and Arduino D10(PB1) is chip select (CS) so I changed the pins with jumper wires just incase.

Fezduino connected to Dragino LoRa shield with jumpers

I tried several different configurations of CS and IRQ pins and none worked.

On other embedded .net platforms I have written Serial Peripheral Interface(SPI) based drivers for (e.g. Wilderness Labs Meadow and the nanoFramework) there had been issues with the use of device.Write vs. device. TransferFullDuplex (or its equivalent).

The RegisterWriteByte method in the event handler appeared to be the problem so I tried modifying it.

public void RegisterWriteByte(byte address, byte value)
{
   byte[] writeBuffer = new byte[] { address |= RegisterAddressWriteMask, value };
   Debug.Assert(rfm9XLoraModem != null);

   rfm9XLoraModem.Write(writeBuffer);
}

Became

public void RegisterWriteByte(byte address, byte value)
{
   byte[] writeBuffer = new byte[] { address |= RegisterAddressWriteMask, value };
   byte[] readBuffer = new byte[2];
   Debug.Assert(rfm9XLoraModem != null);

   rfm9XLoraModem.TransferFullDuplex(writeBuffer, readBuffer);
}

In the diagnostic output I could see confirmations arriving

The thread '<No Name>' (0x2) has exited with code 0 (0x0).
Sending 13 bytes message Hello LoRa 1!
RegIrqFlags 0X08
Transmit-Done
Sending 13 bytes message Hello LoRa 2!
RegIrqFlags 0X08
Transmit-Done
Sending 13 bytes message Hello LoRa 3!
RegIrqFlags 0X08
Transmit-Done
Sending 13 bytes message Hello LoRa 4!
RegIrqFlags 0X08
Transmit-Done
Sending 13 bytes message Hello LoRa 5!
RegIrqFlags 0X08
Transmit-Done
Sending 13 bytes message Hello LoRa 6!
RegIrqFlags 0X08
Transmit-Done

This was clue it might be a timing problem, so I took a closer look at how the SPI port was configured. After some experimentation I found that by adding a small ChipSelectHoldTime the .Write statements worked.

When I went back and checked there had also been some timing “tweaks” required to get my .Net Microframework LoRa library to work reliably.

public Rfm9XDevice(string spiPortName, int chipSelectPin, int resetPin, int interruptPin)
{
   GpioController gpioController = GpioController.GetDefault();

   GpioPin chipSelectGpio = gpioController.OpenPin(chipSelectPin);

   var settings = new SpiConnectionSettings()
   {
      ChipSelectType = SpiChipSelectType.Gpio,
      ChipSelectLine = chipSelectGpio,
      Mode = SpiMode.Mode0,
      ClockFrequency = 500000,
      ChipSelectActiveState = false,
      //ChipSelectHoldTime = new TimeSpan(50),
      //ChipSelectHoldTime = new TimeSpan(25),
      //ChipSelectHoldTime = new TimeSpan(10),
      ChipSelectHoldTime = new TimeSpan(5),
      //ChipSelectHoldTime = new TimeSpan(1),
   };

   SpiController spiController = SpiController.FromName(spiPortName);

   rfm9XLoraModem = spiController.GetDevice(settings);

   // Factory reset pin configuration
   GpioPin resetGpioPin = gpioController.OpenPin(resetPin);
   resetGpioPin.SetDriveMode(GpioPinDriveMode.Output);
   resetGpioPin.Write(GpioPinValue.Low);
   Thread.Sleep(10);
   resetGpioPin.Write(GpioPinValue.High);
   Thread.Sleep(10);

   // Interrupt pin for RX message & TX done notification 
   InterruptGpioPin = gpioController.OpenPin(interruptPin);
   InterruptGpioPin.SetDriveMode(GpioPinDriveMode.Input);

   InterruptGpioPin.ValueChanged += InterruptGpioPin_ValueChanged;
}

In the diagnostic output I could see confirmations arriving

...
Sending 16 bytes message Hello LoRa 1115!
RegIrqFlags 0X08
Transmit-Done
Sending 16 bytes message Hello LoRa 1116!
RegIrqFlags 0X08
Transmit-Done
Sending 16 bytes message Hello LoRa 1117!
RegIrqFlags 0X08
Transmit-Done
Sending 16 bytes message Hello LoRa 1118!
RegIrqFlags 0X08
Transmit-Done
Sending 16 bytes message Hello LoRa 1119!
RegIrqFlags 0X08
Transmit-Done
Sending 16 bytes message Hello LoRa 1120!
RegIrqFlags 0X08
Transmit-Done
Sending 16 bytes message Hello LoRa 1121!
RegIrqFlags 0X08
Transmit-Done
Sending 16 bytes message Hello LoRa 1122!
RegIrqFlags 0X08
The program '[13] TinyCLR application: Managed' has exited with code 0 (0x0).

After some soak testing it looks like the ChipSelectHoldTime modification works pretty reliably but I will need watch for issues.

EDIT: After a long walk I have updated the code to use TransferFullDuplex rather than add a ChipSelectHoldTime.

TinyCLR OS V2 RC1 LoRa library Part2

Posted on July 8, 2020 by devmobilenz

Receive and Transmit

The first step was to confirm the transmission of messages with polled completion confirmation was working as expected.

   class Program
   {
      static void Main()
      {
#if TINYCLR_V2_SC20100DEV
         Rfm9XDevice rfm9XDevice = new Rfm9XDevice(SC20100.SpiBus.Spi3, SC20100.GpioPin.PA13, SC20100.GpioPin.PA14);
#endif
#if TINYCLR_V2_FEZDUINO
         Rfm9XDevice rfm9XDevice = new Rfm9XDevice(SC20100.SpiBus.Spi6, SC20100.GpioPin.PB1, SC20100.GpioPin.PA15);
#endif
         int SendCount = 0;

         // Put device into LoRa + Sleep mode
         rfm9XDevice.RegisterWriteByte(0x01, 0b10000000); // RegOpMode 

         // Set the frequency to 915MHz
         byte[] frequencyWriteBytes = { 0xE4, 0xC0, 0x00 }; // RegFrMsb, RegFrMid, RegFrLsb
         rfm9XDevice.RegisterWrite(0x06, frequencyWriteBytes);

         // More power PA Boost
         rfm9XDevice.RegisterWriteByte(0x09, 0b10000000); // RegPaConfig

         rfm9XDevice.RegisterDump();

         while (true)
         {
            rfm9XDevice.RegisterWriteByte(0x0E, 0x0); // RegFifoTxBaseAddress 

            // Set the Register Fifo address pointer
            rfm9XDevice.RegisterWriteByte(0x0D, 0x0); // RegFifoAddrPtr 

            string messageText = $"Hello LoRa {SendCount += 1}!";
               
            // load the message into the fifo
            byte[] messageBytes = UTF8Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(messageText);
            rfm9XDevice.RegisterWrite(0x0, messageBytes); // RegFifo

            // Set the length of the message in the fifo
            rfm9XDevice.RegisterWriteByte(0x22, (byte)messageBytes.Length); // RegPayloadLength

            Debug.WriteLine($"Sending {messageBytes.Length} bytes message {messageText}");
            /// Set the mode to LoRa + Transmit
            rfm9XDevice.RegisterWriteByte(0x01, 0b10000011); // RegOpMode 

            // Wait until send done, no timeouts in PoC
            Debug.WriteLine("Send-wait");
            byte IrqFlags = rfm9XDevice.RegisterReadByte(0x12); // RegIrqFlags
            while ((IrqFlags & 0b00001000) == 0)  // wait until TxDone cleared
            {
               Thread.Sleep(10);
               IrqFlags = rfm9XDevice.RegisterReadByte(0x12); // RegIrqFlags
               Debug.WriteLine(".");
            }
            rfm9XDevice.RegisterWriteByte(0x12, 0b00001000); // clear TxDone bit
            Debug.WriteLine("Send-Done");

            Thread.Sleep(30000);
         }
      }
   }

The diagnostic output shows messages being sent and on another device I could see the messages arriving. I do wonder why the first message often takes so long to send?

Register dump
Register 0x00 - Value 0Xc3
Register 0x01 - Value 0X80
Register 0x02 - Value 0X1a
Register 0x03 - Value 0X0b
Register 0x04 - Value 0X00
Register 0x05 - Value 0X52
Register 0x06 - Value 0Xe4
Register 0x07 - Value 0Xc0
Register 0x08 - Value 0X00
Register 0x09 - Value 0X80
Register 0x0a - Value 0X09
Register 0x0b - Value 0X2b
Register 0x0c - Value 0X20
Register 0x0d - Value 0X01
Register 0x0e - Value 0X80
Register 0x0f - Value 0X00
Register 0x10 - Value 0X00
Register 0x11 - Value 0X00
Register 0x12 - Value 0X00
Register 0x13 - Value 0X00
Register 0x14 - Value 0X00
Register 0x15 - Value 0X00
Register 0x16 - Value 0X00
Register 0x17 - Value 0X00
Register 0x18 - Value 0X10
Register 0x19 - Value 0X00
Register 0x1a - Value 0X00
Register 0x1b - Value 0X00
Register 0x1c - Value 0X00
Register 0x1d - Value 0X72
Register 0x1e - Value 0X70
Register 0x1f - Value 0X64
Register 0x20 - Value 0X00
Register 0x21 - Value 0X08
Register 0x22 - Value 0X01
Register 0x23 - Value 0Xff
Register 0x24 - Value 0X00
Register 0x25 - Value 0X00
Register 0x26 - Value 0X04
Register 0x27 - Value 0X00
Register 0x28 - Value 0X00
Register 0x29 - Value 0X00
Register 0x2a - Value 0X00
Register 0x2b - Value 0X00
Register 0x2c - Value 0X00
Register 0x2d - Value 0X50
Register 0x2e - Value 0X14
Register 0x2f - Value 0X45
Register 0x30 - Value 0X55
Register 0x31 - Value 0Xc3
Register 0x32 - Value 0X05
Register 0x33 - Value 0X27
Register 0x34 - Value 0X1c
Register 0x35 - Value 0X0a
Register 0x36 - Value 0X03
Register 0x37 - Value 0X0a
Register 0x38 - Value 0X42
Register 0x39 - Value 0X12
Register 0x3a - Value 0X49
Register 0x3b - Value 0X1d
Register 0x3c - Value 0X00
Register 0x3d - Value 0Xaf
Register 0x3e - Value 0X00
Register 0x3f - Value 0X00
Register 0x40 - Value 0X00
Register 0x41 - Value 0X00
Register 0x42 - Value 0X12
Sending 13 bytes message Hello LoRa 1!
Send-wait
.
.
.
.
.
Send-Done
Sending 13 bytes message Hello LoRa 2!
Send-wait
Send-Done
Sending 13 bytes message Hello LoRa 3!
Send-wait
Send-Done
Sending 13 bytes message Hello LoRa 4!
Send-wait
Send-Done
Sending 13 bytes message Hello LoRa 5!
Send-wait
Send-Done
Sending 13 bytes message Hello LoRa 6!
Send-wait
Send-Done

The second step was to confirm the polled reception of messages was working as expected.

   class Program
   {
      static void Main()
      {
#if TINYCLR_V2_SC20100DEV
         Rfm9XDevice rfm9XDevice = new Rfm9XDevice(SC20100.SpiBus.Spi3, SC20100.GpioPin.PA13, SC20100.GpioPin.PA14);
#endif
#if TINYCLR_V2_FEZDUINO
         Rfm9XDevice rfm9XDevice = new Rfm9XDevice(SC20100.SpiBus.Spi6, SC20100.GpioPin.PB1, SC20100.GpioPin.PA15);
#endif


         // Put device into LoRa + Sleep mode
         rfm9XDevice.RegisterWriteByte(0x01, 0b10000000); // RegOpMode 

         // Set the frequency to 915MHz
         byte[] frequencyWriteBytes = { 0xE4, 0xC0, 0x00 }; // RegFrMsb, RegFrMid, RegFrLsb
         rfm9XDevice.RegisterWrite(0x06, frequencyWriteBytes);

         rfm9XDevice.RegisterWriteByte(0x0F, 0x0); // RegFifoRxBaseAddress 

         rfm9XDevice.RegisterWriteByte(0x01, 0b10000101); // RegOpMode set LoRa & RxContinuous

         while (true)
         {
            // Wait until a packet is received, no timeouts in PoC
            Debug.WriteLine("Receive-Wait");
            byte irqFlags = rfm9XDevice.RegisterReadByte(0x12); // RegIrqFlags
            while ((irqFlags & 0b01000000) == 0)  // wait until RxDone cleared
            {
               Thread.Sleep(100);
               irqFlags = rfm9XDevice.RegisterReadByte(0x12); // RegIrqFlags
               //Debug.Write(".");
            }
            Debug.WriteLine("");
            Debug.WriteLine($"RegIrqFlags 0X{irqFlags:X2}");
            Debug.WriteLine("Receive-Message");
            byte currentFifoAddress = rfm9XDevice.RegisterReadByte(0x10); // RegFifiRxCurrent
            rfm9XDevice.RegisterWriteByte(0x0d, currentFifoAddress); // RegFifoAddrPtr

            byte numberOfBytes = rfm9XDevice.RegisterReadByte(0x13); // RegRxNbBytes

            byte[] messageBytes = rfm9XDevice.RegisterRead(0x00, numberOfBytes); // RegFifo

            rfm9XDevice.RegisterWriteByte(0x0d, 0);
            rfm9XDevice.RegisterWriteByte(0x12, 0b11111111); // RegIrqFlags clear all the bits

            string messageText = UTF8Encoding.UTF8.GetString(messageBytes);
            Debug.WriteLine($"Received {messageBytes.Length} byte message {messageText}");

            Debug.WriteLine("Receive-Done");
         }
      }
   }

The diagnostic output shows messages being received from one of my other devices.

The thread ” (0x2) has exited with code 0 (0x0).
Receive-Wait

RegIrqFlags 0X50
Receive-Message
Received 23 byte message �LoRaIoT1N3WT 18.8,H 78
Receive-Done
Receive-Wait

The next step was to confirm the interrupt driven reception of messages was working as expected.

   class Program
   {
      static void Main()
      {
#if TINYCLR_V2_SC20100DEV
         Rfm9XDevice rfm9XDevice = new Rfm9XDevice(SC20100.SpiBus.Spi3, SC20100.GpioPin.PA13, SC20100.GpioPin.PA14, SC20100.GpioPin.PE4);
#endif
#if TINYCLR_V2_FEZDUINO
         Rfm9XDevice rfm9XDevice = new Rfm9XDevice(SC20100.SpiBus.Spi6, SC20100.GpioPin.PB1, SC20100.GpioPin.PA15, SC20100.GpioPin.PA1);
#endif

         // Put device into LoRa + Sleep mode
         rfm9XDevice.RegisterWriteByte(0x01, 0b10000000); // RegOpMode 

         // Set the frequency to 915MHz
         byte[] frequencyWriteBytes = { 0xE4, 0xC0, 0x00 }; // RegFrMsb, RegFrMid, RegFrLsb
         rfm9XDevice.RegisterWrite(0x06, frequencyWriteBytes);

         rfm9XDevice.RegisterWriteByte(0x0F, 0x0); // RegFifoRxBaseAddress 

         rfm9XDevice.RegisterWriteByte(0x40, 0b00000000); // RegDioMapping1 0b00000000 DI0 RxReady & TxReady

         rfm9XDevice.RegisterWriteByte(0x01, 0b10000101); // RegOpMode set LoRa & RxContinuous

         rfm9XDevice.RegisterDump();

         Debug.WriteLine("Receive-Wait");
         Thread.Sleep(Timeout.Infinite);
      }
   }

      private void InterruptGpioPin_ValueChanged(GpioPin sender, GpioPinValueChangedEventArgs e)
      {
         if (e.Edge != GpioPinEdge.RisingEdge)
         {
            return;
         }

         byte irqFlags = this.RegisterReadByte(0x12); // RegIrqFlags
         Debug.WriteLine($"RegIrqFlags 0X{irqFlags:x2}");
         if ((irqFlags & 0b01000000) == 0b01000000)  // RxDone 
         {
            Debug.WriteLine("Receive-Message");
            byte currentFifoAddress = this.RegisterReadByte(0x10); // RegFifiRxCurrent
            this.RegisterWriteByte(0x0d, currentFifoAddress); // RegFifoAddrPtr

            byte numberOfBytes = this.RegisterReadByte(0x13); // RegRxNbBytes

            // Get number of bytes in the message
            byte[] messageBytes = this.RegisterRead(0x00, numberOfBytes);

            string messageText = UTF8Encoding.UTF8.GetString(messageBytes);
            Debug.WriteLine($"Received {messageBytes.Length} byte message {messageText}");
         }

         this.RegisterWriteByte(0x12, 0xff);// RegIrqFlags
      }

The diagnostic output shows messages being received from one of my other devices.

The thread '<No Name>' (0x2) has exited with code 0 (0x0).
Receive-Wait
RegIrqFlags 0X50
Receive-Message
Received 23 byte message  �LoRaIoT1N3WT 18.8,H 78
RegIrqFlags 0X50
Receive-Message
Received 23 byte message  �LoRaIoT1N3WT 18.7,H 79

The final step was to confirm the interrupt driven transmission of messages was working as expected.

   class Program
   {
      static void Main()
      {
#if TINYCLR_V2_SC20100DEV
         Rfm9XDevice rfm9XDevice = new Rfm9XDevice(SC20100.SpiBus.Spi3, SC20100.GpioPin.PA13, SC20100.GpioPin.PA14, SC20100.GpioPin.PE4);
#endif
#if TINYCLR_V2_FEZDUINO
         Rfm9XDevice rfm9XDevice = new Rfm9XDevice(SC20100.SpiBus.Spi6, SC20100.GpioPin.PB1, SC20100.GpioPin.PA15, SC20100.GpioPin.PA1); // Doesn't work
#endif
         int SendCount = 0;

         // Put device into LoRa + Sleep mode
         rfm9XDevice.RegisterWriteByte(0x01, 0b10000000); // RegOpMode 

         // Set the frequency to 915MHz
         byte[] frequencyWriteBytes = { 0xE4, 0xC0, 0x00 }; // RegFrMsb, RegFrMid, RegFrLsb
         rfm9XDevice.RegisterWrite(0x06, frequencyWriteBytes);

         // More power PA Boost
         rfm9XDevice.RegisterWriteByte(0x09, 0b10000000); // RegPaConfig

         // Interrupt on TxDone
         rfm9XDevice.RegisterWriteByte(0x40, 0b01000000); // RegDioMapping1 0b00000000 DI0 TxDone

         while (true)
         {
            // Set the Register Fifo address pointer
            rfm9XDevice.RegisterWriteByte(0x0E, 0x00); // RegFifoTxBaseAddress 

            // Set the Register Fifo address pointer
            rfm9XDevice.RegisterWriteByte(0x0D, 0x0); // RegFifoAddrPtr 

            string messageText = $"Hello LoRa {SendCount += 1}!";

            // load the message into the fifo
            byte[] messageBytes = UTF8Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(messageText);
            rfm9XDevice.RegisterWrite(0x0, messageBytes); // RegFifo 

            // Set the length of the message in the fifo
            rfm9XDevice.RegisterWriteByte(0x22, (byte)messageBytes.Length); // RegPayloadLength
            Debug.WriteLine($"Sending {messageBytes.Length} bytes message {messageText}");
            rfm9XDevice.RegisterWriteByte(0x01, 0b10000011); // RegOpMode 

            Thread.Sleep(10000);
         }
      }
   }


private void InterruptGpioPin_ValueChanged(GpioPin sender, GpioPinValueChangedEventArgs e)
      {
         if (e.Edge != GpioPinEdge.RisingEdge)
         {
            return;
         }

         byte irqFlags = this.RegisterReadByte(0x12); // RegIrqFlags
         Debug.WriteLine($"RegIrqFlags 0X{irqFlags:x2}");

         if ((irqFlags & 0b00001000) == 0b00001000)  // TxDone
         {
            Debug.WriteLine("Transmit-Done");
         }

         this.RegisterWriteByte(0x12, 0xff);// RegIrqFlags
      }

The diagnostic output shows messages being sent but after the first message (sometimes the second or third) there are no confirmations.

The thread ” (0x2) has exited with code 0 (0x0).
Sending 13 bytes message Hello LoRa 1!
RegIrqFlags 0X08
Transmit-Done
Sending 13 bytes message Hello LoRa 2!
Sending 13 bytes message Hello LoRa 3!
Sending 13 bytes message Hello LoRa 4!
Sending 13 bytes message Hello LoRa 5!
Sending 13 bytes message Hello LoRa 6!
Sending 13 bytes message Hello LoRa 7!
Sending 13 bytes message Hello LoRa 8!
Sending 13 bytes message Hello LoRa 9!
Sending 14 bytes message Hello LoRa 10!
Sending 14 bytes message Hello LoRa 11!
Sending 14 bytes message Hello LoRa 12!
Sending 14 bytes message Hello LoRa 13!
Sending 14 bytes message Hello LoRa 14!

It looks like something has been broken (possibly by RC1) in my implementation of interrupt driven transmission of messages.

TinyCLR OS V2 RC1 LoRa library Part1

Posted on July 8, 2020 by devmobilenz

The Basics

A week ago a selection of Single Board Computers(SBC) arrived from GHI Electronics. Previously I had been working with a SC20100 Dev board which has mikroBUS Click sockets which limited my peripheral options. There were several different device form factors in the package so I started with a Fezduino and Dragino LoRa shield for Arduino.

Need to be careful not to push the Dragino shield in too far as a couple of the pins (one is not connected and the other is IOREF) will contact the Micro SD card slot. (I have put a strip of Duct tape on the top of the Micro SD card socket)

The first step was to get basic connectivity sorted. I opened the RFM9XLoRa-TinyCLR repository and modified the Serial Peripheral Interface(SPI) and chip select(CS) settings of the ShieldSPI project, then updated the NuGet packages (public feed rather than my local preview files).

I have left the TinyCLR V1 configuration in for backward compatibility

#if TINYCLR_V1_FEZDUINO
            ChipSelectLine = FEZ.GpioPin.D10,
#endif
#if TINYCLR_V2_SC20100DEV
            ChipSelectLine = GHIElectronics.TinyCLR.Devices.Gpio.GpioController.GetDefault().OpenPin(SC20100.GpioPin.PA13),
#endif
#if TINYCLR_V2_FEZDUINO
            ChipSelectLine = GHIElectronics.TinyCLR.Devices.Gpio.GpioController.GetDefault().OpenPin(GHIElectronics.TinyCLR.Pins.SC20100.GpioPin.PB1),
#endif

When I ran the application in Visual Studio I could reliably read the RegVersion register.

The thread '<No Name>' (0x2) has exited with code 0 (0x0).
Value = 0x00-12
Value = 0x00-12
Value = 0x00-12
Value = 0x00-12
Value = 0x00-12
Value = 0x00-12
The program '[5] TinyCLR application: Managed' has exited with code 0 (0x0).

The next step was to modify the RegisterScan project to check I could read all the SX127X configuration registers.

  class Program
   {
      static void Main()
      {
#if TINYCLR_V2_SC20100DEV
         Rfm9XDevice rfm9XDevice = new Rfm9XDevice(SC20100.SpiBus.Spi3, SC20100.GpioPin.PA13);
#endif
#if TINYCLR_V2_FEZDUINO
         Rfm9XDevice rfm9XDevice = new Rfm9XDevice(SC20100.SpiBus.Spi6, SC20100.GpioPin.PB1);
#endif

         while (true)
         {
            for (byte registerIndex = 0; registerIndex <= 0x42; registerIndex++)
            {
               byte registerValue = rfm9XDevice.RegisterReadByte(registerIndex);

               Debug.WriteLine($"Register 0x{registerIndex:x2} - Value 0X{registerValue:x2}");
            }
            Debug.WriteLine("");

            Thread.Sleep(10000);
         }
      }
   }

When I ran the application in Visual Studio I could reliably read the registers 0x00 through 0x42.

The thread '<No Name>' (0x2) has exited with code 0 (0x0).
Register 0x00 - Value 0X00
Register 0x01 - Value 0X09
Register 0x02 - Value 0X1a
Register 0x03 - Value 0X0b
Register 0x04 - Value 0X00
Register 0x05 - Value 0X52
Register 0x06 - Value 0X6c
Register 0x07 - Value 0X80
Register 0x08 - Value 0X00
Register 0x09 - Value 0X4f
Register 0x0a - Value 0X09
Register 0x0b - Value 0X2b
Register 0x0c - Value 0X20
Register 0x0d - Value 0X08
Register 0x0e - Value 0X02
Register 0x0f - Value 0X0a
Register 0x10 - Value 0Xff
Register 0x11 - Value 0X71
Register 0x12 - Value 0X15
Register 0x13 - Value 0X0b
Register 0x14 - Value 0X28
Register 0x15 - Value 0X0c
Register 0x16 - Value 0X12
Register 0x17 - Value 0X47
Register 0x18 - Value 0X32
Register 0x19 - Value 0X3e
Register 0x1a - Value 0X00
Register 0x1b - Value 0X00
Register 0x1c - Value 0X00
Register 0x1d - Value 0X00
Register 0x1e - Value 0X00
Register 0x1f - Value 0X40
Register 0x20 - Value 0X00
Register 0x21 - Value 0X00
Register 0x22 - Value 0X00
Register 0x23 - Value 0X00
Register 0x24 - Value 0X05
Register 0x25 - Value 0X00
Register 0x26 - Value 0X03
Register 0x27 - Value 0X93
Register 0x28 - Value 0X55
Register 0x29 - Value 0X55
Register 0x2a - Value 0X55
Register 0x2b - Value 0X55
Register 0x2c - Value 0X55
Register 0x2d - Value 0X55
Register 0x2e - Value 0X55
Register 0x2f - Value 0X55
Register 0x30 - Value 0X90
Register 0x31 - Value 0X40
Register 0x32 - Value 0X40
Register 0x33 - Value 0X00
Register 0x34 - Value 0X00
Register 0x35 - Value 0X0f
Register 0x36 - Value 0X00
Register 0x37 - Value 0X00
Register 0x38 - Value 0X00
Register 0x39 - Value 0Xf5
Register 0x3a - Value 0X20
Register 0x3b - Value 0X82
Register 0x3c - Value 0Xfb
Register 0x3d - Value 0X02
Register 0x3e - Value 0X80
Register 0x3f - Value 0X40
Register 0x40 - Value 0X00
Register 0x41 - Value 0X00
Register 0x42 - Value 0X12

The next step was to modify the RegisterReadAndWrite project to check I could read and write the SX127X configuration registers.

     class Program
   {
      static void Main()
      {
#if TINYCLR_V2_SC20100DEV
         Rfm9XDevice rfm9XDevice = new Rfm9XDevice(SC20100.SpiBus.Spi3, SC20100.GpioPin.PA13, SC20100.GpioPin.PA14);
#endif
#if TINYCLR_V2_FEZDUINO
         Rfm9XDevice rfm9XDevice = new Rfm9XDevice(SC20100.SpiBus.Spi6, SC20100.GpioPin.PB1, SC20100.GpioPin.PA15);
#endif

         rfm9XDevice.RegisterDump();

         while (true)
         {
            Debug.WriteLine("Read RegOpMode (read byte)");
            Byte regOpMode1 = rfm9XDevice.RegisterReadByte(0x1);
            Debug.WriteLine($"RegOpMode 0x{regOpMode1:x2}");

            Debug.WriteLine("Set LoRa mode and sleep mode (write byte)");
            rfm9XDevice.RegisterWriteByte(0x01, 0b10000000);

            Debug.WriteLine("Read RegOpMode (read byte)");
            Byte regOpMode2 = rfm9XDevice.RegisterReadByte(0x1);
            Debug.WriteLine($"RegOpMode 0x{regOpMode2:x2}");

            Debug.WriteLine("Read the preamble (read word)");
            ushort preamble = rfm9XDevice.RegisterReadWord(0x20);
            Debug.WriteLine($"Preamble 0x{preamble:x2}");

            Debug.WriteLine("Set the preamble to 0x80 (write word)");
            rfm9XDevice.RegisterWriteWord(0x20, 0x80);

            Debug.WriteLine("Read the center frequency (read byte array)");
            byte[] frequencyReadBytes = rfm9XDevice.RegisterRead(0x06, 3);
            Debug.WriteLine($"Frequency Msb 0x{frequencyReadBytes[0]:x2} Mid 0x{frequencyReadBytes[1]:x2} Lsb 0x{frequencyReadBytes[2]:x2}");

            Debug.WriteLine("Set the center frequency to 915MHz (write byte array)");
            byte[] frequencyWriteBytes = { 0xE4, 0xC0, 0x00 };
            rfm9XDevice.RegisterWrite(0x06, frequencyWriteBytes);

            rfm9XDevice.RegisterDump();

            Thread.Sleep(30000);
         }
      }

When I ran the application in Visual Studio I could read and write register values.

The thread '<No Name>' (0x2) has exited with code 0 (0x0).
Register dump
Register 0x00 - Value 0X00
Register 0x01 - Value 0X09
Register 0x02 - Value 0X1a
Register 0x03 - Value 0X0b
Register 0x04 - Value 0X00
Register 0x05 - Value 0X52
Register 0x06 - Value 0X6c
Register 0x07 - Value 0X80
Register 0x08 - Value 0X00
Register 0x09 - Value 0X4f
Register 0x0a - Value 0X09
Register 0x0b - Value 0X2b
Register 0x0c - Value 0X20
Register 0x0d - Value 0X08
Register 0x0e - Value 0X02
Register 0x0f - Value 0X0a
Register 0x10 - Value 0Xff
Register 0x11 - Value 0X71
Register 0x12 - Value 0X15
Register 0x13 - Value 0X0b
Register 0x14 - Value 0X28
Register 0x15 - Value 0X0c
Register 0x16 - Value 0X12
Register 0x17 - Value 0X47
Register 0x18 - Value 0X32
Register 0x19 - Value 0X3e
Register 0x1a - Value 0X00
Register 0x1b - Value 0X00
Register 0x1c - Value 0X00
Register 0x1d - Value 0X00
Register 0x1e - Value 0X00
Register 0x1f - Value 0X40
Register 0x20 - Value 0X00
Register 0x21 - Value 0X00
Register 0x22 - Value 0X00
Register 0x23 - Value 0X00
Register 0x24 - Value 0X05
Register 0x25 - Value 0X00
Register 0x26 - Value 0X03
Register 0x27 - Value 0X93
Register 0x28 - Value 0X55
Register 0x29 - Value 0X55
Register 0x2a - Value 0X55
Register 0x2b - Value 0X55
Register 0x2c - Value 0X55
Register 0x2d - Value 0X55
Register 0x2e - Value 0X55
Register 0x2f - Value 0X55
Register 0x30 - Value 0X90
Register 0x31 - Value 0X40
Register 0x32 - Value 0X40
Register 0x33 - Value 0X00
Register 0x34 - Value 0X00
Register 0x35 - Value 0X0f
Register 0x36 - Value 0X00
Register 0x37 - Value 0X00
Register 0x38 - Value 0X00
Register 0x39 - Value 0Xf5
Register 0x3a - Value 0X20
Register 0x3b - Value 0X82
Register 0x3c - Value 0Xfa
Register 0x3d - Value 0X02
Register 0x3e - Value 0X80
Register 0x3f - Value 0X40
Register 0x40 - Value 0X00
Register 0x41 - Value 0X00
Register 0x42 - Value 0X12
Read RegOpMode (read byte)
RegOpMode 0x09
Set LoRa mode and sleep mode (write byte)
Read RegOpMode (read byte)
RegOpMode 0x80
Read the preamble (read word)
Preamble 0x08
Set the preamble to 0x80 (write word)
Read the center frequency (read byte array)
Frequency Msb 0x6c Mid 0x80 Lsb 0x00
Set the center frequency to 915MHz (write byte array)
Register dump
Register 0x00 - Value 0Xc3
Register 0x01 - Value 0X80
Register 0x02 - Value 0X1a
Register 0x03 - Value 0X0b
Register 0x04 - Value 0X00
Register 0x05 - Value 0X52
Register 0x06 - Value 0Xe4
Register 0x07 - Value 0Xc0
Register 0x08 - Value 0X00
Register 0x09 - Value 0X4f
Register 0x0a - Value 0X09
Register 0x0b - Value 0X2b
Register 0x0c - Value 0X20
Register 0x0d - Value 0X01
Register 0x0e - Value 0X80
Register 0x0f - Value 0X00
Register 0x10 - Value 0X00
Register 0x11 - Value 0X00
Register 0x12 - Value 0X00
Register 0x13 - Value 0X00
Register 0x14 - Value 0X00
Register 0x15 - Value 0X00
Register 0x16 - Value 0X00
Register 0x17 - Value 0X00
Register 0x18 - Value 0X10
Register 0x19 - Value 0X00
Register 0x1a - Value 0X00
Register 0x1b - Value 0X00
Register 0x1c - Value 0X00
Register 0x1d - Value 0X72
Register 0x1e - Value 0X70
Register 0x1f - Value 0X64
Register 0x20 - Value 0X80
Register 0x21 - Value 0X00
Register 0x22 - Value 0X01
Register 0x23 - Value 0Xff
Register 0x24 - Value 0X00
Register 0x25 - Value 0X00
Register 0x26 - Value 0X04
Register 0x27 - Value 0X00
Register 0x28 - Value 0X00
Register 0x29 - Value 0X00
Register 0x2a - Value 0X00
Register 0x2b - Value 0X00
Register 0x2c - Value 0X00
Register 0x2d - Value 0X50
Register 0x2e - Value 0X14
Register 0x2f - Value 0X45
Register 0x30 - Value 0X55
Register 0x31 - Value 0Xc3
Register 0x32 - Value 0X05
Register 0x33 - Value 0X27
Register 0x34 - Value 0X1c
Register 0x35 - Value 0X0a
Register 0x36 - Value 0X03
Register 0x37 - Value 0X0a
Register 0x38 - Value 0X42
Register 0x39 - Value 0X12
Register 0x3a - Value 0X49
Register 0x3b - Value 0X1d
Register 0x3c - Value 0X00
Register 0x3d - Value 0Xaf
Register 0x3e - Value 0X00
Register 0x3f - Value 0X00
Register 0x40 - Value 0X00
Register 0x41 - Value 0X00
Register 0x42 - Value 0X12

At this point I was confident that I could hardware reset the shield and read/modify registers on the SX127X.

RFM9X.NetNF on Netduino

Posted on May 30, 2020 by devmobilenz

After publishing my RFM9X.NetMF library working I noticed a Netduino 3 Wifi sitting at the back of my desk. I have got a few Netduinos and NanoFramework support (as a reference platform) for the Netduino 3 Wifi had caught my attention.

The first step was to get the chip select, reset and Serial Peripheral interface(SPI) configurations sorted. I’m using a Dragino LoRa shield for Arduino and a Netduino 3 Wifi.

The first step was to figure out the configuration using the 00.Shield project. After some experimentation I figured out the SPI port connected to D10-D13 was SPI2 (SPI1 is connected to the MicroSD port)

//---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Copyright (c) April 2020, devMobile Software
//
// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
// You may obtain a copy of the License at
//
//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
//
// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
// limitations under the License.
//
//---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
//#define ESP32_WROOM_32_LORA_1_CHANNEL   //nanoff --target ESP32_WROOM_32 --serialport COM4 --update
#define NETDUINO3_WIFI   // nanoff --target NETDUINO3_WIFI --update
//NOTE May 2020 ST_NUCLEO64_F091RC device doesn't work something broken in SPI configuration
//#define ST_NUCLEO64_F091RC // nanoff --target ST_NUCLEO64_F091RC --update
//#define ST_STM32F429I_DISCOVERY       //nanoff --target ST_STM32F429I_DISCOVERY --update
//NOTE May 2020 ST_STM32F769I_DISCOVERY device doesn't work SPI2 mappings broken 
//#define ST_STM32F769I_DISCOVERY      // nanoff --target ST_STM32F769I_DISCOVERY --update 
namespace devMobile.IoT.Rfm9x.ShieldSPI
{
   using System;
   using System.Diagnostics;
   using System.Threading;

   using Windows.Devices.Gpio;
   using Windows.Devices.Spi;

#if ESP32_WROOM_32_LORA_1_CHANNEL
   using nanoFramework.Hardware.Esp32;
#endif

   public class Program
   {
      private const byte RegVersion = 0x42;
#if ESP32_WROOM_32_LORA_1_CHANNEL
      private const string SpiBusId = "SPI1";
#endif
#if NETDUINO3_WIFI
      private const string SpiBusId = "SPI2";
#endif
#if ST_NUCLEO64_F091RC
      private const string SpiBusId = "SPI1";
#endif
#if ST_STM32F429I_DISCOVERY
      private const string SpiBusId = "SPI5";
#endif
#if ST_STM32F769I_DISCOVERY
      private const string SpiBusId = "SPI5";
#endif

      public static void Main()
      {
#if ESP32_WROOM_32_LORA_1_CHANNEL // No reset line for this device as it isn't connected on SX127X
         int ledPinNumber = Gpio.IO17;
         int chipSelectPinNumber = Gpio.IO16;
#endif
#if NETDUINO3_WIFI
         int ledPinNumber  = PinNumber('A', 10);
         // Arduino D10->PB10
         int chipSelectPinNumber = PinNumber('B', 10);
         // Arduino D9->PE5
         int resetPinNumber = PinNumber('E', 5);
#endif
#if ST_NUCLEO64_F091RC // No LED for this device as driven by D13 the SPI CLK line
         // Arduino D10->PB6
         int chipSelectPinNumber = PinNumber('B', 6);
         // Arduino D9->PC7
         int resetPinNumber = PinNumber('C', 7);
#endif
#if ST_STM32F429I_DISCOVERY // No reset line for this device as I didn't bother with jumper to SX127X pin
         int ledPinNumber  = PinNumber('G', 14);
         int chipSelectPinNumber = PinNumber('C', 2);
#endif
#if ST_STM32F769I_DISCOVERY
         int ledPinNumber  = PinNumber('J', 5);
         // Arduino D10->PA11
         int chipSelectPinNumber = PinNumber('A', 11);
         // Arduino D9->PH6
         int resetPinNumber = PinNumber('H', 6);
#endif
         Debug.WriteLine("devMobile.IoT.Rfm9x.ShieldSPI starting");

         try
         {
            GpioController gpioController = GpioController.GetDefault();

#if NETDUINO3_WIFI|| ST_NUCLEO64_F091RC || ST_STM32F769I_DISCOVERY
            // Setup the reset pin
            GpioPin resetGpioPin = gpioController.OpenPin(resetPinNumber);
            resetGpioPin.SetDriveMode(GpioPinDriveMode.Output);
            resetGpioPin.Write(GpioPinValue.High);
#endif

#if ESP32_WROOM_32_LORA_1_CHANNEL || NETDUINO3_WIFI|| ST_STM32F429I_DISCOVERY || ST_STM32F769I_DISCOVERY
            // Setup the onboard LED
            GpioPin led = gpioController.OpenPin(ledPinNumber);
            led.SetDriveMode(GpioPinDriveMode.Output);
#endif

#if ESP32_WROOM_32_LORA_1_CHANNEL
            Configuration.SetPinFunction(nanoFramework.Hardware.Esp32.Gpio.IO12, DeviceFunction.SPI1_MISO);
            Configuration.SetPinFunction(nanoFramework.Hardware.Esp32.Gpio.IO13, DeviceFunction.SPI1_MOSI);
            Configuration.SetPinFunction(nanoFramework.Hardware.Esp32.Gpio.IO14, DeviceFunction.SPI1_CLOCK);
#endif

            var settings = new SpiConnectionSettings(chipSelectPinNumber)
            {
               ClockFrequency = 500000,
               Mode = SpiMode.Mode0,// From SemTech docs pg 80 CPOL=0, CPHA=0
               SharingMode = SpiSharingMode.Shared,
            };

            using (SpiDevice device = SpiDevice.FromId(SpiBusId, settings))
            {
               Thread.Sleep(500);
            
               while (true)
               {
                  byte[] writeBuffer = new byte[] { RegVersion, 0x0 };
                  byte[] readBuffer = new byte[writeBuffer.Length];

                  device.TransferFullDuplex(writeBuffer, readBuffer);

                  Debug.WriteLine(String.Format("Register 0x{0:x2} - Value 0X{1:x2}", RegVersion, readBuffer[1]));

                  #if ESP32_WROOM_32_LORA_1_CHANNEL|| NETDUINO3_WIFI || ST_STM32F429I_DISCOVERY || ST_STM32F769I_DISCOVERY
                     led.Toggle();
                  #endif
                  Thread.Sleep(10000);
               }
            }
         }
         catch (Exception ex)
         {
            Debug.WriteLine(ex.Message);
         }
      }

#if  NETDUINO3_WIFI || ST_NUCLEO64_F091RC || ST_STM32F429I_DISCOVERY || ST_STM32F769I_DISCOVERY
      static int PinNumber(char port, byte pin)
      {
         if (port < 'A' || port > 'J')
            throw new ArgumentException();

         return ((port - 'A') * 16) + pin;
      }
#endif
   }
}

In the Visual Studio output windows I could see the correct version register value

The thread '<No Name>' (0x2) has exited with code 0 (0x0).
devMobile.IoT.Rfm9x.ShieldSPI starting
Register 0x42 - Value 0X12
Register 0x42 - Value 0X12
...

After checking the configuration of the reset (D9) and interrupt (D2) pins in other test harness programs my final configuration for Rfm9xLoRaDevice client was

//---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Copyright (c) April/May 2020, devMobile Software
//
// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
// You may obtain a copy of the License at
//
//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
//
// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
// limitations under the License.
//
//---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
//#define ADDRESSED_MESSAGES_PAYLOAD
//#define ESP32_WROOM_32_LORA_1_CHANNEL   //nanoff --target ESP32_WROOM_32 --serialport COM4 --update
#define NETDUINO3_WIFI   // nanoff --target NETDUINO3_WIFI --update
//#define ST_STM32F429I_DISCOVERY       //nanoff --target ST_STM32F429I_DISCOVERY --update
namespace devMobile.IoT.Rfm9x.LoRaDeviceClient
{
	using System;
	using System.Diagnostics;
	using System.Text;
	using System.Threading;

#if ESP32_WROOM_32_LORA_1_CHANNEL
	using nanoFramework.Hardware.Esp32;
#endif

	using devMobile.IoT.Rfm9x;

	class Program
	{
		private const double Frequency = 915000000.0;
#if ST_STM32F429I_DISCOVERY
		private const string DeviceName = "Disco429";
		private const string SpiBusId = "SPI5";
#endif
#if ESP32_WROOM_32_LORA_1_CHANNEL
		private const string DeviceName = "ESP32";
		private const string SpiBusId = "SPI1";
#endif
#if NETDUINO3_WIFI
		private const string DeviceName = "N3W";
		private const string SpiBusId = "SPI2";
#endif
#if ADDRESSED_MESSAGES_PAYLOAD
		private const string DeviceName = "LoRaIoT1";
#endif

		static void Main()
		{
			byte MessageCount = System.Byte.MaxValue;
#if ST_STM32F429I_DISCOVERY
			int chipSelectPinNumber = PinNumber('C', 2);
			int resetPinNumber = PinNumber('C', 3);
			int interruptPinNumber = PinNumber('A', 4);
#endif
#if ESP32_WROOM_32_LORA_1_CHANNEL
         int chipSelectPinNumber = Gpio.IO16;
         int interruptPinNumber = Gpio.IO26;

			Configuration.SetPinFunction(Gpio.IO12, DeviceFunction.SPI1_MISO);
			Configuration.SetPinFunction(Gpio.IO13, DeviceFunction.SPI1_MOSI);
			Configuration.SetPinFunction(Gpio.IO14, DeviceFunction.SPI1_CLOCK);

			Rfm9XDevice rfm9XDevice = new Rfm9XDevice(SpiBusId, chipSelectPinNumber, interruptPinNumber);
#endif
#if NETDUINO3_WIFI
			// Arduino D10->PB10
			int chipSelectPinNumber = PinNumber('B', 10);
			// Arduino D9->PE5
			int resetPinNumber = PinNumber('E', 5);
			// Arduino D2->PA3
			int interruptPinNumber = PinNumber('A', 3);
#endif

#if ST_STM32F429I_DISCOVERY || NETDUINO3_WIFI
			Rfm9XDevice rfm9XDevice = new Rfm9XDevice(SpiBusId, chipSelectPinNumber, resetPinNumber, interruptPinNumber);
#endif
			rfm9XDevice.Initialise(Frequency, paBoost: true);

#if DEBUG
			rfm9XDevice.RegisterDump();
#endif

			rfm9XDevice.OnReceive += Rfm9XDevice_OnReceive;
#if ADDRESSED_MESSAGES_PAYLOAD
			rfm9XDevice.Receive(UTF8Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(DeviceName));
#else
			rfm9XDevice.Receive();
#endif
			rfm9XDevice.OnTransmit += Rfm9XDevice_OnTransmit;

			Thread.Sleep(10000);

			while (true)
			{
				string messageText = string.Format("Hello from {0} ! {1}", DeviceName, MessageCount);
				MessageCount -= 1;

				byte[] messageBytes = UTF8Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(messageText);
				Debug.WriteLine(string.Format("{0}-TX {1} byte message {2}", DateTime.UtcNow.ToString("HH:mm:ss"), messageBytes.Length, messageText));
#if ADDRESSED_MESSAGES_PAYLOAD
				rfm9XDevice.Send(UTF8Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(HostName), messageBytes);
#else
				rfm9XDevice.Send(messageBytes);
#endif
				Thread.Sleep(10000);
			}
		}

		private static void Rfm9XDevice_OnReceive(object sender, Rfm9XDevice.OnDataReceivedEventArgs e)
		{
			try
			{
				// Remove unprintable characters from messages
				for (int index = 0; index < e.Data.Length; index++)
				{
					if ((e.Data[index] < 0x20) || (e.Data[index] > 0x7E))
					{
						e.Data[index] = 0x20;
					}
				}

				string messageText = UTF8Encoding.UTF8.GetString(e.Data, 0, e.Data.Length);

#if ADDRESSED_MESSAGES_PAYLOAD
				string addressText = UTF8Encoding.UTF8.GetString(e.Address, 0, e.Address.Length);

				Debug.WriteLine(string.Format(@"{0}-RX From {1} PacketSnr {2} Packet RSSI {3}dBm RSSI {4}dBm ={5} ""{6}""", DateTime.UtcNow.ToString("HH:mm:ss"), addressText, e.PacketSnr, e.PacketRssi, e.Rssi, e.Data.Length, messageText));
#else
				Debug.WriteLine(string.Format(@"{0}-RX PacketSnr {1} Packet RSSI {2}dBm RSSI {3}dBm ={4} ""{5}""", DateTime.UtcNow.ToString("HH:mm:ss"), e.PacketSnr, e.PacketRssi, e.Rssi, e.Data.Length, messageText));
#endif
			}
			catch (Exception ex)
			{
				Debug.WriteLine(ex.Message);
			}
		}

		private static void Rfm9XDevice_OnTransmit(object sender, Rfm9XDevice.OnDataTransmitedEventArgs e)
		{
			Debug.WriteLine(string.Format("{0}-TX Done", DateTime.UtcNow.ToString("HH:mm:ss")));
		}

#if ST_STM32F429I_DISCOVERY || NETDUINO3_WIFI
		static int PinNumber(char port, byte pin)
      {
         if (port < 'A' || port > 'J')
            throw new ArgumentException();

         return ((port - 'A') * 16) + pin;
      }
#endif
	}
}

The sample client could reliable send and receive messages.

The thread '<No Name>' (0x2) has exited with code 0 (0x0).
Register dump
Register 0x00 - Value 0X7A
Register 0x01 - Value 0X80
Register 0x02 - Value 0X1A
Register 0x03 - Value 0X0B
Register 0x04 - Value 0X00
Register 0x05 - Value 0X52
Register 0x06 - Value 0XE4
Register 0x07 - Value 0XC0
Register 0x08 - Value 0X00
Register 0x09 - Value 0XCF
Register 0x0A - Value 0X09
Register 0x0B - Value 0X2B
Register 0x0C - Value 0X20
Register 0x0D - Value 0X01
Register 0x0E - Value 0X80
Register 0x0F - Value 0X00
Register 0x10 - Value 0X00
Register 0x11 - Value 0X00
Register 0x12 - Value 0X00
Register 0x13 - Value 0X00
Register 0x14 - Value 0X00
Register 0x15 - Value 0X00
Register 0x16 - Value 0X00
Register 0x17 - Value 0X00
Register 0x18 - Value 0X10
Register 0x19 - Value 0X00
Register 0x1A - Value 0X00
Register 0x1B - Value 0X00
Register 0x1C - Value 0X00
Register 0x1D - Value 0X72
Register 0x1E - Value 0X70
Register 0x1F - Value 0X64
Register 0x20 - Value 0X00
Register 0x21 - Value 0X08
Register 0x22 - Value 0X01
Register 0x23 - Value 0XFF
Register 0x24 - Value 0X00
Register 0x25 - Value 0X00
Register 0x26 - Value 0X04
Register 0x27 - Value 0X00
Register 0x28 - Value 0X00
Register 0x29 - Value 0X00
Register 0x2A - Value 0X00
Register 0x2B - Value 0X00
Register 0x2C - Value 0X00
Register 0x2D - Value 0X50
Register 0x2E - Value 0X14
Register 0x2F - Value 0X45
Register 0x30 - Value 0X55
Register 0x31 - Value 0XC3
Register 0x32 - Value 0X05
Register 0x33 - Value 0X27
Register 0x34 - Value 0X1C
Register 0x35 - Value 0X0A
Register 0x36 - Value 0X03
Register 0x37 - Value 0X0A
Register 0x38 - Value 0X42
Register 0x39 - Value 0X12
Register 0x3A - Value 0X49
Register 0x3B - Value 0X1D
Register 0x3C - Value 0X00
Register 0x3D - Value 0XAF
Register 0x3E - Value 0X00
Register 0x3F - Value 0X00
Register 0x40 - Value 0X00
Register 0x41 - Value 0X00
Register 0x42 - Value 0X12
00:00:25-TX 20 byte message Hello from N3W ! 255
00:00:25-TX Done
00:00:35-TX 20 byte message Hello from N3W ! 254
00:00:35-TX Done
00:00:45-TX 20 byte message Hello from N3W ! 253
00:00:45-TX Done
00:00:46-RX PacketSnr 9.50 Packet RSSI -70dBm RSSI -110dBm =59 " LoRaIoT1Maduino2at 43.9,ah 75,wsa 1,wsg 2,wd 36.00,r 0.00,"
00:00:55-TX 20 byte message Hello from N3W ! 252
00:00:55-TX Done
00:01:05-TX 20 byte message Hello from N3W ! 251
00:01:05-TX Done

Overall the process was fairly painless and helped identify a bug in the configuration of the Mode register in one of the test harness applications.

RFM9X.NetNF on Github

Posted on May 8, 2020 by devmobilenz

The source code of my nanoFramework RFM9X/SX127X library is now available on GitHub. One test harness uses an STM32F429 Discovery and a dragino technology LoRa shield for Arduino with some jumper wires.

STM32F429 Discovery kit with Dragino Shield

The other uses Sparkfun LoRa Gateway 1 Channel ESP32 for a LoRaWAN.

A sample application which shows how to send/receive address/un-addressed payloads.

//---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Copyright (c) April/May 2020, devMobile Software
//
// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
// You may obtain a copy of the License at
//
//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
//
// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
// limitations under the License.
//
//---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
//#define ADDRESSED_MESSAGES_PAYLOAD
#define ST_STM32F429I_DISCOVERY       //nanoff --target ST_STM32F429I_DISCOVERY --update
//#define ESP32_WROOM_32_LORA_1_CHANNEL   //nanoff --target ESP32_WROOM_32 --serialport COM4 --update
namespace devMobile.IoT.Rfm9x.LoRaDeviceClient
{
	using System;
	using System.Text;
	using System.Threading;

#if ESP32_WROOM_32_LORA_1_CHANNEL
	using nanoFramework.Hardware.Esp32;
#endif

	using devMobile.IoT.Rfm9x;

	class Program
	{
		const double Frequency = 915000000.0;
#if ST_STM32F429I_DISCOVERY
		private const string SpiBusId = "SPI5";
#endif
#if ESP32_WROOM_32_LORA_1_CHANNEL
		private const string SpiBusId = "SPI1";
#endif

		static void Main()
		{
			byte MessageCount = System.Byte.MaxValue;
#if ADDRESSED_MESSAGES_PAYLOAD
			const string HostName = "ESP32LoRa";
			const string DeviceName = "LoRaIoT1";
#else
			const string DeviceName = "ESP32LoRa";
#endif
#if ST_STM32F429I_DISCOVERY
			int chipSelectPinNumber = PinNumber('C', 2);
			int resetPinNumber = PinNumber('C', 3);
			int interruptPinNumber = PinNumber('A', 4);
#endif
#if ESP32_WROOM_32_LORA_1_CHANNEL
         int chipSelectPinNumber = Gpio.IO16;
         int interruptPinNumber = Gpio.IO26;

			Configuration.SetPinFunction(Gpio.IO12, DeviceFunction.SPI1_MISO);
			Configuration.SetPinFunction(Gpio.IO13, DeviceFunction.SPI1_MOSI);
			Configuration.SetPinFunction(Gpio.IO14, DeviceFunction.SPI1_CLOCK);

			Rfm9XDevice rfm9XDevice = new Rfm9XDevice(SpiBusId, chipSelectPinNumber, interruptPinNumber);
#endif
#if ST_STM32F429I_DISCOVERY
			Rfm9XDevice rfm9XDevice = new Rfm9XDevice(SpiBusId, chipSelectPinNumber, resetPinNumber, interruptPinNumber);
#endif
			rfm9XDevice.Initialise(Frequency, paBoost: true, rxPayloadCrcOn: true);

#if DEBUG
			rfm9XDevice.RegisterDump();
#endif

			rfm9XDevice.OnReceive += Rfm9XDevice_OnReceive;
#if ADDRESSED_MESSAGES_PAYLOAD
			rfm9XDevice.Receive(UTF8Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(DeviceName));
#else
			rfm9XDevice.Receive();
#endif
			rfm9XDevice.OnTransmit += Rfm9XDevice_OnTransmit;

			Thread.Sleep(10000);

			while (true)
			{
				string messageText = string.Format("Hello from {0} ! {1}", DeviceName, MessageCount);
				MessageCount -= 1;

				byte[] messageBytes = UTF8Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(messageText);
				Console.WriteLine(string.Format("{0}-TX {1} byte message {2}", DateTime.UtcNow.ToString("HH:mm:ss"), messageBytes.Length, messageText));
#if ADDRESSED_MESSAGES_PAYLOAD
				rfm9XDevice.Send(UTF8Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(HostName), messageBytes);
#else
				rfm9XDevice.Send(messageBytes);
#endif
				Thread.Sleep(10000);
			}
		}

		private static void Rfm9XDevice_OnReceive(object sender, Rfm9XDevice.OnDataReceivedEventArgs e)
		{
			try
			{
				// Remove unprintable characters from messages
				for (int index = 0; index < e.Data.Length; index++)
				{
					if ((e.Data[index] < 0x20) || (e.Data[index] > 0x7E))
					{
						e.Data[index] = 0x20;
					}
				}

				string messageText = UTF8Encoding.UTF8.GetString(e.Data, 0, e.Data.Length);

#if ADDRESSED_MESSAGES_PAYLOAD
				string addressText = UTF8Encoding.UTF8.GetString(e.Address, 0, e.Address.Length);

				Console.WriteLine(string.Format(@"{0}-RX From {1} PacketSnr {2} Packet RSSI {3}dBm RSSI {4}dBm ={5} ""{6}""", DateTime.UtcNow.ToString("HH:mm:ss"), addressText, e.PacketSnr, e.PacketRssi, e.Rssi, e.Data.Length, messageText));
#else
				Console.WriteLine(string.Format(@"{0}-RX PacketSnr {1} Packet RSSI {2}dBm RSSI {3}dBm ={4} ""{5}""", DateTime.UtcNow.ToString("HH:mm:ss"), e.PacketSnr, e.PacketRssi, e.Rssi, e.Data.Length, messageText));
#endif
			}
			catch (Exception ex)
			{
				Console.WriteLine(ex.Message);
			}
		}

		private static void Rfm9XDevice_OnTransmit(object sender, Rfm9XDevice.OnDataTransmitedEventArgs e)
		{
			Console.WriteLine( string.Format("{0}-TX Done", DateTime.UtcNow.ToString("HH:mm:ss")));
		}

#if ST_STM32F429I_DISCOVERY
      static int PinNumber(char port, byte pin)
      {
         if (port < 'A' || port > 'J')
            throw new ArgumentException();

         return ((port - 'A') * 16) + pin;
      }
#endif
	}
}

The library works but should be treated as early beta.

nanoFramework LoRa library Part6

Posted on May 6, 2020 by devmobilenz

Transmit and Receive with Interrupts

For the final revision my nanoFramework SX127X Library test harness I checked interrupts were working for the interleaved transmission and reception of messages.

      private void InterruptGpioPin_ValueChanged(object sender, GpioPinValueChangedEventArgs e)
      {
         if (e.Edge != GpioPinEdge.RisingEdge)
         {
            return;
         }

         byte irqFlags = this.RegisterReadByte(0x12); // RegIrqFlags
         Console.WriteLine($"RegIrqFlags 0X{irqFlags:x2}");

         if ((irqFlags & 0b01000000) == 0b01000000)  // RxDone 
         {
            Console.WriteLine("Receive-Message");
            byte currentFifoAddress = this.RegisterReadByte(0x10); // RegFifiRxCurrent
            this.RegisterWriteByte(0x0d, currentFifoAddress); // RegFifoAddrPtr

            byte numberOfBytes = this.RegisterReadByte(0x13); // RegRxNbBytes

            // Allocate buffer for message
            byte[] messageBytes = this.RegisterRead(0X0, numberOfBytes);

            // Remove unprintable characters from messages
            for (int index = 0; index < messageBytes.Length; index++)
            {
               if ((messageBytes[index] < 0x20) || (messageBytes[index] > 0x7E))
               {
                  messageBytes[index] = 0x20;
               }
            }

            string messageText = UTF8Encoding.UTF8.GetString(messageBytes,0, messageBytes.Length);
            Console.WriteLine($"Received {messageBytes.Length} byte message {messageText}");
         }

         if ((irqFlags & 0b00001000) == 0b00001000)  // TxDone
         {
            this.RegisterWriteByte(0x01, 0b10000101); // RegOpMode set LoRa & RxContinuous
            Console.WriteLine("Transmit-Done");
         }

         this.RegisterWriteByte(0x40, 0b00000000); // RegDioMapping1 0b00000000 DI0 RxReady & TxReady
         this.RegisterWriteByte(0x12, 0xff);// RegIrqFlags
      }

…
class Program
{
      static void Main()
      {
         int SendCount = 0;
#if ST_STM32F429I_DISCOVERY
         int chipSelectPinNumber = PinNumber('C', 2);
         int resetPinNumber = PinNumber('C', 3);
         int interruptPinNumber = PinNumber('A', 4);
#endif
#if ESP32_WROOM_32_LORA_1_CHANNEL
         int chipSelectPinNumber = Gpio.IO16;
         int interruptPinNumber = Gpio.IO26;
#endif

         try
         {
#if ESP32_WROOM_32_LORA_1_CHANNEL
            Configuration.SetPinFunction(Gpio.IO12, DeviceFunction.SPI1_MISO);
            Configuration.SetPinFunction(Gpio.IO13, DeviceFunction.SPI1_MOSI);
            Configuration.SetPinFunction(Gpio.IO14, DeviceFunction.SPI1_CLOCK);
            Rfm9XDevice rfm9XDevice = new Rfm9XDevice(SpiBusId, chipSelectPinNumber, interruptPinNumber);
#endif
#if ST_STM32F429I_DISCOVERY
            Rfm9XDevice rfm9XDevice = new Rfm9XDevice(SpiBusId, chipSelectPinNumber, resetPinNumber, interruptPinNumber);
#endif
            Thread.Sleep(500);

            // Put device into LoRa + Standby mode
            rfm9XDevice.RegisterWriteByte(0x01, 0b10000000); // RegOpMode 

            // Set the frequency to 915MHz
            byte[] frequencyWriteBytes = { 0xE4, 0xC0, 0x00 }; // RegFrMsb, RegFrMid, RegFrLsb
            rfm9XDevice.RegisterWrite(0x06, frequencyWriteBytes);

            // More power PA Boost
            rfm9XDevice.RegisterWriteByte(0x09, 0b10000000); // RegPaConfig

            // Interrupt on TxDone
            rfm9XDevice.RegisterWriteByte(0x40, 0b01000000); // RegDioMapping1 0b00000000 DI0 TxDone

            while (true)
            {
               // Set the Register Fifo address pointer
               rfm9XDevice.RegisterWriteByte(0x0E, 0x00); // RegFifoTxBaseAddress 

               // Set the Register Fifo address pointer
               rfm9XDevice.RegisterWriteByte(0x0D, 0x0); // RegFifoAddrPtr 

               string messageText = $"Hello LoRa {SendCount += 1}!";

               // load the message into the fifo
               byte[] messageBytes = UTF8Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(messageText);
               rfm9XDevice.RegisterWrite(0x0, messageBytes); // RegFifo 

               // Set the length of the message in the fifo
               rfm9XDevice.RegisterWriteByte(0x22, (byte)messageBytes.Length); // RegPayloadLength
               Console.WriteLine($"Sending {messageBytes.Length} bytes message {messageText}");
               rfm9XDevice.RegisterWriteByte(0x01, 0b10000011); // RegOpMode 

               Thread.Sleep(10000);
            }
         }
         catch (Exception ex)
         {
            Console.WriteLine(ex.Message);
         }
      }

The diagnostic output shows inbound and outbound messages

'nanoFramework.Tools.VS2019.Extension.dll' (Managed): Loaded 'C:\Users\BrynLewis\source\repos\RFM9X.NetNF\packages\nanoFramework.Hardware.Esp32.1.2.1-preview.10\lib\nanoFramework.Hardware.Esp32.dll', Symbols loaded.
The thread '<No Name>' (0x2) has exited with code 0 (0x0).
Sending 13 bytes message Hello LoRa 1!
RegIrqFlags 0X08
Transmit-Done
RegIrqFlags 0X50
Receive-Message
Received 17 byte message HeLoRa World! 136
Sending 13 bytes message Hello LoRa 2!
RegIrqFlags 0X08
Transmit-Done
RegIrqFlags 0X50
Receive-Message
Received 17 byte message HeLoRa World! 138
Sending 13 bytes message Hello LoRa 3!
RegIrqFlags 0X08
Transmit-Done
RegIrqFlags 0X50
Receive-Message
Received 17 byte message HeLoRa World! 140

20:32:58.079 -> Sending HeLoRa World! 134
20:33:04.553 -> Message: Hello LoRa 1!
20:33:04.553 -> Length: 13
20:33:04.587 -> FirstChar: 72
20:33:04.587 -> RSSI: -52
20:33:04.587 -> Snr: 9.50
20:33:04.622 -> 
20:33:08.137 -> Sending HeLoRa World! 136
20:33:14.568 -> Message: Hello LoRa 2!
20:33:14.568 -> Length: 13
20:33:14.602 -> FirstChar: 72
20:33:14.602 -> RSSI: -53
20:33:14.602 -> Snr: 9.75
20:33:14.635 -> 
20:33:19.135 -> Sending HeLoRa World! 138
20:33:24.560 -> Message: Hello LoRa 3!
20:33:24.560 -> Length: 13
20:33:24.594 -> FirstChar: 72
20:33:24.594 -> RSSI: -52
20:33:24.594 -> Snr: 9.25
20:33:24.628 ->

There did appear to be some oddness (leading to corrupted first message) with the RegOpMode setting(0b10000000 vs. 0b10000001) for my STM32F429 Discovery and Sparkfun LoRa Gateway 1 Channel ESP32.

I think it maybe due to the Discovery having the rest line connected but unlike the Sparkfun LoRa Gateway.

nanoFramework LoRa library Part5

Posted on May 5, 2020 by devmobilenz

Receive Basic

This code implements the reception of messages builds on my transmit basic sample. I had to add a simple for loop to replace un-printable characters in the received message with spaces as nanoFramework UTF8Encoding.UTF8.GetString was throwing exceptions.

23:06:19.172 -> Sending HeLoRa World! 94
23:06:29.556 -> Sending HeLoRa World! 96
23:06:40.274 -> Sending HeLoRa World! 98
23:06:51.064 -> Sending HeLoRa World! 100
23:07:02.012 -> Sending HeLoRa World! 102
23:07:12.534 -> Sending HeLoRa World! 104
23:07:17.657 -> Message: ⸮LoRaIoT1Maduino2at 50.2,ah 90,wsa 4,wsg 11,wd 184.13,r 0.00,
23:07:17.725 -> Length: 61
23:07:17.725 -> FirstChar: 136
23:07:17.793 -> RSSI: -81
23:07:17.793 -> Snr: 9.50
23:07:17.793 -> 
23:07:23.216 -> Sending HeLoRa World! 106
23:07:34.228 -> Sending HeLoRa World! 108
23:07:44.907 -> Sending HeLoRa World! 110
23:07:55.930 -> Sending HeLoRa World! 112

For testing this code I used the same version of the LoRaSetSyncWord example as Transmit Basic

   class Program
   {
#if ST_STM32F429I_DISCOVERY
      private const string SpiBusId = "SPI5";
#endif
#if ESP32_WROOM_32_LORA_1_CHANNEL
      private const string SpiBusId = "SPI1";
#endif

      static void Main()
      {
#if ST_STM32F429I_DISCOVERY
         int chipSelectPinNumber = PinNumber('C', 2);
         int resetPinNumber = PinNumber('C', 3);
#endif
#if ESP32_WROOM_32_LORA_1_CHANNEL
         int chipSelectPinNumber = Gpio.IO16;
#endif

         try
         {
#if ESP32_WROOM_32_LORA_1_CHANNEL
            Configuration.SetPinFunction(Gpio.IO12, DeviceFunction.SPI1_MISO);
            Configuration.SetPinFunction(Gpio.IO13, DeviceFunction.SPI1_MOSI);
            Configuration.SetPinFunction(Gpio.IO14, DeviceFunction.SPI1_CLOCK);
            Rfm9XDevice rfm9XDevice = new Rfm9XDevice(SpiBusId, chipSelectPinNumber);
#endif
#if ST_STM32F429I_DISCOVERY
            Rfm9XDevice rfm9XDevice = new Rfm9XDevice(SpiBusId, chipSelectPinNumber, resetPinNumber);
#endif
             Thread.Sleep(500);

            // Put device into LoRa + Sleep mode
            rfm9XDevice.RegisterWriteByte(0x01, 0b10000000); // RegOpMode 

            // Set the frequency to 915MHz
            byte[] frequencyWriteBytes = { 0xE4, 0xC0, 0x00 }; // RegFrMsb, RegFrMid, RegFrLsb
            rfm9XDevice.RegisterWrite(0x06, frequencyWriteBytes);

            rfm9XDevice.RegisterWriteByte(0x0F, 0x0); // RegFifoRxBaseAddress 

            rfm9XDevice.RegisterWriteByte(0x01, 0b10000101); // RegOpMode set LoRa & RxContinuous

            while (true)
            {
               // Wait until a packet is received, no timeouts in PoC
               Console.WriteLine("Receive-Wait");
               byte irqFlags = rfm9XDevice.RegisterReadByte(0x12); // RegIrqFlags
               while ((irqFlags & 0b01000000) == 0)  // wait until RxDone cleared
               {
                  Thread.Sleep(100);
                  irqFlags = rfm9XDevice.RegisterReadByte(0x12); // RegIrqFlags
                  Console.Write(".");
               }
               Console.WriteLine("");
               Console.WriteLine($"RegIrqFlags 0X{irqFlags:X2}");
               Console.WriteLine("Receive-Message");
               byte currentFifoAddress = rfm9XDevice.RegisterReadByte(0x10); // RegFifiRxCurrent
               rfm9XDevice.RegisterWriteByte(0x0d, currentFifoAddress); // RegFifoAddrPtr

               byte numberOfBytes = rfm9XDevice.RegisterReadByte(0x13); // RegRxNbBytes

               byte[] messageBytes = rfm9XDevice.RegisterRead(0x00, numberOfBytes); // RegFifo

               rfm9XDevice.RegisterWriteByte(0x0d, 0);
               rfm9XDevice.RegisterWriteByte(0x12, 0b11111111); // RegIrqFlags clear all the bits

               // Remove unprintable characters from messages
               for( int index = 0; index < messageBytes.Length; index++)
               {
                  if ((messageBytes[index] < 0x20) || (messageBytes[index] > 0x7E))
                  {
                     messageBytes[index] = 0x20;
                  }
               }

               string messageText = UTF8Encoding.UTF8.GetString(messageBytes, 0, messageBytes.Length);
               Console.WriteLine($"Received {messageBytes.Length} byte message {messageText}");

               Console.WriteLine("Receive-Done");
            }
         }
         catch (Exception ex)
         {
            Console.WriteLine(ex.Message);
         }
      }

#if ST_STM32F429I_DISCOVERY
      static int PinNumber(char port, byte pin)
      {
         if (port < 'A' || port > 'J')
            throw new ArgumentException();

         return ((port - 'A') * 16) + pin;
      }
#endif
   }

The receive code works reliably but has no error detection or correction capability.

The thread '<No Name>' (0x2) has exited with code 0 (0x0).
Receive-Wait
................................................................
RegIrqFlags 0X50
Receive-Message
Received 17 byte message HeLoRa World! 114
Receive-Done
Receive-Wait
.......................................................................................................
RegIrqFlags 0X50
Receive-Message
Received 17 byte message HeLoRa World! 116
Receive-Done
Receive-Wait
.....................
RegIrqFlags 0X50
Receive-Message
Received 60 byte message  LoRaIoT1Maduino2at 50.2,ah 90,wsa 3,wsg 5,wd 178.50,r 0.00,
Receive-Done
Receive-Wait
.......................................................................................
RegIrqFlags 0X50
Receive-Message
Received 17 byte message HeLoRa World! 118
Receive-Done
Receive-Wait

I will look at implementing some sort of carrier-sense multiple access with collision avoidance solution to reduce the number of corrupted messages when two (or possibly more devices) transmit at the same time.

devMobile's blog

Random wanderings through Microsoft Azure, Windows 10 Iot Core, .Net Micro Framework, .Net Nano Framework and GHI Electronics TinyCLR

Tag Archives: RFM98