Tag Archives: RFM98

Moteino M0 Payload Addressing client

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Last week a package arrived from LowPowerLab with some Moteino0 devices and accessories . With this gear I have built yet another client for my Azure IoT Hub and AdaFruit.IOLoRa Field Gateways.

It took me a while longer that usual to get the Motenio working as the sketch setup call appeared to hang in DEBUG builds.

After staring at the code for a while I noticed that I hadn’t changed LoRa.dumpRegisters method parameter from Serial to SerialUSB. A couple of hours lost due to a dumb typo by me.

Now that the device is running well, I’ll look at reducing power consumption and splitting the the payload packing code into a library.

/*
  Copyright ® 2018 November devMobile Software, All Rights Reserved

  THIS CODE AND INFORMATION IS PROVIDED "AS IS" WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY
  KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE
  IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND/OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
  PURPOSE.

  You can do what you want with this code, acknowledgment would be nice.

  http://www.devmobile.co.nz

*/
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <avr/dtostrf.h>
#include <LoRa.h>
#include <TH02_dev.h>

//#define DEBUG
//#define DEBUG_TELEMETRY
//#define DEBUG_LORA

// LoRa field gateway configuration (these settings must match your field gateway)
const char FieldGatewayAddress[] = {"LoRaIoT1"};
const char DeviceAddress[] = {"Moteino01"};
const float FieldGatewayFrequency =  915000000.0;
const byte FieldGatewaySyncWord = 0x12 ;

// Payload configuration
const int ChipSelectPin = A2;
const int InterruptPin = 9;
const int ResetPin = -1;

// LoRa radio payload configuration
const byte SensorIdValueSeperator = ' ' ;
const byte SensorReadingSeperator = ',' ;
const int LoopSleepDelaySeconds = 10 ;

const byte PayloadSizeMaximum = 64 ;
byte payload[PayloadSizeMaximum];
byte payloadLength = 0 ;


void setup()
{
  SerialUSB.begin(9600);
#ifdef DEBUG
  while (!SerialUSB);
#endif
  SerialUSB.println("Setup called");

  SerialUSB.println("LoRa setup start");
  
  // override the default chip select and reset pins
  LoRa.setPins( ChipSelectPin, ResetPin, InterruptPin ); 
  if (!LoRa.begin(FieldGatewayFrequency))
  {
    SerialUSB.println("LoRa begin failed");
    while (true); // Drop into endless loop requiring restart
  }

  // Need to do this so field gateways pays attention to messsages from this device
  LoRa.enableCrc();
  LoRa.setSyncWord(FieldGatewaySyncWord);

#ifdef DEBUG_LORA
  LoRa.dumpRegisters(USBSerial);
#endif
  SerialUSB.println("LoRa Setup done.");

  // Configure the Seeedstudio TH02 temperature & humidity sensor
  SerialUSB.println("TH02 setup start");
  TH02.begin();
  delay(100);
  SerialUSB.println("TH02 setup done");

  PayloadHeader((byte*)FieldGatewayAddress,strlen(FieldGatewayAddress), (byte*)DeviceAddress, strlen(DeviceAddress));

  SerialUSB.println("Setup done");
  SerialUSB.println();
}


void loop()
{
  float temperature ;
  float humidity ;

  SerialUSB.println("Loop called");

  PayloadReset();

  // Read the temperature & humidity & battery voltage values then display nicely
  temperature = TH02.ReadTemperature();
  SerialUSB.print("T:");
  SerialUSB.print( temperature, 1 ) ;
  SerialUSB.println( "C " ) ;

  PayloadAdd( "T", temperature, 1);

  humidity = TH02.ReadHumidity();
  SerialUSB.print("H:");
  SerialUSB.print( humidity, 0 ) ;
  SerialUSB.println( "% " ) ;

  PayloadAdd( "H", humidity, 0) ;

#ifdef DEBUG_TELEMETRY
  SerialUSB.println();
  SerialUSB.print( "RFM9X/SX127X Payload length:");
  SerialUSB.print( payloadLength );
  SerialUSB.println( " bytes" );
#endif

  LoRa.beginPacket();
  LoRa.write( payload, payloadLength );
  LoRa.endPacket();

  SerialUSB.println("Loop done");
  SerialUSB.println();
  delay(LoopSleepDelaySeconds * 1000l);
}


void PayloadHeader( byte *to, byte toAddressLength, byte *from, byte fromAddressLength)
{
  byte addressesLength = toAddressLength + fromAddressLength ;

#ifdef DEBUG_TELEMETRY
  SerialUSB.println("PayloadHeader- ");
  SerialUSB.print( "To Address len:");
  SerialUSB.print( toAddressLength );
  SerialUSB.print( " From Address len:");
  SerialUSB.print( fromAddressLength );
  SerialUSB.print( " Addresses length:");
  SerialUSB.print( addressesLength );
  SerialUSB.println( );
#endif

  payloadLength = 0 ;

  // prepare the payload header with "To" Address length (top nibble) and "From" address length (bottom nibble)
  payload[payloadLength] = (toAddressLength << 4) | fromAddressLength ;
  payloadLength += 1;

  // Copy the "To" address into payload
  memcpy(&payload[payloadLength], to, toAddressLength);
  payloadLength += toAddressLength ;

  // Copy the "From" into payload
  memcpy(&payload[payloadLength], from, fromAddressLength);
  payloadLength += fromAddressLength ;
}


void PayloadAdd( const char *sensorId, float value, byte decimalPlaces)
{
  byte sensorIdLength = strlen( sensorId ) ;

#ifdef DEBUG_TELEMETRY
  SerialUSB.println("PayloadAdd-float ");
  SerialUSB.print( "SensorId:");
  SerialUSB.print( sensorId );
  SerialUSB.print( " sensorIdLen:");
  SerialUSB.print( sensorIdLength );
  SerialUSB.print( " Value:");
  SerialUSB.print( value, decimalPlaces );
  SerialUSB.print( " payloadLength:");
  SerialUSB.print( payloadLength);
#endif

  memcpy( &payload[payloadLength], sensorId,  sensorIdLength) ;
  payloadLength += sensorIdLength ;
  payload[ payloadLength] = SensorIdValueSeperator;
  payloadLength += 1 ;
  payloadLength += strlen( dtostrf(value, -1, decimalPlaces, (char *)&payload[payloadLength]));
  payload[ payloadLength] = SensorReadingSeperator;
  payloadLength += 1 ;
  
#ifdef DEBUG_TELEMETRY
  SerialUSB.print( " payloadLength:");
  SerialUSB.print( payloadLength);
  SerialUSB.println( );
#endif
}


void PayloadAdd( const char *sensorId, int value )
{
  byte sensorIdLength = strlen( sensorId ) ;

#ifdef DEBUG_TELEMETRY
  SerialUSB.println("PayloadAdd-int ");
  SerialUSB.print( "SensorId:");
  SerialUSB.print( sensorId );
  SerialUSB.print( " sensorIdLen:");
  SerialUSB.print( sensorIdLength );
  SerialUSB.print( " Value:");
  SerialUSB.print( value );
  SerialUSB.print( " payloadLength:");
  SerialUSB.print( payloadLength);
#endif  

  memcpy( &payload[payloadLength], sensorId,  sensorIdLength) ;
  payloadLength += sensorIdLength ;
  payload[ payloadLength] = SensorIdValueSeperator;
  payloadLength += 1 ;
  payloadLength += strlen( itoa( value,(char *)&payload[payloadLength],10));
  payload[ payloadLength] = SensorReadingSeperator;
  payloadLength += 1 ;
  
#ifdef DEBUG_TELEMETRY
  SerialUSB.print( " payloadLength:");
  SerialUSB.print( payloadLength);
  SerialUSB.println( );
#endif
}


void PayloadAdd( const char *sensorId, unsigned int value )
{
  byte sensorIdLength = strlen( sensorId ) ;

#ifdef DEBUG_TELEMETRY
  SerialUSB.println("PayloadAdd-unsigned int ");
  SerialUSB.print( "SensorId:");
  SerialUSB.print( sensorId );
  SerialUSB.print( " sensorIdLen:");
  SerialUSB.print( sensorIdLength );
  SerialUSB.print( " Value:");
  SerialUSB.print( value );
  SerialUSB.print( " payloadLength:");
  SerialUSB.print( payloadLength);
#endif  

  memcpy( &payload[payloadLength], sensorId,  sensorIdLength) ;
  payloadLength += sensorIdLength ;
  payload[ payloadLength] = SensorIdValueSeperator;
  payloadLength += 1 ;
  payloadLength += strlen( utoa( value,(char *)&payload[payloadLength],10));
  payload[ payloadLength] = SensorReadingSeperator;
  payloadLength += 1 ;

#ifdef DEBUG_TELEMETRY
  SerialUSB.print( " payloadLength:");
  SerialUSB.print( payloadLength);
  SerialUSB.println( );
#endif
}


void PayloadReset()
{
  byte fromAddressLength = payload[0] & 0xf ;
  byte toAddressLength = payload[0] >> 4 ;
  byte addressesLength = toAddressLength + fromAddressLength ;

  payloadLength = addressesLength + 1;

#ifdef DEBUG_TELEMETRY
  SerialUSB.println("PayloadReset- ");
  SerialUSB.print( "To Address len:");
  SerialUSB.print( toAddressLength );
  SerialUSB.print( " From Address len:");
  SerialUSB.print( fromAddressLength );
  SerialUSB.print( " Addresses length:");
  SerialUSB.print( addressesLength );
  SerialUSB.println( );
#endif
}
Azure IoT Central

Bill of materials (prices as at November 2018)

  • Moteino M0 USD34.95
  • Seeedstudio Temperature and Humidity Sensor Pro USD11.50
  • Seeedstudio 4 pin Male Jumper to Grove 4 pin Conversion Cable USD2.90

Wisen Whisper Node – LoRa 915 MHz Payload Addressing Client

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This is a demo Wizen Whisper Node – LoRa client (based on one of the examples from Arduino-LoRa) that uploads telemetry data to my Windows 10 IoT Core on Raspberry PI field gateway proof of concept(PoC).

The Wisen Bitbucket repository had sample code based on the RadioHead library which was useful for port numbers. This device family supports 433MHz, 868MHz & 915Mz modules. Wisen has other RFM69 based devices as well.

Bill of materials (Prices Sep 2018)

  • Wizen Whisper Node LoRa (433, 868 or 900 MHz) AUD27.90
  • Seeedstudio Temperature and Humidity Sensor Pro USD11.50
  • Seeedstudio 4 pin Male Jumper to Grove 4 pin Conversion Cable USD2.90

The code is pretty basic, it reads a value from the Seeedstudio temperature and humidity sensor, then packs the payload and sets the necessary RFM9X/SX127X LoRa module configuration. It has no power conservation, advanced wireless configuration etc.

I needed to use jumpers to connect my device up

WisenPatch20180924

WisenLoRa20180924

/*
  Adapted from LoRa Duplex communication with Sync Word

  Sends temperature & humidity data from Seeedstudio 

  https://www.seeedstudio.com/Grove-Temperature-Humidity-Sensor-High-Accuracy-Min-p-1921.html

  To my Windows 10 IoT Core RFM 9X library

  https://blog.devmobile.co.nz/2018/09/03/rfm9x-iotcore-payload-addressing/

*/
#include               // include libraries
#include
#include
const int csPin = 10;          // LoRa radio chip select
const int resetPin = 7;       // LoRa radio reset
const int irqPin = 2;         // change for your board; must be a hardware interrupt pin

// Field gateway configuration
const char FieldGatewayAddress[] = "LoRaIoT1";
const float FieldGatewayFrequency =  915000000.0;
const byte FieldGatewaySyncWord = 0x12 ;

// Payload configuration
const int PayloadSizeMaximum = 64 ;
byte payload[PayloadSizeMaximum] = "";
const byte SensorReadingSeperator = ',' ;

// Manual serial number configuration
const char DeviceId[] = {"Wisen01"};

const int LoopSleepDelaySeconds = 10 ;

void setup() {
  Serial.begin(9600);
  //while (!Serial);

  Serial.println("LoRa Setup");

  // override the default CS, reset, and IRQ pins (optional)
  LoRa.setPins(csPin, resetPin, irqPin);// set CS, reset, IRQ pin

  if (!LoRa.begin(FieldGatewayFrequency))
  {
    Serial.println("LoRa init failed. Check your connections.");
    while (true);
  }

  // Need to do this so field gateways pays attention to messsages from this device
  LoRa.enableCrc();
  LoRa.setSyncWord(FieldGatewaySyncWord);  

  //LoRa.dumpRegisters(Serial);
  Serial.println("LoRa Setup done.");

  // Configure the Seeedstudio TH02 temperature & humidity sensor
  Serial.println("TH02 setup");
  TH02.begin();
  delay(100);
  Serial.println("TH02 Setup done");  

  Serial.println("Setup done");
}

void loop()
{
  int payloadLength = 0 ;
  float temperature ;
  float humidity ;

  Serial.println("Loop called");
  memset(payload, 0, sizeof(payload));

  // prepare the payload header with "To" Address length (top nibble) and "From" address length (bottom nibble)
  payload[0] = (strlen(FieldGatewayAddress) << 4) | strlen( DeviceId ) ;
  payloadLength += 1;

  // Copy the "To" address into payload
  memcpy(&payload[payloadLength], FieldGatewayAddress, strlen(FieldGatewayAddress));
  payloadLength += strlen(FieldGatewayAddress) ;

  // Copy the "From" into payload
  memcpy(&payload[payloadLength], DeviceId, strlen(DeviceId));
  payloadLength += strlen(DeviceId) ;

  // Read the temperature and humidity values then display nicely
  temperature = TH02.ReadTemperature();
  humidity = TH02.ReadHumidity();

  Serial.print("T:");
  Serial.print( temperature, 1 ) ;
  Serial.print( "C" ) ;

  Serial.print(" H:");
  Serial.print( humidity, 0 ) ;
  Serial.println( "%" ) ;

  // Copy the temperature into the payload
  payload[ payloadLength] = 't';
  payloadLength += 1 ;
  payload[ payloadLength] = ' ';
  payloadLength += 1 ;
  payloadLength += strlen( dtostrf(temperature, -1, 1, (char*)&payload[payloadLength]));
  payload[ payloadLength] = SensorReadingSeperator;
  payloadLength += sizeof(SensorReadingSeperator) ;

  // Copy the humidity into the payload
  payload[ payloadLength] = 'h';
  payloadLength += 1 ;
  payload[ payloadLength] = ' ';
  payloadLength += 1 ;
  payloadLength += strlen( dtostrf(humidity, -1, 0, (char *)&payload[payloadLength]));  

  // display info about payload then send it (No ACK) with LoRa unlike nRF24L01
  Serial.print( "RFM9X/SX127X Payload length:");
  Serial.print( payloadLength );
  Serial.println( " bytes" );

  LoRa.beginPacket();
  LoRa.write( payload, payloadLength );
  LoRa.endPacket();      

  Serial.println("Loop done");

  delay(LoopSleepDelaySeconds * 1000l);
}

In the debug output window the messages from the device looked like this

20:38:30-RX From Wisen01 PacketSnr 10.0 Packet RSSI -48dBm RSSI -104dBm = 11 byte message "t 22.2,h 91"
Sensor Wisen01t Value 22.2
Sensor Wisen01h Value 91
AzureIoTHubClient SendEventAsync start
AzureIoTHubClient SendEventAsync finish
The thread 0x14c0 has exited with code 0 (0x0).
The thread 0x788 has exited with code 0 (0x0).
20:38:40-RX From Wisen01 PacketSnr 9.8 Packet RSSI -48dBm RSSI -103dBm = 11 byte message "t 22.5,h 91"
Sensor Wisen01t Value 22.5
Sensor Wisen01h Value 91
AzureIoTHubClient SendEventAsync start
AzureIoTHubClient SendEventAsync finish
The thread 0x1124 has exited with code 0 (0x0).
The thread 0x129c has exited with code 0 (0x0).
20:38:50-RX From Wisen01 PacketSnr 9.3 Packet RSSI -47dBm RSSI -96dBm = 11 byte message "t 22.7,h 91"
Sensor Wisen01t Value 22.7
Sensor Wisen01h Value 91
AzureIoTHubClient SendEventAsync start
AzureIoTHubClient SendEventAsync finish
The thread 0x664 has exited with code 0 (0x0).

Then at my Azure IoT hub the data stream looked like this

WisenTalkLoRaAzureIoTHub

Adafruit Feather M0 RFM95 LoRa Radio Payload Addressing Client

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This is a demo AdaFruit Feather Mo0 Radio with LoRa Radio Module client (based on one of the examples from Arduino-LoRa) that uploads telemetry data to my Windows 10 IoT Core on Raspberry PI field gateway proof of concept(PoC).

The Adafruit learn site had sample code based on the RadioHead library which was useful. This device supports 868MHz & 915Mz, there is are other Arduino 32u4 and 433MHz devices available.

Bill of materials (Prices Sep 2018)

  • Adafruit Feather M0 RFM95 LoRa Radio (433 or 900 MHz) USD34.95
  • Seeedstudio Temperature and Humidity Sensor Pro USD11.50
  • Seeedstudio 4 pin Male Jumper to Grove 4 pin Conversion Cable USD2.90

The code is pretty basic, it reads a value from the Seeedstudio temperature and humidity sensor, then packs the payload and sets the necessary RFM9X/SX127X LoRa module configuration, has no power conservation, advanced wireless configuration etc. I had to add an extra include from the dstrtof function

AdaFruitM0Feather

/*
  Adapted from LoRa Duplex communication with Sync Word

  Sends temperature & humidity data from Seeedstudio 

  https://www.seeedstudio.com/Grove-Temperature-Humidity-Sensor-High-Accuracy-Min-p-1921.html

  To my Windows 10 IoT Core RFM 9X library

  https://blog.devmobile.co.nz/2018/09/03/rfm9x-iotcore-payload-addressing/

*/
#include
#include
#include
#include
const int csPin = 8;          // LoRa radio chip select
const int resetPin = 4;       // LoRa radio reset
const int irqPin = 3;         // change for your board; must be a hardware interrupt pin

// Field gateway configuration
const char FieldGatewayAddress[] = "LoRaIoT1";
const float FieldGatewayFrequency =  915000000.0;
const byte FieldGatewaySyncWord = 0x12 ;

// Payload configuration
const int PayloadSizeMaximum = 64 ;
byte payload[PayloadSizeMaximum] = "";
const byte SensorReadingSeperator = ',' ;

// Manual serial number configuration
const char DeviceId[] = {"AdafruitM0"};

const int LoopSleepDelaySeconds = 10 ;

void setup() {
  Serial.begin(9600);
  //while (!Serial);

  Serial.println("LoRa Setup");

  // override the default CS, reset, and IRQ pins (optional)
  LoRa.setPins(csPin, resetPin, irqPin);// set CS, reset, IRQ pin

  if (!LoRa.begin(FieldGatewayFrequency))
  {
    Serial.println("LoRa init failed. Check your connections.");
    while (true);
  }

  // Need to do this so field gateways pays attention to messages from this device
  LoRa.enableCrc();
  LoRa.setSyncWord(FieldGatewaySyncWord);  

  //LoRa.dumpRegisters(Serial);
  Serial.println("LoRa Setup done.");

  // Configure the Seeedstudio TH02 temperature & humidity sensor
  Serial.println("TH02 setup");
  TH02.begin();
  delay(100);
  Serial.println("TH02 Setup done");  

  Serial.println("Setup done");
}

void loop()
{
  int payloadLength = 0 ;
  float temperature ;
  float humidity ;

  Serial.println("Loop called");
  memset(payload, 0, sizeof(payload));

  // prepare the payload header with "To" Address length (top nibble) and "From" address length (bottom nibble)
  payload[0] = (strlen(FieldGatewayAddress) << 4) | strlen( DeviceId ) ;
  payloadLength += 1;

  // Copy the "To" address into payload
  memcpy(&payload[payloadLength], FieldGatewayAddress, strlen(FieldGatewayAddress));
  payloadLength += strlen(FieldGatewayAddress) ;

  // Copy the "From" into payload
  memcpy(&payload[payloadLength], DeviceId, strlen(DeviceId));
  payloadLength += strlen(DeviceId) ;

  // Read the temperature and humidity values then display nicely
  temperature = TH02.ReadTemperature();
  humidity = TH02.ReadHumidity();

  Serial.print("T:");
  Serial.print( temperature, 1 ) ;
  Serial.print( "C" ) ;

  Serial.print(" H:");
  Serial.print( humidity, 0 ) ;
  Serial.println( "%" ) ;

  // Copy the temperature into the payload
  payload[ payloadLength] = 't';
  payloadLength += 1 ;
  payload[ payloadLength] = ' ';
  payloadLength += 1 ;
  payloadLength += strlen( dtostrf(temperature, -1, 1, (char*)&payload[payloadLength]));
  payload[ payloadLength] = SensorReadingSeperator;
  payloadLength += sizeof(SensorReadingSeperator) ;

  // Copy the humidity into the payload
  payload[ payloadLength] = 'h';
  payloadLength += 1 ;
  payload[ payloadLength] = ' ';
  payloadLength += 1 ;
  payloadLength += strlen( dtostrf(humidity, -1, 0, (char *)&payload[payloadLength]));  

  // display info about payload then send it (No ACK) with LoRa unlike nRF24L01
  Serial.print( "RFM9X/SX127X Payload length:");
  Serial.print( payloadLength );
  Serial.println( " bytes" );

  LoRa.beginPacket();
  LoRa.write( payload, payloadLength );
  LoRa.endPacket();      

  Serial.println("Loop done");

  delay(LoopSleepDelaySeconds * 1000l);
}

In the Arduino debug monitor the messages from the device looked like this

Loop done
Loop called
T:17.5C H:94%
RFM9X/SX127X Payload length:30 bytes
Loop done
Loop called
T:17.5C H:95%
RFM9X/SX127X Payload length:30 bytes
Loop done
Loop called
T:17.6C H:95%
RFM9X/SX127X Payload length:30 bytes
Loop done

In the debug output window the messages from the device looked like this

The thread 0xf9c has exited with code 0 (0x0).
The thread 0x8ac has exited with code 0 (0x0).
09:53:53-RX From AdafruitM0 PacketSnr 10.3 Packet RSSI -51dBm RSSI -103dBm = 11 byte message "t 17.8,h 93"
Sensor AdafruitM0t Value 17.8
Sensor AdafruitM0h Value 93
AzureIoTHubClient SendEventAsync start
AzureIoTHubClient SendEventAsync finish
The thread 0x704 has exited with code 0 (0x0).
The thread 0xad4 has exited with code 0 (0x0).
09:54:03-RX From AdafruitM0 PacketSnr 9.8 Packet RSSI -52dBm RSSI -101dBm = 11 byte message "t 17.8,h 93"
Sensor AdafruitM0t Value 17.8
Sensor AdafruitM0h Value 93
AzureIoTHubClient SendEventAsync start
AzureIoTHubClient SendEventAsync finish
The thread 0x1084 has exited with code 0 (0x0).
The thread 0xa2c has exited with code 0 (0x0).
09:54:14-RX From AdafruitM0 PacketSnr 9.8 Packet RSSI -54dBm RSSI -102dBm = 11 byte message "t 17.7,h 93"
Sensor AdafruitM0t Value 17.7
Sensor AdafruitM0h Value 93
AzureIoTHubClient SendEventAsync start
AzureIoTHubClient SendEventAsync finish
The thread 0x1720 has exited with code 0 (0x0).
…
10:00:06-RX From AdafruitM0 PacketSnr 9.3 Packet RSSI -52dBm RSSI -100dBm = 12 byte message "t 184.0,h 91"
Sensor AdafruitM0t Value 184.0
Sensor AdafruitM0h Value 91
AzureIoTHubClient SendEventAsync start
AzureIoTHubClient SendEventAsync finish
The thread 0x15d4 has exited with code 0 (0x0).
The thread 0x15f4 has exited with code 0 (0x0).
10:00:19-RX From AdafruitM0 PacketSnr 10.0 Packet RSSI -48dBm RSSI -102dBm = 12 byte message "t 180.9,h 94"
Sensor AdafruitM0t Value 180.9
Sensor AdafruitM0h Value 94
AzureIoTHubClient SendEventAsync start
AzureIoTHubClient SendEventAsync finish
The thread 0xabc has exited with code 0 (0x0).
The thread 0x2e4 has exited with code 0 (0x0).
10:00:29-RX From AdafruitM0 PacketSnr 9.8 Packet RSSI -49dBm RSSI -102dBm = 12 byte message "t -50.0,h 94"
Sensor AdafruitM0t Value -50.0
Sensor AdafruitM0h Value 94
AzureIoTHubClient SendEventAsync start
AzureIoTHubClient SendEventAsync finish
The thread 0x950 has exited with code 0 (0x0).
The thread 0x145c has exited with code 0 (0x0).
The thread 0x176c has exited with code 0 (0x0).
10:00:39-RX From AdafruitM0 PacketSnr 9.5 Packet RSSI -50dBm RSSI -102dBm = 11 byte message "t 17.5,h 94"
Sensor AdafruitM0t Value 17.5
Sensor AdafruitM0h Value 94
AzureIoTHubClient SendEventAsync start
AzureIoTHubClient SendEventAsync finish
The thread 0x165c has exited with code 0 (0x0).
The thread 0x6e8 has exited with code 0 (0x0).
10:00:49-RX From AdafruitM0 PacketSnr 9.8 Packet RSSI -59dBm RSSI -100dBm = 11 byte message "t 17.5,h 95"
Sensor AdafruitM0t Value 17.5
Sensor AdafruitM0h Value 95
AzureIoTHubClient SendEventAsync start
AzureIoTHubClient SendEventAsync finish
The thread 0x1334 has exited with code 0 (0x0).
The thread 0x14d0 has exited with code 0 (0x0).
10:00:59-RX From AdafruitM0 PacketSnr 9.5 Packet RSSI -66dBm RSSI -102dBm = 11 byte message "t 17.6,h 95"
Sensor AdafruitM0t Value 17.6
Sensor AdafruitM0h Value 95
AzureIoTHubClient SendEventAsync start
AzureIoTHubClient SendEventAsync finish

Then at my Azure IoT hub the data stream looked like this
AdaFruitM0LoRaFeatherIoTHub

To reduce power consumption I would disconnect/remove the light emitting diode(LED)

Elecrow 32u4 with Lora RFM95 IOT Board Payload Addressing Client

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This is a demo Elecrow 32u4 with Lora RFM95 IOT Board-868MHz/915MHz client (based on one of the examples from Arduino-LoRa) that uploads telemetry data to my Windows 10 IoT Core on Raspberry PI field gateway proof of concept(PoC).

The elecrow wiki had sample code based on the RadioHead library which was useful.

Bill of materials (Prices Sep 2018)

  • 32u4 with Lora RFM95 IOT Board-868MHz/915MHz USD22.50
  • Seeedstudio LightLevel Sensor USD2.90
  • Elecrow Crowtail to Grove 4 pin Conversion Cable USD1.00

The code is pretty basic, it reads a value from the light sensor, scales it, then packs the payload and sets the necessary RFM9X/SX127X LoRa module configuration, has no power conservation, advanced wireless configuration etc.

Elecrow32u4LoRa

/*
  Adapted from LoRa Duplex communication with Sync Word

  Sends Light data from Seeedstudio 

   https://www.seeedstudio.com/Grove-Light-Sensor-v1-2-p-2727.html

  To my Windows 10 IoT Core RFM 9X library

  https://blog.devmobile.co.nz/2018/09/03/rfm9x-iotcore-payload-addressing/

*/
#include               // include libraries
#include
const int csPin = 10;          // LoRa radio chip select
const int resetPin = 9;       // LoRa radio reset
const int irqPin = 2;         // change for your board; must be a hardware interrupt pin

// Field gateway configuration
const char FieldGatewayAddress[] = "LoRaIoT1";
const float FieldGatewayFrequency =  915000000.0;
const byte FieldGatewaySyncWord = 0x12 ;

// Payload configuration
const int PayloadSizeMaximum = 64 ;
byte payload[PayloadSizeMaximum] = "";
const byte SensorReadingSeperator = ',' ;

// Manual serial number configuration
const char DeviceId[] = {"Elecrow32u4"};

const int analogInPin = A0;
const int LoopSleepDelaySeconds = 60 ;

void setup() {
  Serial.begin(9600);

  Serial.println("LoRa Setup");

  // override the default CS, reset, and IRQ pins (optional)
  LoRa.setPins(csPin, resetPin, irqPin);// set CS, reset, IRQ pin

  if (!LoRa.begin(FieldGatewayFrequency))
  {
    Serial.println("LoRa init failed. Check your connections.");
    while (true);
  }

  // Need to do this so field gateways pays attention to messages from this device
  LoRa.enableCrc();
  LoRa.setSyncWord(FieldGatewaySyncWord);  

  LoRa.dumpRegisters(Serial);
  Serial.println("LoRa Setup done.");

  Serial.println("Setup done");
}

void loop()
{
  int payloadLength = 0 ;
  int sensorValue = 0;
  int outputValue = 0; 

  Serial.println("Loop called");
  memset(payload, 0, sizeof(payload));

  // Scale the sensor value to a %
  sensorValue = analogRead(analogInPin);
  outputValue = map(sensorValue, 0, 1023, 0, 100);  

  // prepare the payload header with "To" Address length (top nibble) and "From" address length (bottom nibble)
  payload[0] = (strlen(FieldGatewayAddress) << 4) | strlen( DeviceId ) ;
  payloadLength += 1;

  // Copy the "To" address into payload
  memcpy(&payload[payloadLength], FieldGatewayAddress, strlen(FieldGatewayAddress));
  payloadLength += strlen(FieldGatewayAddress) ;

  // Copy the "From" into payload
  memcpy(&payload[payloadLength], DeviceId, strlen(DeviceId));
  payloadLength += strlen(DeviceId) ;

  Serial.println("Loop called 5");

  Serial.print("L:");
  Serial.print( outputValue ) ;
  Serial.println( "%" ) ;

  // Copy the temperature into the payload
  payload[ payloadLength] = 'l';
  payloadLength += 1 ;
  payload[ payloadLength] = ' ';
  payloadLength += 1 ;
  payloadLength += strlen( itoa(outputValue, &payload[payloadLength],10 ));  

  // display info about payload then send it (No ACK) with LoRa unlike nRF24L01
  Serial.print( "RFM9X/SX127X Payload length:");
  Serial.print( payloadLength );
  Serial.println( " bytes" );

  LoRa.beginPacket();
  LoRa.write( payload, payloadLength );
  LoRa.endPacket();      

  Serial.println("Loop done");

  delay(LoopSleepDelaySeconds * 1000l);
}

In the debug output window the messages from the device looked like this

14:06:38-RX From Elecrow32u4 PacketSnr 9.8 Packet RSSI -88dBm RSSI -110dBm = 4 byte message "l 85"
Sensor Elecrow32u4l Value 85
AzureIoTHubClient SendEventAsync start
AzureIoTHubClient SendEventAsync finish
The thread 0x930 has exited with code 0 (0x0).
The thread 0xb74 has exited with code 0 (0x0).
The thread 0x3c8 has exited with code 0 (0x0).
The thread 0x984 has exited with code 0 (0x0).
14:07:01-RX From IoTMCU915 PacketSnr 9.3 Packet RSSI -87dBm RSSI -110dBm = 12 byte message "t 13.7,h 113"
Sensor IoTMCU915t Value 13.7
Sensor IoTMCU915h Value 113
AzureIoTHubClient SendEventAsync start
AzureIoTHubClient SendEventAsync finish
The thread 0x6e8 has exited with code 0 (0x0).
The thread 0x7b4 has exited with code 0 (0x0).
The thread 0xe9c has exited with code 0 (0x0).

My battery is a bit of an overkill and to reduce power consumption I would disconnect/remove the light emitting diode(LED)

LoRa Radio Node v1.0 868/915MHz Payload Addressing Client

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This is a demo IoTMCU LoRa Radio Node V1.0 868/915MHz client (based on one of the examples from Arduino-LoRa) that uploads telemetry data to my Windows 10 IoT Core on Raspberry PI field gateway proof of concept(PoC).

The devices arrived promptly and the sample code and schematics made adapting my Arduino code easy.

Bill of materials (Prices Sep 2018)

The code is pretty basic, it shows how to pack the payload and set the necessary RFM9X/SX127X LoRa module configuration, has no power conservation, advanced wireless configuration etc.

IoTMCULoRa915V2

/*
  Adapted from LoRa Duplex communication with Sync Word

  Sends temperature & humidity data from Seeedstudio 

  https://www.seeedstudio.com/Grove-Temperature-Humidity-Sensor-High-Accuracy-Min-p-1921.html

  To my Windows 10 IoT Core RFM 9X library

  https://blog.devmobile.co.nz/2018/09/03/rfm9x-iotcore-payload-addressing/
*/
#include               // include libraries
#include
#include
const int csPin = 10;          // LoRa radio chip select
const int resetPin = 9;       // LoRa radio reset
const int irqPin = 2;         // change for your board; must be a hardware interrupt pin

// Field gateway configuration
const char FieldGatewayAddress[] = "LoRaIoT1";
const float FieldGatewayFrequency =  915000000.0;
const byte FieldGatewaySyncWord = 0x12 ;

// Payload configuration
const int PayloadSizeMaximum = 64 ;
byte payload[PayloadSizeMaximum] = "";
const byte SensorReadingSeperator = ',' ;

// Manual serial number configuration
const char DeviceId[] = {"IoTMCU915"};

const int LoopSleepDelaySeconds = 60 ;

void setup() {
  Serial.begin(9600);
  while (!Serial);

  Serial.println("LoRa Setup");

  // override the default CS, reset, and IRQ pins (optional)
  LoRa.setPins(csPin, resetPin, irqPin);// set CS, reset, IRQ pin

  if (!LoRa.begin(FieldGatewayFrequency))
  {
    Serial.println("LoRa init failed. Check your connections.");
    while (true);
  }

  // Need to do this so field gateways pays attention to messages from this device
  LoRa.enableCrc();
  LoRa.setSyncWord(FieldGatewaySyncWord);  

  //LoRa.dumpRegisters(Serial);
  Serial.println("LoRa Setup done.");

  // Configure the Seeedstudio TH02 temperature & humidity sensor
  Serial.println("TH02 setup");
  TH02.begin();
  delay(100);
  Serial.println("TH02 Setup done");  

  Serial.println("Setup done");
}

void loop()
{
  int payloadLength = 0 ;
  float temperature ;
  float humidity ;

  Serial.println("Loop called");
  memset(payload, 0, sizeof(payload));

  // prepare the payload header with "To" Address length (top nibble) and "From" address length (bottom nibble)
  payload[0] = (strlen(FieldGatewayAddress) << 4) | strlen( DeviceId ) ;
  payloadLength += 1;

  // Copy the "To" address into payload
  memcpy(&payload[payloadLength], FieldGatewayAddress, strlen(FieldGatewayAddress));
  payloadLength += strlen(FieldGatewayAddress) ;

  // Copy the "From" into payload
  memcpy(&payload[payloadLength], DeviceId, strlen(DeviceId));
  payloadLength += strlen(DeviceId) ;

  // Read the temperature and humidity values then display nicely
  temperature = TH02.ReadTemperature();
  humidity = TH02.ReadHumidity();

  Serial.print("T:");
  Serial.print( temperature, 1 ) ;
  Serial.print( "C" ) ;

  Serial.print(" H:");
  Serial.print( humidity, 0 ) ;
  Serial.println( "%" ) ;

  // Copy the temperature into the payload
  payload[ payloadLength] = 't';
  payloadLength += 1 ;
  payload[ payloadLength] = ' ';
  payloadLength += 1 ;
  payloadLength += strlen( dtostrf(temperature, -1, 1, &payload[payloadLength]));
  payload[ payloadLength] = SensorReadingSeperator;
  payloadLength += sizeof(SensorReadingSeperator) ;

  // Copy the humidity into the payload
  payload[ payloadLength] = 'h';
  payloadLength += 1 ;
  payload[ payloadLength] = ' ';
  payloadLength += 1 ;
  payloadLength += strlen( dtostrf(humidity, -1, 0, &payload[payloadLength]));  

  // display info about payload then send it (No ACK) with LoRa unlike nRF24L01
  Serial.print( "RFM9X/SX127X Payload length:");
  Serial.print( payloadLength );
  Serial.println( " bytes" );

  LoRa.beginPacket();
  LoRa.write( payload, payloadLength );
  LoRa.endPacket();      

  Serial.println("Loop done");

  delay(LoopSleepDelaySeconds * 1000l);
}

In the debug output window the messages from the device looked like this

Register 0x40 – Value 0X00 – Bits 00000000
Register 0x41 – Value 0X00 – Bits 00000000
Register 0x42 – Value 0X12 – Bits 00010010
…
The thread 0x6f8 has exited with code 0 (0x0).
The thread 0x2f0 has exited with code 0 (0x0).
19:35:35-RX From IoTMCU915 PacketSnr 10.0 Packet RSSI -45dBm RSSI -109dBm = 11 byte message "t 19.8,h 88"
Sensor IoTMCU915t Value 19.8
Sensor IoTMCU915h Value 88
AzureIoTHubClient SendEventAsync start
AzureIoTHubClient SendEventAsync finish
The thread 0x9b0 has exited with code 0 (0x0).
The thread 0x9f4 has exited with code 0 (0x0).
The thread 0x9dc has exited with code 0 (0x0).
The thread 0x17fc has exited with code 0 (0x0).
The thread 0x944 has exited with code 0 (0x0).
19:36:35-RX From IoTMCU915 PacketSnr 10.8 Packet RSSI -45dBm RSSI -108dBm = 11 byte message "t 19.7,h 88"
Sensor IoTMCU915t Value 19.7
Sensor IoTMCU915h Value 88
AzureIoTHubClient SendEventAsync start
AzureIoTHubClient SendEventAsync finish
The thread 0xbf0 has exited with code 0 (0x0).

I have some suitable batteries on order from Jaycar a local supplier. There is also a 433MHz version of this device available other regions.

Netduino LoRa Radio 433/868/915 MHz Payload Addressing client

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This is a demo Netduino client (based on one of the examples in my RFM9XLoRaNetMF library) that uploads telemetry data to my Windows 10 IoT Core on Raspberry PI field gateway proof of concept(PoC).

Bill of materials (Prices Sep 2018)

//---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Copyright (c) 2017, devMobile Software
//
// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
// You may obtain a copy of the License at
//
//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
//
// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
// limitations under the License.
//---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
namespace devMobile.IoT.Netduino.FieldGateway
{
   using System;
   using System.Text;
   using System.Threading;
   using Microsoft.SPOT;
   using Microsoft.SPOT.Hardware;
   using SecretLabs.NETMF.Hardware.Netduino;
   using devMobile.IoT.NetMF.ISM;
   using devMobile.NetMF.Sensor;

   class NetduinoClient
   {
      Rfm9XDevice rfm9XDevice;
      private readonly TimeSpan dueTime = new TimeSpan(0, 0, 15);
      private readonly TimeSpan periodTime = new TimeSpan(0, 0, 300);
      private readonly SiliconLabsSI7005 sensor = new SiliconLabsSI7005();
      private readonly OutputPort _led = new OutputPort(Pins.ONBOARD_LED, false);
      private readonly byte[] fieldGatewayAddress = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes("LoRaIoT1");
      private readonly byte[] deviceAddress = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes("Netduino1");

      public NetduinoClient()
      {
         rfm9XDevice = new Rfm9XDevice(Pins.GPIO_PIN_D10, Pins.GPIO_PIN_D9, Pins.GPIO_PIN_D2);
      }

      public void Run()
      {
         //rfm9XDevice.Initialise(frequency: 915000000, paBoost: true, rxPayloadCrcOn: true);
         rfm9XDevice.Initialise(frequency: 433000000, paBoost: true, rxPayloadCrcOn: true);
         rfm9XDevice.Receive(deviceAddress);

         rfm9XDevice.OnDataReceived += rfm9XDevice_OnDataReceived;
         rfm9XDevice.OnTransmit += rfm9XDevice_OnTransmit;

         Timer humidityAndtemperatureUpdates = new Timer(HumidityAndTemperatureTimerProc, null, dueTime, periodTime);

         Thread.Sleep(Timeout.Infinite);
      }

      private void HumidityAndTemperatureTimerProc(object state)
      {
         _led.Write(true);

         double humidity = sensor.Humidity();
         double temperature = sensor.Temperature();

         Debug.Print(DateTime.UtcNow.ToString("hh:mm:ss") + " H:" + humidity.ToString("F1") + " T:" + temperature.ToString("F1"));

         rfm9XDevice.Send(fieldGatewayAddress, Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes( "t " + temperature.ToString("F1") + ",H " + humidity.ToString("F0")));

         _led.Write(true);
      }

      void rfm9XDevice_OnTransmit()
      {
         Debug.Print("Transmit-Done");
         _led.Write(false);
      }

      void rfm9XDevice_OnDataReceived(byte[] address, float packetSnr, int packetRssi, int rssi, byte[] data)
      {
         try
         {
            string messageText = new string(UTF8Encoding.UTF8.GetChars(data));
            string addressText = new string(UTF8Encoding.UTF8.GetChars(address));

            Debug.Print(DateTime.UtcNow.ToString("HH:MM:ss") + "-Rfm9X PacketSnr " + packetSnr.ToString("F1") + " Packet RSSI " + packetRssi + "dBm RSSI " + rssi + "dBm = " + data.Length + " byte message " + @"""" + messageText + @"""");
         }
         catch (Exception ex)
         {
            Debug.Print(ex.Message);
         }
      }
   }
}

The code is available on GitHub
FieldGatewayNetduinoLoRaElecrow915
Elecrow shield
FieldGatewayNetduinoLoRaDragino915
Dragino shield
FieldGatewayNetduinLoRaMakerFabs433
MakerFabs shield
Net Micro Framework debug output from device

The thread '' (0x2) has exited with code 0 (0x0).
12:00:18 H:96.9 T:19.6
Transmit-Done
12:05:17 H:95.1 T:20.1
Transmit-Done

.Net Framework debug output Field Gateway

The thread 0x1550 has exited with code 0 (0x0).
21:21:49-RX From Netduino1 PacketSnr 9.5 Packet RSSI -40dBm RSSI -107dBm = 11 byte message "t 19.6,H 97"
 Sensor Netduino1t Value 19.6
 Sensor Netduino1H Value 97
 AzureIoTHubClient SendEventAsync start
 AzureIoTHubClient SendEventAsync finish
...
21:26:49-RX From Netduino1 PacketSnr 9.5 Packet RSSI -33dBm RSSI -103dBm = 11 byte message "t 20.1,H 95"
 Sensor Netduino1t Value 20.1
 Sensor Netduino1H Value 95
 AzureIoTHubClient SendEventAsync start
 AzureIoTHubClient SendEventAsync finish
The thread 0xfbc has exited with code 0 (0x0).

Then in my Azure IoT Hub

AzureIOTHubExplorerScreenGrab20180917

Low power LoRaWan Node Model B1248 Payload Addressing Client

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This is a demo M2M Low power LoRaWan Node Model B1284 client (based on one of the examples from Arduino-LoRa) that uploads telemetry data to my Windows 10 IoT Core on Raspberry PI AdaFruit.IO and Azure IoT Hub field gateways.

LoraWanNodeV1_0_0

The compiler used by the Arduino tooling for this processor was stricter about byte-char conversions so a couple of extra casts were necessary.

/*
  Adapted from LoRa Duplex communication with Sync Word

  Sends temperature & humidity data from Seeedstudio 

  https://www.seeedstudio.com/Grove-Temperature-Humidity-Sensor-High-Accuracy-Min-p-1921.html

  To my Windows 10 IoT Core RFM 9X library

  https://blog.devmobile.co.nz/2018/09/03/rfm9x-iotcore-payload-addressing/

*/
#include               // include libraries
#include
#include
const int csPin = 14;          // LoRa radio chip select
const int resetPin = 9;       // LoRa radio reset
const int irqPin = 2;         // change for your board; must be a hardware interrupt pin

// Field gateway configuration
const char FieldGatewayAddress[] = "LoRaIoT1";
const float FieldGatewayFrequency =  915000000.0;
const byte FieldGatewaySyncWord = 0x12 ;

// Payload configuration
const int PayloadSizeMaximum = 64 ;
byte payload[PayloadSizeMaximum] = "";
const byte SensorReadingSeperator = ',' ;

// Manual serial number configuration
const char DeviceId[] = {"M2MNodeV100"};

const int LoopSleepDelaySeconds = 10 ;

void setup() {
  Serial.begin(9600);
  while (!Serial);

  Serial.println("LoRa Setup");

  // override the default CS, reset, and IRQ pins (optional)
  LoRa.setPins(csPin, resetPin, irqPin);// set CS, reset, IRQ pin

  if (!LoRa.begin(FieldGatewayFrequency))
  {
    Serial.println("LoRa init failed. Check your connections.");
    while (true);
  }

  // Need to do this so field gateway pays attention to messsages from this device
  LoRa.enableCrc();
  LoRa.setSyncWord(FieldGatewaySyncWord);  

  //LoRa.dumpRegisters(Serial);
  Serial.println("LoRa Setup done.");

  // Configure the Seeedstudio TH02 temperature & humidity sensor
  Serial.println("TH02 setup");
  TH02.begin();
  delay(100);
  Serial.println("TH02 Setup done");  

  Serial.println("Setup done");
}

void loop()
{
  int payloadLength = 0 ;
  float temperature ;
  float humidity ;

  Serial.println("Loop called");
  memset(payload, 0, sizeof(payload));

  // prepare the payload header with "To" Address length (top nibble) and "From" address length (bottom nibble)
  payload[0] = (strlen(FieldGatewayAddress)<< 4) | strlen( DeviceId ) ;
  payloadLength += 1;

  // Copy the "To" address into payload
  memcpy(&payload[payloadLength], FieldGatewayAddress, strlen(FieldGatewayAddress));
  payloadLength += strlen(FieldGatewayAddress) ;

  // Copy the "From" into payload
  memcpy(&payload[payloadLength], DeviceId, strlen(DeviceId));
  payloadLength += strlen(DeviceId) ;

  // Read the temperature and humidity values then display nicely
  temperature = TH02.ReadTemperature();
  humidity = TH02.ReadHumidity();

  Serial.print("T:");
  Serial.print( temperature, 1 ) ;
  Serial.print( "C" ) ;

  Serial.print(" H:");
  Serial.print( humidity, 0 ) ;
  Serial.println( "%" ) ;

  // Copy the temperature into the payload
  payload[ payloadLength] = 't';
  payloadLength += 1 ;
  payload[ payloadLength] = ' ';
  payloadLength += 1 ;
  payloadLength += strlen( dtostrf(temperature, -1, 1, (char*)&payload[payloadLength]));
  payload[ payloadLength] = SensorReadingSeperator;
  payloadLength += sizeof(SensorReadingSeperator) ;

  // Copy the humidity into the payload
  payload[ payloadLength] = 'h';
  payloadLength += 1 ;
  payload[ payloadLength] = ' ';
  payloadLength += 1 ;
  payloadLength += strlen( dtostrf(humidity, -1, 0, (char *)&payload[payloadLength]));  

  // display info about payload then send it (No ACK) with LoRa unlike nRF24L01
  Serial.print( "RFM9X/SX127X Payload length:");
  Serial.print( payloadLength );
  Serial.println( " bytes" );

  LoRa.beginPacket();
  LoRa.write( payload, payloadLength );
  LoRa.endPacket();      

  Serial.println("Loop done");

  delay(LoopSleepDelaySeconds * 1000l);
}

Bill of materials (Prices Sep 2018)

  • M2M Low power LoRaWan Node Model B1284 USD40
  • Seeedstudio Temperature&Humidity Sensor USD11.50
  • 4 pin Female Jumper to Grove 4 pin Conversion Cable USD2.90

The code is pretty basic (like the other samples), it shows how to pack the payload and set the necessary RFM9X/SX127X LoRa module configuration, has no power conservation, advanced wireless configuration etc.

The Grove 4 pin Female Jumper to Grove 4 pin Conversion Cable was a quick & convenient way to get the I2C Grove temperature and humidity sensor connected up.

Then in my Azure IoT Hub monitoring software

M2MNodeV100EventHub