TinyCLR OS V2 LoRa library Part4

Transmit and Receive with Interrupts

For the final revision of the “nasty” test harness I ensured interrupts were working for the simultaneous transmission and reception of messages. It’s not quite simultaneous, the code sends a message every 10 seconds then goes back to receive continuous mode after each message has been sent.

private void InterruptGpioPin_ValueChanged(GpioPin sender, GpioPinValueChangedEventArgs e)
{
   if (e.Edge != GpioPinEdge.RisingEdge)
   {
      return;
   }

   byte irqFlags = this.RegisterReadByte(0x12); // RegIrqFlags
   Debug.WriteLine($"RegIrqFlags 0X{irqFlags:x2}");

   if ((irqFlags & 0b01000000) == 0b01000000)  // RxDone 
   {
      Debug.WriteLine("Receive-Message");
      byte currentFifoAddress = this.RegisterReadByte(0x10); // RegFifiRxCurrent
      this.RegisterWriteByte(0x0d, currentFifoAddress); // RegFifoAddrPtr

      byte numberOfBytes = this.RegisterReadByte(0x13); // RegRxNbBytes

      // Allocate buffer for message
      byte[] messageBytes = this.RegisterRead(0X0, numberOfBytes);

      string messageText = UTF8Encoding.UTF8.GetString(messageBytes);
      Debug.WriteLine($"Received {messageBytes.Length} byte message {messageText}");
   }

  if ((irqFlags & 0b00001000) == 0b00001000)  // TxDone
  {
      this.RegisterWriteByte(0x01, 0b10000101); // RegOpMode set LoRa & RxContinuous
      Debug.WriteLine("Transmit-Done");
  }

   this.RegisterWriteByte(0x40, 0b00000000); // RegDioMapping1 0b00000000 DI0 RxReady & TxReady
   this.RegisterWriteByte(0x12, 0xff);// RegIrqFlags
}
…
class Program
{
   static void Main()
   {
      Rfm9XDevice rfm9XDevice = new Rfm9XDevice(SC20100.SpiBus.Spi3, SC20100.GpioPin.PA13, SC20100.GpioPin.PA14, SC20100.GpioPin.PE4);
      int sendCount = 0;

      // Put device into LoRa + Sleep mode
      rfm9XDevice.RegisterWriteByte(0x01, 0b10000000); // RegOpMode 

      // Set the frequency to 915MHz
      byte[] frequencyWriteBytes = { 0xE4, 0xC0, 0x00 }; // RegFrMsb, RegFrMid, RegFrLsb
      rfm9XDevice.RegisterWrite(0x06, frequencyWriteBytes);

      rfm9XDevice.RegisterWriteByte(0x0F, 0x0); // RegFifoRxBaseAddress 

      // More power PA Boost
      rfm9XDevice.RegisterWriteByte(0x09, 0b10000000); // RegPaConfig

      rfm9XDevice.RegisterWriteByte(0x01, 0b10000101); // RegOpMode set LoRa & RxContinuous

      while (true)
      {
         rfm9XDevice.RegisterWriteByte(0x0E, 0x0); // RegFifoTxBaseAddress 

         // Set the Register Fifo address pointer
         rfm9XDevice.RegisterWriteByte(0x0D, 0x0); // RegFifoAddrPtr 

         string messageText = $"Hello LoRa {sendCount += 1}!";

         // load the message into the fifo
         byte[] messageBytes = UTF8Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(messageText);
         rfm9XDevice.RegisterWrite(0x0, messageBytes); // RegFifo 

         // Set the length of the message in the fifo
         rfm9XDevice.RegisterWriteByte(0x22, (byte)messageBytes.Length); // RegPayloadLength
         rfm9XDevice.RegisterWriteByte(0x40, 0b01000000); // RegDioMapping1 0b00000000 DI0 RxReady & TxReady
         rfm9XDevice.RegisterWriteByte(0x01, 0b10000011); // RegOpMode 

         Debug.WriteLine($"Sending {messageBytes.Length} bytes message {messageText}");

         Thread.Sleep(10000);
      }
   }
}

The diagnostic output shows inbound and outbound messages

Found debugger!
Create TS.
Loading Deployment Assemblies.
Attaching deployed file.
Assembly: mscorlib (2.0.0.0)  Attaching deployed file.
Assembly: GHIElectronics.TinyCLR.Devices.Spi (2.0.0.0)  Attaching deployed file.
Assembly: GHIElectronics.TinyCLR.Native (2.0.0.0)  Attaching deployed file.
Assembly: GHIElectronics.TinyCLR.Devices.Gpio (2.0.0.0)  Attaching deployed file.
Assembly: ReceiveTransmitInterrupt (1.0.0.0)  Resolving.
The debugging target runtime is loading the application assemblies and starting execution.
Ready.
'GHIElectronics.TinyCLR.VisualStudio.ProjectSystem.dll' (Managed): Loaded 'C:\Users\BrynLewis\source\repos\RFM9X.TinyCLR\ReceiveTransmitInterrupt\bin\Debug\pe\..\GHIElectronics.TinyCLR.Native.dll'
'GHIElectronics.TinyCLR.VisualStudio.ProjectSystem.dll' (Managed): Loaded 'C:\Users\BrynLewis\source\repos\RFM9X.TinyCLR\ReceiveTransmitInterrupt\bin\Debug\pe\..\GHIElectronics.TinyCLR.Devices.Gpio.dll'
'GHIElectronics.TinyCLR.VisualStudio.ProjectSystem.dll' (Managed): Loaded 'C:\Users\BrynLewis\source\repos\RFM9X.TinyCLR\ReceiveTransmitInterrupt\bin\Debug\pe\..\GHIElectronics.TinyCLR.Devices.Spi.dll'
'GHIElectronics.TinyCLR.VisualStudio.ProjectSystem.dll' (Managed): Loaded 'C:\Users\BrynLewis\source\repos\RFM9X.TinyCLR\ReceiveTransmitInterrupt\bin\Debug\pe\..\ReceiveTransmitInterrupt.exe', Symbols loaded.
The thread '<No Name>' (0x2) has exited with code 0 (0x0).
Sending 13 bytes message Hello LoRa 1!
RegIrqFlags 0X08
Transmit-Done
Sending 13 bytes message Hello LoRa 2!
RegIrqFlags 0X08
Transmit-Done
Sending 13 bytes message Hello LoRa 3!
RegIrqFlags 0X08
Transmit-Done
RegIrqFlags 0X50
Receive-Message
Received 59 byte message  �LoRaIoT1Maduino2at 77.9,ah 24,wsa 0,wsg 1,wd 12.38,r 0.00,
Sending 13 bytes message Hello LoRa 4!
RegIrqFlags 0X08
Transmit-Done
15:11:42.775 -> ync word
15:11:42.775 -> 0x0: 0x8A
15:11:42.775 -> 0x1: 0x81
15:11:42.798 -> 0x2: 0x1A
15:11:42.798 -> 0x3: 0xB
15:11:42.798 -> 0x4: 0x0
15:11:42.798 -> 0x5: 0x52
…
15:11:44.223 -> 0x7B: 0x0
15:11:44.223 -> 0x7C: 0x0
15:11:44.256 -> 0x7D: 0x0
15:11:44.256 -> 0x7E: 0x0
15:11:44.256 -> 0x7F: 0x0
15:11:44.291 -> LoRa init succeeded.
15:11:44.839 -> Sending HeLoRa World! 0
15:11:48.788 -> Message: ⸮LoRaIoT1Maduino2at 77.5,ah 25,wsa 1,wsg 5,wd 21.00,r 0.00,
15:11:48.856 -> Length: 59
15:11:48.856 -> FirstChar: 136
15:11:48.891 -> RSSI: -83
15:11:48.891 -> Snr: 9.50
15:11:48.891 -> 
15:11:49.234 -> Message: Hello LoRa 22!
15:11:49.234 -> Length: 14
15:11:49.268 -> FirstChar: 72
15:11:49.268 -> RSSI: -47
15:11:49.268 -> Snr: 9.75
15:11:49.303 -> 
15:11:55.815 -> Sending HeLoRa World! 2
15:11:59.219 -> Message: Hello LoRa 23!
15:11:59.219 -> Length: 14
15:11:59.254 -> FirstChar: 72
15:11:59.254 -> RSSI: -48
15:11:59.254 -> Snr: 9.75
15:11:59.288 -> 
15:12:06.597 -> Sending HeLoRa World! 4
15:12:09.218 -> Message: Hello LoRa 24!
15:12:09.218 -> Length: 14
15:12:09.253 -> FirstChar: 72
15:12:09.253 -> RSSI: -46
15:12:09.253 -> Snr: 9.25
15:12:09.287 -> 
15:12:16.919 -> Sending HeLoRa World! 6
15:12:19.240 -> Message: Hello LoRa 25!
15:12:19.240 -> Length: 14
15:12:19.275 -> FirstChar: 72
15:12:19.275 -> RSSI: -47
15:12:19.275 -> Snr: 9.75
15:12:19.309 -> 

The final step is back porting all the necessary changes to my Rfm9XDevice class then functionality and stress testing.

TinyCLR OS V2 LoRa library Part3

Transmit and Receive Basic

I had an Armtronix IA005 SX1276 loRa node sitting on my desk so used it running a modified version of the Arduino LoRa library LoRaSetSyncWord example to send messages to and receive messages from my SC20100 device.

Armtronix and SC20100 TinyCLR V2 testrig

The SC20100 transmit application configures the SX127X, sends a message, waits until transmission is completed, then repeats every 30 seconds.

   class Program
   {
      static void Main()
      {
         Rfm9XDevice rfm9XDevice = new Rfm9XDevice(SC20100.SpiBus.Spi3, SC20100.GpioPin.PA13, SC20100.GpioPin.PA14);

         int SendCount = 0;

         // Put device into LoRa + Sleep mode
         rfm9XDevice.RegisterWriteByte(0x01, 0b10000000); // RegOpMode 

         // Set the frequency to 915MHz
         byte[] frequencyWriteBytes = { 0xE4, 0xC0, 0x00 }; // RegFrMsb, RegFrMid, RegFrLsb
         rfm9XDevice.RegisterWrite(0x06, frequencyWriteBytes);

         // More power PA Boost
         rfm9XDevice.RegisterWriteByte(0x09, 0b10000000); // RegPaConfig

         //rfm9XDevice.RegisterDump();

         while (true)
         {
            rfm9XDevice.RegisterWriteByte(0x0E, 0x0); // RegFifoTxBaseAddress 

            // Set the Register Fifo address pointer
            rfm9XDevice.RegisterWriteByte(0x0D, 0x0); // RegFifoAddrPtr 

            string messageText = $"Hello LoRa {SendCount += 1}!";
               
            // load the message into the fifo
            byte[] messageBytes = UTF8Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(messageText);
            rfm9XDevice.RegisterWrite(0x0, messageBytes); // RegFifo

            // Set the length of the message in the fifo
            rfm9XDevice.RegisterWriteByte(0x22, (byte)messageBytes.Length); // RegPayloadLength

            Debug.WriteLine($"Sending {messageBytes.Length} bytes message {messageText}");
            /// Set the mode to LoRa + Transmit
            rfm9XDevice.RegisterWriteByte(0x01, 0b10000011); // RegOpMode 

            // Wait until send done, no timeouts in PoC
            Debug.WriteLine("Send-wait");
            byte IrqFlags = rfm9XDevice.RegisterReadByte(0x12); // RegIrqFlags
            while ((IrqFlags & 0b00001000) == 0)  // wait until TxDone cleared
            {
               Thread.Sleep(10);
               IrqFlags = rfm9XDevice.RegisterReadByte(0x12); // RegIrqFlags
               Debug.WriteLine(".");
            }
            rfm9XDevice.RegisterWriteByte(0x12, 0b00001000); // clear TxDone bit
            Debug.WriteLine("Send-Done");

            Thread.Sleep(30000);
         }
      }
   }

When I ran the SC20100 application in Visual Studio

'GHIElectronics.TinyCLR.VisualStudio.ProjectSystem.dll' (Managed): Loaded 'C:\Users\BrynLewis\source\repos\RFM9X.TinyCLR\TransmitBasic\bin\Debug\pe\..\TransmitBasic.exe', Symbols loaded.
The thread '<No Name>' (0x2) has exited with code 0 (0x0).
Sending 13 bytes message Hello LoRa 1!
Send-wait
.
.
.
.
Send-Done
Sending 13 bytes message Hello LoRa 2!
Send-wait
.
.
.
.
Send-Done

I could the see the messages arriving at the Armtronix device in the Arduino monitor.

14:13:34.722 -> Message: Hello LoRa 1!
14:13:34.722 -> Length: 13
14:13:34.756 -> FirstChar: 72
14:13:34.756 -> RSSI: -48
14:13:34.756 -> Snr: 9.75
14:13:34.790 -> 
14:13:36.658 -> Sending HeLoRa World! 24
14:13:47.105 -> Sending HeLoRa World! 26
14:13:57.740 -> Sending HeLoRa World! 28
14:14:04.745 -> Message: Hello LoRa 2!
14:14:04.745 -> Length: 13
14:14:04.779 -> FirstChar: 72
14:14:04.779 -> RSSI: -49
14:14:04.779 -> Snr: 9.50
14:14:04.847 -> 

The SC20100 receive application configures the SX127X, polls a status register to looking to see if a message has arrived, displays it as text and then goes back to waiting.

   class Program
   {
      static void Main()
      {
         Rfm9XDevice rfm9XDevice = new Rfm9XDevice(SC20100.SpiBus.Spi3, SC20100.GpioPin.PA13, SC20100.GpioPin.PA14);

         // Put device into LoRa + Sleep mode
         rfm9XDevice.RegisterWriteByte(0x01, 0b10000000); // RegOpMode 

         // Set the frequency to 915MHz
         byte[] frequencyWriteBytes = { 0xE4, 0xC0, 0x00 }; // RegFrMsb, RegFrMid, RegFrLsb
         rfm9XDevice.RegisterWrite(0x06, frequencyWriteBytes);

         rfm9XDevice.RegisterWriteByte(0x0F, 0x0); // RegFifoRxBaseAddress 

         rfm9XDevice.RegisterWriteByte(0x01, 0b10000101); // RegOpMode set LoRa & RxContinuous

         while (true)
         {
            // Wait until a packet is received, no timeouts in PoC
            Debug.WriteLine("Receive-Wait");
            byte irqFlags = rfm9XDevice.RegisterReadByte(0x12); // RegIrqFlags
            while ((irqFlags & 0b01000000) == 0)  // wait until RxDone cleared
            {
               Thread.Sleep(100);
               irqFlags = rfm9XDevice.RegisterReadByte(0x12); // RegIrqFlags
               //Debug.Write(".");
            }
            Debug.WriteLine("");
            Debug.WriteLine($"RegIrqFlags 0X{irqFlags:X2}");
            Debug.WriteLine("Receive-Message");
            byte currentFifoAddress = rfm9XDevice.RegisterReadByte(0x10); // RegFifiRxCurrent
            rfm9XDevice.RegisterWriteByte(0x0d, currentFifoAddress); // RegFifoAddrPtr

            byte numberOfBytes = rfm9XDevice.RegisterReadByte(0x13); // RegRxNbBytes

            byte[] messageBytes = rfm9XDevice.RegisterRead(0x00, numberOfBytes); // RegFifo

            rfm9XDevice.RegisterWriteByte(0x0d, 0);
            rfm9XDevice.RegisterWriteByte(0x12, 0b11111111); // RegIrqFlags clear all the bits

            string messageText = UTF8Encoding.UTF8.GetString(messageBytes);
            Debug.WriteLine($"Received {messageBytes.Length} byte message {messageText}");

            Debug.WriteLine("Receive-Done");
         }
      }
   }

When I ran the SC20100 application in Visual Studio

'GHIElectronics.TinyCLR.VisualStudio.ProjectSystem.dll' (Managed): Loaded 'C:\Users\BrynLewis\source\repos\RFM9X.TinyCLR\ReceiveBasic\bin\Debug\pe\..\ReceiveBasic.exe', Symbols loaded.
The thread '<No Name>' (0x2) has exited with code 0 (0x0).
Receive-Wait

RegIrqFlags 0X50
Receive-Message
Received 16 byte message HeLoRa World! 74
Receive-Done
Receive-Wait

RegIrqFlags 0X50
Receive-Message
Received 59 byte message  �LoRaIoT1Maduino2at 64.6,ah 66,wsa 2,wsg 3,wd 37.13,r 0.00,
Receive-Done
Receive-Wait

RegIrqFlags 0X50
Receive-Message
Received 16 byte message HeLoRa World! 76
Receive-Done
Receive-Wait

RegIrqFlags 0X50
Receive-Message
Received 16 byte message HeLoRa World! 78
Receive-Done
Receive-Wait

I could the see the messages arriving at the Armtronix device in the Arduino monitor.

14:18:02.785 -> Sending HeLoRa World! 74
14:18:09.270 -> Message: ⸮LoRaIoT1Maduino2at 64.6,ah 66,wsa 2,wsg 3,wd 37.13,r 0.00,
14:18:09.339 -> Length: 59
14:18:09.339 -> FirstChar: 136
14:18:09.407 -> RSSI: -83
14:18:09.407 -> Snr: 9.75
14:18:09.407 -> 
14:18:13.249 -> Sending HeLoRa World! 76
14:18:23.416 -> Sending HeLoRa World! 78
14:18:33.582 -> Sending HeLoRa World! 80
14:18:43.883 -> Sending HeLoRa World! 82
14:18:54.136 -> Sending HeLoRa World! 84

I’ll merge the transmit and receive on interrupt samples in the next post as a final step before porting the core library modules.

TinyCLR OS V2 LoRa library Part2

Register Dump, Read and Write

Next step was to dump all registers (0x00 thru 0x42) of the SX1276/7/8/9 device and confirm I could read/write registers as bytes, words and arrays of bytes. The original TinyCLR V1 code didn’t require many changes to work with TinyCLR V2(Preview 5), and these were mainly limited to SPI port setup.

I do like the TinyCLR support for string interpolation with the $ special character. Often neat language features like this have been first to go to reduce the size of the runtime.

namespace devMobile.IoT.Rfm9x.RegisterScan
{
   using System;
   using System.Diagnostics;
   using System.Threading;
   using GHIElectronics.TinyCLR.Devices.Gpio;
   using GHIElectronics.TinyCLR.Devices.Spi;
   using GHIElectronics.TinyCLR.Pins;

   public sealed class Rfm9XDevice
   {
      private SpiDevice rfm9XLoraModem = null;

      public Rfm9XDevice(string spiPortName, int chipSelectPin)
      {
         GpioPin chipSelectGpio = GpioController.GetDefault().OpenPin(chipSelectPin);

         var settings = new SpiConnectionSettings()
         {
            ChipSelectType = SpiChipSelectType.Gpio,
            ChipSelectLine = chipSelectGpio,
            Mode = SpiMode.Mode0,
            ClockFrequency = 500000,
            ChipSelectActiveState = false,
         };

         SpiController spiController = SpiController.FromName(spiPortName);

         rfm9XLoraModem = spiController.GetDevice(settings);
      }

      public Byte RegisterReadByte(byte registerAddress)
      {
         byte[] writeBuffer = new byte[] { registerAddress, 0x0 };
         byte[] readBuffer = new byte[writeBuffer.Length];
         Debug.Assert(rfm9XLoraModem != null);

         rfm9XLoraModem.TransferFullDuplex(writeBuffer, readBuffer);

         return readBuffer[1];
      }
   }

   class Program
   {
      static void Main()
      {
         Rfm9XDevice rfm9XDevice = new Rfm9XDevice(SC20100.SpiBus.Spi3, SC20100.GpioPin.PA13);

         while (true)
         {
            for (byte registerIndex = 0; registerIndex <= 0x42; registerIndex++)
            {
               byte registerValue = rfm9XDevice.RegisterReadByte(registerIndex);

               Debug.WriteLine($"Register 0x{registerIndex:x2} - Value 0X{registerValue:x2}");
            }
            Debug.WriteLine("");

            Thread.Sleep(10000);
         }
      }
   }
}

The output of the application looked like this

'GHIElectronics.TinyCLR.VisualStudio.ProjectSystem.dll' (Managed): Loaded 'C:\Users\BrynLewis\source\repos\RFM9X.TinyCLR\RegisterScan\bin\Debug\pe\..\RegisterScan.exe', Symbols loaded.
The thread '<No Name>' (0x2) has exited with code 0 (0x0).
Register 0x00 - Value 0X00
Register 0x01 - Value 0X0f
Register 0x02 - Value 0X1a
Register 0x03 - Value 0X0b
Register 0x04 - Value 0X00
Register 0x05 - Value 0X52
Register 0x06 - Value 0X6c
Register 0x07 - Value 0X80
Register 0x08 - Value 0X00
Register 0x09 - Value 0X4f
Register 0x0a - Value 0X09
Register 0x0b - Value 0X2b
Register 0x0c - Value 0X20
Register 0x0d - Value 0X08
Register 0x0e - Value 0X02
Register 0x0f - Value 0X0a
Register 0x10 - Value 0Xff
Register 0x11 - Value 0X00
Register 0x12 - Value 0X15
Register 0x13 - Value 0X0b
Register 0x14 - Value 0X28
Register 0x15 - Value 0X0c
Register 0x16 - Value 0X12
Register 0x17 - Value 0X47
Register 0x18 - Value 0X32
Register 0x19 - Value 0X3e
Register 0x1a - Value 0X00
Register 0x1b - Value 0X00
Register 0x1c - Value 0X00
Register 0x1d - Value 0X00
Register 0x1e - Value 0X00
Register 0x1f - Value 0X40
Register 0x20 - Value 0X00
Register 0x21 - Value 0X00
Register 0x22 - Value 0X00
Register 0x23 - Value 0X00
Register 0x24 - Value 0X0d
Register 0x25 - Value 0X00
Register 0x26 - Value 0X03
Register 0x27 - Value 0X93
Register 0x28 - Value 0X55
Register 0x29 - Value 0X55
Register 0x2a - Value 0X55
Register 0x2b - Value 0X55
Register 0x2c - Value 0X55
Register 0x2d - Value 0X55
Register 0x2e - Value 0X55
Register 0x2f - Value 0X55
Register 0x30 - Value 0X90
Register 0x31 - Value 0X40
Register 0x32 - Value 0X40
Register 0x33 - Value 0X00
Register 0x34 - Value 0X00
Register 0x35 - Value 0X0f
Register 0x36 - Value 0X00
Register 0x37 - Value 0X00
Register 0x38 - Value 0X00
Register 0x39 - Value 0Xf5
Register 0x3a - Value 0X20
Register 0x3b - Value 0X82
Register 0x3c - Value 0X00
Register 0x3d - Value 0X02
Register 0x3e - Value 0X00
Register 0x3f - Value 0X40
Register 0x40 - Value 0X00
Register 0x41 - Value 0X00
Register 0x42 - Value 0X12

The device was not in LoRa mode (Bit 7 of RegOpMode 0x01) so the next step was to update the TinyCLR V1 code and confirm I could change the device configuration.

   class Program
   {
      static void Main()
      {
         Rfm9XDevice rfm9XDevice = new Rfm9XDevice(SC20100.SpiBus.Spi3, SC20100.GpioPin.PA13, SC20100.GpioPin.PA14);

         rfm9XDevice.RegisterDump();

         while (true)
         {
            Debug.WriteLine("Read RegOpMode (read byte)");
            Byte regOpMode1 = rfm9XDevice.RegisterReadByte(0x1);
            Debug.WriteLine($"RegOpMode 0x{regOpMode1:x2}");

            Debug.WriteLine("Set LoRa mode and sleep mode (write byte)");
            rfm9XDevice.RegisterWriteByte(0x01, 0b10000000);

            Debug.WriteLine("Read RegOpMode (read byte)");
            Byte regOpMode2 = rfm9XDevice.RegisterReadByte(0x1);
            Debug.WriteLine($"RegOpMode 0x{regOpMode2:x2}");

            Debug.WriteLine("Read the preamble (read word)");
            ushort preamble = rfm9XDevice.RegisterReadWord(0x20);
            Debug.WriteLine($"Preamble 0x{preamble:x2}");

            Debug.WriteLine("Set the preamble to 0x80 (write word)");
            rfm9XDevice.RegisterWriteWord(0x20, 0x80);

            Debug.WriteLine("Read the center frequency (read byte array)");
            byte[] frequencyReadBytes = rfm9XDevice.RegisterRead(0x06, 3);
            Debug.WriteLine($"Frequency Msb 0x{frequencyReadBytes[0]:x2} Mid 0x{frequencyReadBytes[1]:x2} Lsb 0x{frequencyReadBytes[2]:x2}");

            Debug.WriteLine("Set the center frequency to 915MHz (write byte array)");
            byte[] frequencyWriteBytes = { 0xE4, 0xC0, 0x00 };
            rfm9XDevice.RegisterWrite(0x06, frequencyWriteBytes);

            rfm9XDevice.RegisterDump();

            Thread.Sleep(30000);
         }
      }

The output of the application looked like this

Register dump
Register 0x00 - Value 0X00
Register 0x01 - Value 0X09
Register 0x02 - Value 0X1a
Register 0x03 - Value 0X0b
Register 0x04 - Value 0X00
Register 0x05 - Value 0X52
Register 0x06 - Value 0X6c
Register 0x07 - Value 0X80
Register 0x08 - Value 0X00
Register 0x09 - Value 0X4f
Register 0x0a - Value 0X09
Register 0x0b - Value 0X2b
Register 0x0c - Value 0X20
Register 0x0d - Value 0X08
Register 0x0e - Value 0X02
Register 0x0f - Value 0X0a
Register 0x10 - Value 0Xff
Register 0x11 - Value 0X71
Register 0x12 - Value 0X15
Register 0x13 - Value 0X0b
Register 0x14 - Value 0X28
Register 0x15 - Value 0X0c
Register 0x16 - Value 0X12
Register 0x17 - Value 0X47
Register 0x18 - Value 0X32
Register 0x19 - Value 0X3e
Register 0x1a - Value 0X00
Register 0x1b - Value 0X00
Register 0x1c - Value 0X00
Register 0x1d - Value 0X00
Register 0x1e - Value 0X00
Register 0x1f - Value 0X40
Register 0x20 - Value 0X00
Register 0x21 - Value 0X00
Register 0x22 - Value 0X00
Register 0x23 - Value 0X00
Register 0x24 - Value 0X05
Register 0x25 - Value 0X00
Register 0x26 - Value 0X03
Register 0x27 - Value 0X93
Register 0x28 - Value 0X55
Register 0x29 - Value 0X55
Register 0x2a - Value 0X55
Register 0x2b - Value 0X55
Register 0x2c - Value 0X55
Register 0x2d - Value 0X55
Register 0x2e - Value 0X55
Register 0x2f - Value 0X55
Register 0x30 - Value 0X90
Register 0x31 - Value 0X40
Register 0x32 - Value 0X40
Register 0x33 - Value 0X00
Register 0x34 - Value 0X00
Register 0x35 - Value 0X0f
Register 0x36 - Value 0X00
Register 0x37 - Value 0X00
Register 0x38 - Value 0X00
Register 0x39 - Value 0Xf5
Register 0x3a - Value 0X20
Register 0x3b - Value 0X82
Register 0x3c - Value 0Xff
Register 0x3d - Value 0X02
Register 0x3e - Value 0X80
Register 0x3f - Value 0X40
Register 0x40 - Value 0X00
Register 0x41 - Value 0X00
Register 0x42 - Value 0X12
Read RegOpMode (read byte)
RegOpMode 0x09
Set LoRa mode and sleep mode (write byte)
Read RegOpMode (read byte)
RegOpMode 0x80
Read the preamble (read word)
Preamble 0x08
Set the preamble to 0x80 (write word)
Read the center frequency (read byte array)
Frequency Msb 0x6c Mid 0x80 Lsb 0x00
Set the center frequency to 915MHz (write byte array)
Register dump
Register 0x00 - Value 0X88
Register 0x01 - Value 0X80
Register 0x02 - Value 0X1a
Register 0x03 - Value 0X0b
Register 0x04 - Value 0X00
Register 0x05 - Value 0X52
Register 0x06 - Value 0Xe4
Register 0x07 - Value 0Xc0
Register 0x08 - Value 0X00
Register 0x09 - Value 0X4f
Register 0x0a - Value 0X09
Register 0x0b - Value 0X2b
Register 0x0c - Value 0X20
Register 0x0d - Value 0X01
Register 0x0e - Value 0X80
Register 0x0f - Value 0X00
Register 0x10 - Value 0X00
Register 0x11 - Value 0X00
Register 0x12 - Value 0X00
Register 0x13 - Value 0X00
Register 0x14 - Value 0X00
Register 0x15 - Value 0X00
Register 0x16 - Value 0X00
Register 0x17 - Value 0X00
Register 0x18 - Value 0X10
Register 0x19 - Value 0X00
Register 0x1a - Value 0X00
Register 0x1b - Value 0X00
Register 0x1c - Value 0X00
Register 0x1d - Value 0X72
Register 0x1e - Value 0X70
Register 0x1f - Value 0X64
Register 0x20 - Value 0X80
Register 0x21 - Value 0X00
Register 0x22 - Value 0X01
Register 0x23 - Value 0Xff
Register 0x24 - Value 0X00
Register 0x25 - Value 0X00
Register 0x26 - Value 0X04
Register 0x27 - Value 0X00
Register 0x28 - Value 0X00
Register 0x29 - Value 0X00
Register 0x2a - Value 0X00
Register 0x2b - Value 0X00
Register 0x2c - Value 0X00
Register 0x2d - Value 0X50
Register 0x2e - Value 0X14
Register 0x2f - Value 0X45
Register 0x30 - Value 0X55
Register 0x31 - Value 0Xc3
Register 0x32 - Value 0X05
Register 0x33 - Value 0X27
Register 0x34 - Value 0X1c
Register 0x35 - Value 0X0a
Register 0x36 - Value 0X03
Register 0x37 - Value 0X0a
Register 0x38 - Value 0X42
Register 0x39 - Value 0X12
Register 0x3a - Value 0X49
Register 0x3b - Value 0X1d
Register 0x3c - Value 0X00
Register 0x3d - Value 0Xaf
Register 0x3e - Value 0X00
Register 0x3f - Value 0X00
Register 0x40 - Value 0X00
Register 0x41 - Value 0X00
Register 0x42 - Value 0X12

In addition to confirming register read/write worked, I also temporarily exposed the SX127X/RFM9X reset functionality to ensure the device registers were being reset to factory as well.

TinyCLR OS V2 LoRa library Part1

Shortly after finishing my TinyCLR OS V1 LoRa Library port GHI Electronics started talking publicly about their new SITCore hardware and updated TinyCLR.

To get started I used a Dragino LoRa shield for Arduino and some jumper leads to connect it to the SC20100 device I had been sent

Dragino Arduino LoRa Shield Schematic

The shield uses D10 for chip select, D2 for RFM9X DI0 interrupt and D9 for Reset. The shield ships with the SPI lines configured for ICSP so the three jumpers diagonally across the shield from the antenna connector need to be swapped to the side closest to the edge of the shield.

SC20100 Device with Dragino Shield

First step was to confirm I could (using the TinyCLR SPI NuGet library) read a couple of the Semtech SX1276 registers.

namespace devMobile.IoT.Rfm9x.ShieldSpi
{
   using System;
   using System.Diagnostics;

   using System.Threading;
   using GHIElectronics.TinyCLR.Devices.Spi;
   using GHIElectronics.TinyCLR.Pins;

   class Program
   {
      static void Main()
      {
         var settings = new SpiConnectionSettings()
         {
            ChipSelectType = SpiChipSelectType.Gpio,
            //ChipSelectLine = FEZ.GpioPin.D10,
            ChipSelectLine = GHIElectronics.TinyCLR.Devices.Gpio.GpioController.GetDefault().OpenPin(SC20100.GpioPin.PA13), 
            Mode = SpiMode.Mode0,
            //Mode = SpiMode.Mode1,
            //Mode = SpiMode.Mode2,
            //Mode = SpiMode.Mode3,
            ClockFrequency = 500000,
            //DataBitLength = 8, Removed as part of TiyCLR V2 Upgrade
            //ChipSelectActiveState = true
            ChipSelectActiveState = false,
            //ChipSelectHoldTime = new TimeSpan(0, 0, 0, 0, 500),
            //ChipSelectSetupTime = new TimeSpan(0, 0, 0, 0, 500),
         };

         //var controller = SpiController.FromName(FEZ.SpiBus.Spi1);
         var controller = SpiController.FromName(SC20100.SpiBus.Spi3);
         var device = controller.GetDevice(settings);

         Thread.Sleep(500);

         while (true)
         {
            byte register;
            byte[] writeBuffer;
            byte[] readBuffer;

            // Silicon Version info
            register = 0x42; // RegVersion expecting 0x12

            // Frequency
            //register = 0x06; // RegFrfMsb expecting 0x6C
            //register = 0x07; // RegFrfMid expecting 0x80
            //register = 0x08; // RegFrfLsb expecting 0x00

            //register = 0x17; //RegPayoadLength expecting 0x47

            // Preamble length 
            //register = 0x18; // RegPreambleMsb expecting 0x32
            //register = 0x19; // RegPreambleLsb expecting 0x3E

            //register <<= 1;
            //register |= 0x80;

            //writeBuffer = new byte[] { register };
            writeBuffer = new byte[] { register, 0x0 };
            //writeBuffer = new byte[] {register, 0x0, 0x0};
            //writeBuffer = new byte[] {register, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0};

            readBuffer = new byte[writeBuffer.Length];

            //device.TransferSequential(writeBuffer, readBuffer);
            device.TransferFullDuplex(writeBuffer, readBuffer);

            Debug.WriteLine("Value = 0x" + BytesToHexString(readBuffer));

            Thread.Sleep(1000);
         }
      }

      private static string BytesToHexString(byte[] bytes)
      {
         string hexString = string.Empty;

         // Loop through the bytes.
         for (byte b = 0; b < bytes.Length; b++)
         {
            if (b > 0)
               hexString += "-";

            hexString += bytes[b].ToString("x2");
         }

         return hexString;
      }
   }
}

After updating the way the chip select line was configured I could successfully read the RegVersion and default frequency values

'GHIElectronics.TinyCLR.VisualStudio.ProjectSystem.dll' (Managed): Loaded 'C:\Users\BrynLewis\source\repos\RFM9X.TinyCLR\ShieldSPI\bin\Debug\pe\..\GHIElectronics.TinyCLR.Native.dll'
'GHIElectronics.TinyCLR.VisualStudio.ProjectSystem.dll' (Managed): Loaded 'C:\Users\BrynLewis\source\repos\RFM9X.TinyCLR\ShieldSPI\bin\Debug\pe\..\GHIElectronics.TinyCLR.Devices.Gpio.dll'
'GHIElectronics.TinyCLR.VisualStudio.ProjectSystem.dll' (Managed): Loaded 'C:\Users\BrynLewis\source\repos\RFM9X.TinyCLR\ShieldSPI\bin\Debug\pe\..\GHIElectronics.TinyCLR.Devices.Spi.dll'
'GHIElectronics.TinyCLR.VisualStudio.ProjectSystem.dll' (Managed): Loaded 'C:\Users\BrynLewis\source\repos\RFM9X.TinyCLR\ShieldSPI\bin\Debug\pe\..\ShieldSPI.exe', Symbols loaded.
The thread '<No Name>' (0x2) has exited with code 0 (0x0).
Value = 0x00-12
Value = 0x00-12
Value = 0x00-12
Value = 0x00-12
Value = 0x00-12

I also updated the BytesToHexString method to use the byte.ToString( string format) overload which is implemented by the TinyCLR runtime.

nanoFramework LoRa library Part4A

Transmit Basic

I had a couple of Armtronix IA005 SX1276 loRa nodes sitting on my desk from a recent post so I used one of them running a modified version of the Arduino LoRa library LoRaSetSyncWord example to receive messages from my STM32F429 Discovery + Dragino LoRa shield for Arduino test rig.

STM32F429 Discovery+ Dragino LoRa shield with Armtronix device
/*
  LoRa Duplex communication with Sync Word
 
  Sends a message every half second, and polls continually
  for new incoming messages. Sets the LoRa radio's Sync Word.
 
  Spreading factor is basically the radio's network ID. Radios with different
  Sync Words will not receive each other's transmissions. This is one way you
  can filter out radios you want to ignore, without making an addressing scheme.
 
  See the Semtech datasheet, http://www.semtech.com/images/datasheet/sx1276.pdf
  for more on Sync Word.
 
  created 28 April 2017
  by Tom Igoe
*/
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <LoRa.h>
const int csPin = PA4;          // LoRa radio chip select
const int resetPin = PC13;       // LoRa radio reset
const int irqPin = PA11;         // change for your board; must be a hardware interrupt pin
 
byte msgCount = 0;            // count of outgoing messages
int interval = 2000;          // interval between sends
long lastSendTime = 0;        // time of last packet send
 
void setup() {
  Serial.begin(9600);                   // initialize serial
  while (!Serial);
 
  Serial.println("LoRa Duplex - Set sync word");
 
  // override the default CS, reset, and IRQ pins (optional)
  LoRa.setPins(csPin, resetPin, irqPin);// set CS, reset, IRQ pin
 
  if (!LoRa.begin(915E6)) {             // initialize ratio at 915 MHz
    Serial.println("LoRa init failed. Check your connections.");
    while (true);                       // if failed, do nothing
  }
 
  LoRa.setSyncWord(0x12);           // ranges from 0-0xFF, default 0x34, see API docs
 
  LoRa.dumpRegisters(Serial);
  Serial.println("LoRa init succeeded.");
}
 
void loop() {
  if (millis() - lastSendTime > interval) {
    String message = "HeLoRa World! ";   // send a message
    message += msgCount;
    sendMessage(message);
    Serial.println("Sending " + message);
    lastSendTime = millis();            // timestamp the message
    interval = random(1000) + 10000;    // 10-11 seconds
    msgCount++;
  }
 
  // parse for a packet, and call onReceive with the result:
  onReceive(LoRa.parsePacket());
}
 
void sendMessage(String outgoing) {
  LoRa.beginPacket();                   // start packet
  LoRa.print(outgoing);                 // add payload
  LoRa.endPacket();                     // finish packet and send it
  msgCount++;                           // increment message ID
}
 
void onReceive(int packetSize) {
  if (packetSize == 0) return;          // if there's no packet, return
 
  // read packet header bytes:
  String incoming = "";
 
  while (LoRa.available()) {
    incoming += (char)LoRa.read();
  }
 
  Serial.println("Message: " + incoming);
  Serial.println("RSSI: " + String(LoRa.packetRssi()));
  Serial.println("Snr: " + String(LoRa.packetSnr()));
  Serial.println();
}

The STM32F429 Discovery application

namespace devMobile.IoT.Rfm9x.TransmitBasic
{
   using System;
   using System.Text;
   using System.Threading;

   using Windows.Devices.Gpio;
   using Windows.Devices.Spi;

   public sealed class Rfm9XDevice
   {
      private SpiDevice rfm9XLoraModem;
      private GpioPin chipSelectGpioPin;
      private const byte RegisterAddressReadMask = 0X7f;
      private const byte RegisterAddressWriteMask = 0x80;

      public Rfm9XDevice(string spiPort, int chipSelectPin, int resetPin)
      {
         var settings = new SpiConnectionSettings(chipSelectPin)
         {
            ClockFrequency = 500000,
//            DataBitLength = 8,
            Mode = SpiMode.Mode0,// From SemTech docs pg 80 CPOL=0, CPHA=0
            SharingMode = SpiSharingMode.Shared,
         };

         rfm9XLoraModem = SpiDevice.FromId(spiPort, settings);

         GpioController gpioController = GpioController.GetDefault();

         // Chip select pin configuration
         chipSelectGpioPin = gpioController.OpenPin(chipSelectPin);
         chipSelectGpioPin.SetDriveMode(GpioPinDriveMode.Output);

         // Factory reset pin configuration
         GpioPin resetGpioPin = gpioController.OpenPin(resetPin);
         resetGpioPin.SetDriveMode(GpioPinDriveMode.Output);
         resetGpioPin.Write(GpioPinValue.Low);
         Thread.Sleep(10);
         resetGpioPin.Write(GpioPinValue.High);
         Thread.Sleep(10);
      }

      public Byte RegisterReadByte(byte registerAddress)
      {
         byte[] writeBuffer = new byte[] { registerAddress &= RegisterAddressReadMask, 0x0 };
         byte[] readBuffer = new byte[writeBuffer.Length];

         rfm9XLoraModem.TransferFullDuplex(writeBuffer, readBuffer);

         return readBuffer[1];
      }

      public ushort RegisterReadWord(byte address)
      {
         byte[] writeBuffer = new byte[] { address &= RegisterAddressReadMask, 0x0, 0x0 };
         byte[] readBuffer = new byte[writeBuffer.Length];

         rfm9XLoraModem.TransferFullDuplex(writeBuffer, readBuffer);

         return (ushort)(readBuffer[2] + (readBuffer[1] << 8));
      }

      public byte[] RegisterRead(byte address, int length)
      {
         byte[] writeBuffer = new byte[length + 1];
         byte[] readBuffer = new byte[length + 1];
         byte[] repyBuffer = new byte[length];

         writeBuffer[0] = address &= RegisterAddressReadMask;

         rfm9XLoraModem.TransferFullDuplex(writeBuffer, readBuffer);

         Array.Copy(readBuffer, 1, repyBuffer, 0, length);

         return repyBuffer;
      }

      public void RegisterWriteByte(byte address, byte value)
      {
         byte[] writeBuffer = new byte[] { address |= RegisterAddressWriteMask, value };

         rfm9XLoraModem.Write(writeBuffer);
      }

      public void RegisterWriteWord(byte address, ushort value)
      {
         byte[] valueBytes = BitConverter.GetBytes(value);
         byte[] writeBuffer = new byte[] { address |= RegisterAddressWriteMask, valueBytes[0], valueBytes[1] };

         rfm9XLoraModem.Write(writeBuffer);
      }

      public void RegisterWrite(byte address, byte[] bytes)
      {
         byte[] writeBuffer = new byte[1 + bytes.Length];

         Array.Copy(bytes, 0, writeBuffer, 1, bytes.Length);
         writeBuffer[0] = address |= RegisterAddressWriteMask;

         rfm9XLoraModem.Write(writeBuffer);
      }

      public void RegisterDump()
      {
         Console.WriteLine("Register dump");
         for (byte registerIndex = 0; registerIndex <= 0x42; registerIndex++)
         {
            byte registerValue = this.RegisterReadByte(registerIndex);

            Console.WriteLine($"Register 0x{registerIndex:x2} - Value 0X{registerValue:x2}");
         }
      }
   }

   class Program
   {
      static void Main()
      {
         Rfm9XDevice rfm9XDevice = new Rfm9XDevice("SPI5", PinNumber('C', 2), PinNumber('C', 3));
         int SendCount = 0;

         // Put device into LoRa + Sleep mode
         rfm9XDevice.RegisterWriteByte(0x01, 0b10000000); // RegOpMode 

         // Set the frequency to 915MHz
         byte[] frequencyWriteBytes = { 0xE4, 0xC0, 0x00 }; // RegFrMsb, RegFrMid, RegFrLsb
         rfm9XDevice.RegisterWrite(0x06, frequencyWriteBytes);

         // More power PA Boost
         rfm9XDevice.RegisterWriteByte(0x09, 0b10000000); // RegPaConfig

         rfm9XDevice.RegisterDump();

         while (true)
         {
            rfm9XDevice.RegisterWriteByte(0x0E, 0x0); // RegFifoTxBaseAddress 

            // Set the Register Fifo address pointer
            rfm9XDevice.RegisterWriteByte(0x0D, 0x0); // RegFifoAddrPtr 

            string messageText = $"Hello LoRa {SendCount += 1}!";

            // load the message into the fifo
            byte[] messageBytes = UTF8Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(messageText);
            rfm9XDevice.RegisterWrite(0x0, messageBytes); // RegFifo

            // Set the length of the message in the fifo
            rfm9XDevice.RegisterWriteByte(0x22, (byte)messageBytes.Length); // RegPayloadLength

            Console.WriteLine($"Sending {messageBytes.Length} bytes message {messageText}");
            /// Set the mode to LoRa + Transmit
            rfm9XDevice.RegisterWriteByte(0x01, 0b10000011); // RegOpMode 

            // Wait until send done, no timeouts in PoC
            Console.WriteLine("Send-wait");
            byte IrqFlags = rfm9XDevice.RegisterReadByte(0x12); // RegIrqFlags
            while ((IrqFlags & 0b00001000) == 0)  // wait until TxDone cleared
            {
               Thread.Sleep(10);
               IrqFlags = rfm9XDevice.RegisterReadByte(0x12); // RegIrqFlags
               Console.WriteLine(".");
            }
            rfm9XDevice.RegisterWriteByte(0x12, 0b00001000); // clear TxDone bit
            Console.WriteLine("Send-Done");

            Thread.Sleep(10000);
         }
      }

      static int PinNumber(char port, byte pin)
      {
         if (port < 'A' || port > 'J')
            throw new ArgumentException();

         return ((port - 'A') * 16) + pin;
      }
   }

When I ran the nanoFramework application in Visual Studio 2019 the text below was displayed in the output window.

Sending 13 bytes message Hello LoRa 1!
Send-wait
.
.
.
.
.
Send-Done
Sending 13 bytes message Hello LoRa 2!
Send-wait
.
.
.
.
.
Send-Done

I could the see the messages arriving at the Armtronix device in the Arduino monitor.

10:48:31.215 -> Sending HeLoRa World! 202
10:48:40.870 -> Message: ⸮Hello LoRa 1
10:48:40.870 -> Length: 13
10:48:40.905 -> FirstChar: 143
10:48:40.905 -> RSSI: -41
10:48:40.905 -> Snr: 9.00
10:48:40.940 -> 
10:48:41.630 -> Sending HeLoRa World! 204
10:48:50.946 -> Message: ⸮Hello LoRa 2
10:48:50.946 -> Length: 13
10:48:50.981 -> FirstChar: 143
10:48:50.981 -> RSSI: -34
10:48:50.981 -> Snr: 9.25

This nano Frameowork proof of concept (PoC) code is not working as expected. There is a single byte containing 0X8F (the ⸮) prepended to each message.

I downloaded the nanoFramework Windows.Devices.Spi project, and removed the Nerdbank.GitVersioning library. I could then build, deploy and single step through the nanoFramework SPI library.

Bytes to be sent in the Transmit Basic code
Bytes to be sent in the Windows.Devices.Spi library just before the firmware call

The extra byte prepended to the message is the write mask which is expected.

NLog and Application Insights Revisited

Just a few small changes to my NLog sample logging to Azure Application Insights.

I modified the application so I could provide the InstrumentationKey via the command line or the ApplicationInsights.Config file.(I have a minimalist config for this sample)

namespace devMobile.Azure.ApplicationInsightsNLogClient
{
   class Program
   {
      private static Logger log = LogManager.GetLogger(System.Reflection.MethodBase.GetCurrentMethod().DeclaringType.ToString());

      static void Main(string[] args)
      {
         if ((args.Length != 0) && (args.Length != 1))
         {
            Console.WriteLine("Usage ApplicationInsightsNLogClient");
            Console.WriteLine("      ApplicationInsightsNLogClient <instrumentationKey>");
            return;
         }

         if (args.Length == 1)
         {
            TelemetryConfiguration.Active.InstrumentationKey = args[0];
         }

         log.Trace("This is an nLog Trace message");
         log.Debug("This is an nLog Debug message");
         log.Info("This is an nLog Info message");
         log.Warn("This is an nLog Warning message");
         log.Error("This is an nLog Error message");
         log.Fatal("This is an nLog Fatal message");

         TelemetryConfiguration.Active.TelemetryChannel.Flush();

			Console.WriteLine("Press <enter> to exit>");
			Console.ReadLine();
		}
	}
}

Code for my sample console application is here.

nanoFramework LoRa library Part3

Register Read and Write

Now that I could reliably dump all the Dragino shield registers I wanted to be able to configure the Semtech 127X device and reset it back to factory settings. A factory reset is done by strobing the reset pin on the device.

SX127X Reset process

To support this my Rfm9XDevice class constructor gained an additional parameter the reset GPIO pin number(my test harness also gained a jumper wire, the blue one). The PinNumber helper is more user friendly that the raw numbers and is “inspired” by sample nanoFramework code

To configure the RFM9X I wrote some wrapper functions for the nanoFramwork SPI API to read/write byte values, word values and arrays of bytes.

  • SCK->PF7->D10
  • MISO->PF8->D12
  • MOSI->PF9->D11
  • CS->PC2->D10
  • Reset->PC1->D9

Each method was tested by read/writing suitable register(s) in the device configuration (Needed to set it into LoRa mode first).

namespace devMobile.IoT.Rfm9x.RegisterReadAndWrite
{
   using System;
   using System.Threading;

   using Windows.Devices.Gpio;
   using Windows.Devices.Spi;

   public sealed class Rfm9XDevice
   {
      private SpiDevice rfm9XLoraModem;
      private const byte RegisterAddressReadMask = 0X7f;
      private const byte RegisterAddressWriteMask = 0x80;

      public Rfm9XDevice(string spiPort, int chipSelectPin, int resetPin)
      {
         var settings = new SpiConnectionSettings(chipSelectPin)
         {
            ClockFrequency = 1000000,
            Mode = SpiMode.Mode0,// From SemTech docs pg 80 CPOL=0, CPHA=0
            SharingMode = SpiSharingMode.Shared
         };

         rfm9XLoraModem = SpiDevice.FromId(spiPort, settings);

         // Factory reset pin configuration
         GpioController gpioController = GpioController.GetDefault();
         GpioPin resetGpioPin = gpioController.OpenPin(resetPin);
         resetGpioPin.SetDriveMode(GpioPinDriveMode.Output);
         resetGpioPin.Write(GpioPinValue.Low);
         Thread.Sleep(10);
         resetGpioPin.Write(GpioPinValue.High);
         Thread.Sleep(10);
      }

      public Byte RegisterReadByte(byte registerAddress)
      {
         byte[] writeBuffer = new byte[] { registerAddress &= RegisterAddressReadMask, 0x0 };
         byte[] readBuffer = new byte[writeBuffer.Length];

         rfm9XLoraModem.TransferFullDuplex(writeBuffer, readBuffer);

         return readBuffer[1];
      }

      public ushort RegisterReadWord(byte address)
      {
         byte[] writeBuffer = new byte[] { address &= RegisterAddressReadMask, 0x0, 0x0 };
         byte[] readBuffer = new byte[writeBuffer.Length];

         rfm9XLoraModem.TransferFullDuplex(writeBuffer, readBuffer);

         return (ushort)(readBuffer[2] + (readBuffer[1] << 8));
      }

      public byte[] RegisterRead(byte address, int length)
      {
         byte[] writeBuffer = new byte[length + 1];
         byte[] readBuffer = new byte[length + 1];
         byte[] repyBuffer = new byte[length];

         writeBuffer[0] = address &= RegisterAddressReadMask;

         rfm9XLoraModem.TransferFullDuplex(writeBuffer, readBuffer);

         Array.Copy(readBuffer, 1, repyBuffer, 0, length);

         return repyBuffer;
      }

      public void RegisterWriteByte(byte address, byte value)
      {
         byte[] writeBuffer = new byte[] { address |= RegisterAddressWriteMask, value };

         rfm9XLoraModem.Write(writeBuffer);
      }

      public void RegisterWriteWord(byte address, ushort value)
      {
         byte[] valueBytes = BitConverter.GetBytes(value);
         byte[] writeBuffer = new byte[] { address |= RegisterAddressWriteMask, valueBytes[0], valueBytes[1] };

         rfm9XLoraModem.Write(writeBuffer);
      }

      public void RegisterWrite(byte address, byte[] bytes)
      {
         byte[] writeBuffer = new byte[1 + bytes.Length];

         Array.Copy(bytes, 0, writeBuffer, 1, bytes.Length);
         writeBuffer[0] = address |= RegisterAddressWriteMask;

         rfm9XLoraModem.Write(writeBuffer);
      }

      public void RegisterDump()
      {
         Console.WriteLine("Register dump");
         for (byte registerIndex = 0; registerIndex <= 0x42; registerIndex++)
         {
            byte registerValue = this.RegisterReadByte(registerIndex);

            Console.WriteLine($"Register 0x{registerIndex:x2} - Value 0X{registerValue:x2}");
         }
      }
   }

   class Program
   {
      static void Main()
      {
         Rfm9XDevice rfm9XDevice = new Rfm9XDevice("SPI5", PinNumber('C', 2), PinNumber('C', 3));

         rfm9XDevice.RegisterDump();

         while (true)
         {
            Console.WriteLine("Read RegOpMode (read byte)");
            Byte regOpMode1 = rfm9XDevice.RegisterReadByte(0x1);
            Console.WriteLine($"RegOpMode 0x{regOpMode1:x2}");

            Console.WriteLine("Set LoRa mode and sleep mode (write byte)");
            rfm9XDevice.RegisterWriteByte(0x01, 0b10000000);

            Console.WriteLine("Read RegOpMode (read byte)");
            Byte regOpMode2 = rfm9XDevice.RegisterReadByte(0x1);
            Console.WriteLine($"RegOpMode 0x{regOpMode2:x2}");

            Console.WriteLine("Read the preamble (read word)");
            ushort preamble = rfm9XDevice.RegisterReadWord(0x20);
            Console.WriteLine($"Preamble 0x{preamble:x2}");

            Console.WriteLine("Set the preamble to 0x80 (write word)");
            rfm9XDevice.RegisterWriteWord(0x20, 0x80);

            Console.WriteLine("Read the center frequency (read byte array)");
            byte[] frequencyReadBytes = rfm9XDevice.RegisterRead(0x06, 5);
            Console.WriteLine($"Frequency Msb 0x{frequencyReadBytes[0]:x2} Mid 0x{frequencyReadBytes[1]:x2} Lsb 0x{frequencyReadBytes[2]:x2}");

            Console.WriteLine("Set the center frequency to 916MHz (write byte array)");
            byte[] frequencyWriteBytes = { 0xE4, 0xC0, 0x00 };
            rfm9XDevice.RegisterWrite(0x06, frequencyWriteBytes);

            rfm9XDevice.RegisterDump();

            Thread.Sleep(30000);
         }
      }

      static int PinNumber(char port, byte pin)
      {
         if (port < 'A' || port > 'J')
            throw new ArgumentException();

         return ((port - 'A') * 16) + pin;
      }
   }

The output of the application looked like this

Attaching to nanoDevice...
Waiting for nanoDevice to initialize...
Updating nanoDevice debugger engine.
The nanoDevice runtime is loading the application assemblies and starting execution.
'nanoFramework.Tools.VS2019.Extension.dll' (Managed): Loaded 'C:\Users\BrynLewis\source\repos\RFM9X.NetNF\RegisterReadAndWrite\bin\Debug\RegisterReadAndWrite.exe', Symbols loaded.
'nanoFramework.Tools.VS2019.Extension.dll' (Managed): Loaded 'C:\Users\BrynLewis\source\repos\RFM9X.NetNF\packages\nanoFramework.Windows.Devices.Spi.1.3.0-preview.12\lib\Windows.Devices.Spi.dll', Symbols loaded.
'nanoFramework.Tools.VS2019.Extension.dll' (Managed): Loaded 'C:\Users\BrynLewis\source\repos\RFM9X.NetNF\packages\nanoFramework.Runtime.Events.1.4.2-preview.1\lib\nanoFramework.Runtime.Events.dll', Symbols loaded.
'nanoFramework.Tools.VS2019.Extension.dll' (Managed): Loaded 'C:\Users\BrynLewis\source\repos\RFM9X.NetNF\packages\nanoFramework.Windows.Devices.Gpio.1.4.1-preview.13\lib\Windows.Devices.Gpio.dll', Symbols loaded.
The thread '<No Name>' (0x2) has exited with code 0 (0x0).
Register dump
Register 0x00 - Value 0X00
Register 0x01 - Value 0X09
Register 0x02 - Value 0X1A
Register 0x03 - Value 0X0B
Register 0x04 - Value 0X00
Register 0x05 - Value 0X52
Register 0x06 - Value 0X6C
Register 0x07 - Value 0X80
Register 0x08 - Value 0X00
Register 0x09 - Value 0X4F
Register 0x0A - Value 0X09
Register 0x0B - Value 0X2B
Register 0x0C - Value 0X20
Register 0x0D - Value 0X08
Register 0x0E - Value 0X02
Register 0x0F - Value 0X0A
Register 0x10 - Value 0XFF
Register 0x11 - Value 0X70
Register 0x12 - Value 0X15
Register 0x13 - Value 0X0B
Register 0x14 - Value 0X28
Register 0x15 - Value 0X0C
Register 0x16 - Value 0X12
Register 0x17 - Value 0X47
Register 0x18 - Value 0X32
Register 0x19 - Value 0X3E
Register 0x1A - Value 0X00
Register 0x1B - Value 0X00
Register 0x1C - Value 0X00
Register 0x1D - Value 0X00
Register 0x1E - Value 0X00
Register 0x1F - Value 0X40
Register 0x20 - Value 0X00
Register 0x21 - Value 0X00
Register 0x22 - Value 0X00
Register 0x23 - Value 0X00
Register 0x24 - Value 0X05
Register 0x25 - Value 0X00
Register 0x26 - Value 0X03
Register 0x27 - Value 0X93
Register 0x28 - Value 0X55
Register 0x29 - Value 0X55
Register 0x2A - Value 0X55
Register 0x2B - Value 0X55
Register 0x2C - Value 0X55
Register 0x2D - Value 0X55
Register 0x2E - Value 0X55
Register 0x2F - Value 0X55
Register 0x30 - Value 0X90
Register 0x31 - Value 0X40
Register 0x32 - Value 0X40
Register 0x33 - Value 0X00
Register 0x34 - Value 0X00
Register 0x35 - Value 0X0F
Register 0x36 - Value 0X00
Register 0x37 - Value 0X00
Register 0x38 - Value 0X00
Register 0x39 - Value 0XF5
Register 0x3A - Value 0X20
Register 0x3B - Value 0X82
Register 0x3C - Value 0XF8
Register 0x3D - Value 0X02
Register 0x3E - Value 0X80
Register 0x3F - Value 0X40
Register 0x40 - Value 0X00
Register 0x41 - Value 0X00
Register 0x42 - Value 0X12
Read RegOpMode (read byte)
RegOpMode 0x09
Set LoRa mode and sleep mode (write byte)
Read RegOpMode (read byte)
RegOpMode 0x80
Read the preamble (read word)
Preamble 0x08
Set the preamble to 0x80 (write word)
Read the center frequency (read byte array)
Frequency Msb 0x6C Mid 0x80 Lsb 0x00
Set the center frequency to 916MHz (write byte array)
Register dump
Register 0x00 - Value 0X8F
Register 0x01 - Value 0X80
Register 0x02 - Value 0XFF
Register 0x03 - Value 0XFF
Register 0x04 - Value 0X00
Register 0x05 - Value 0X52
Register 0x06 - Value 0XE4
Register 0x07 - Value 0XC0
Register 0x08 - Value 0X00
Register 0x09 - Value 0XFF
Register 0x0A - Value 0X7F
Register 0x0B - Value 0X3F
Register 0x0C - Value 0X3F
Register 0x0D - Value 0X00
Register 0x0E - Value 0XFF
Register 0x0F - Value 0X00
Register 0x10 - Value 0X00
Register 0x11 - Value 0X00
Register 0x12 - Value 0X00
Register 0x13 - Value 0X00
Register 0x14 - Value 0X00
Register 0x15 - Value 0X00
Register 0x16 - Value 0X00
Register 0x17 - Value 0X00
Register 0x18 - Value 0X10
Register 0x19 - Value 0X00
Register 0x1A - Value 0X00
Register 0x1B - Value 0X00
Register 0x1C - Value 0X00
Register 0x1D - Value 0X72
Register 0x1E - Value 0X70
Register 0x1F - Value 0X64
Register 0x20 - Value 0X80
Register 0x21 - Value 0X00
Register 0x22 - Value 0XFF
Register 0x23 - Value 0XFF
Register 0x24 - Value 0XFF
Register 0x25 - Value 0X00
Register 0x26 - Value 0X04
Register 0x27 - Value 0X00
Register 0x28 - Value 0X00
Register 0x29 - Value 0X00
Register 0x2A - Value 0X00
Register 0x2B - Value 0X00
Register 0x2C - Value 0X00
Register 0x2D - Value 0X50
Register 0x2E - Value 0X14
Register 0x2F - Value 0X45
Register 0x30 - Value 0X55
Register 0x31 - Value 0XC3
Register 0x32 - Value 0X05
Register 0x33 - Value 0X27
Register 0x34 - Value 0X1C
Register 0x35 - Value 0X0A
Register 0x36 - Value 0X03
Register 0x37 - Value 0X0A
Register 0x38 - Value 0X42
Register 0x39 - Value 0X12
Register 0x3A - Value 0X49
Register 0x3B - Value 0X1D
Register 0x3C - Value 0X00
Register 0x3D - Value 0XAF
Register 0x3E - Value 0X00
Register 0x3F - Value 0X00
Register 0x40 - Value 0X00
Register 0x41 - Value 0X00
Register 0x42 - Value 0X12

The next step is to extract the SPI register access functionality into a module and configure the bare minimum of settings required to get the SX127X to transmit.

nanoFramework LoRa library Part2

Register Dump

Next step was to dump all registers (0x00 thru 0x42) of the SX1276/7/8/9 device.

I’m using “SPI5” for my testing as I could be confident in the pin numbers I copied from the nanoFramework SPI sample application.

namespace devMobile.IoT.Rfm9x.RegisterScan
{
   using System;
   using System.Threading;

   using Windows.Devices.Spi;

   public sealed class Rfm9XDevice
   {
      private SpiController spiController = SpiController.GetDefault();
      private SpiDevice rfm9XLoraModem;

      public Rfm9XDevice(string SpiPort, int chipSelectPin)
      {

         var settings = new SpiConnectionSettings(chipSelectPin)
         {
            ClockFrequency = 500000,
            Mode = SpiMode.Mode0,// From SemTech docs pg 80 CPOL=0, CPHA=0
            SharingMode = SpiSharingMode.Shared
         };

         rfm9XLoraModem = SpiDevice.FromId(SpiPort, settings);
      }

      public Byte RegisterReadByte(byte registerAddress)
      {
         byte[] writeBuffer = new byte[] { registerAddress };
         byte[] readBuffer = new byte[1];

         rfm9XLoraModem.TransferSequential(writeBuffer, readBuffer);

         return readBuffer[0];
      }
   }

   public class Program
   {
      public static void Main()
      {
         try
         {
            Rfm9XDevice rfm9XDevice = new Rfm9XDevice("SPI5", PinNumber('C', 2));

            Thread.Sleep(500);

            while (true)
            {
               for (byte registerIndex = 0; registerIndex <= 0x42; registerIndex++)
               {
                  byte registerValue = rfm9XDevice.RegisterReadByte(registerIndex);

                  Console.WriteLine($"Register 0x{registerIndex:x2} - Value 0X{registerValue:x2}");
               }
               Console.WriteLine("");

               Thread.Sleep(10000);
            }
         }
         catch (Exception ex)
         {
            Console.WriteLine(ex.Message);
         }
      }

      static int PinNumber(char port, byte pin)
      {
         if (port < 'A' || port > 'J')
            throw new ArgumentException();

         return ((port - 'A') * 16) + pin;
      }
   }
}

The output of the application looked like this

Attaching to nanoDevice...
Waiting for nanoDevice to initialize...
Updating nanoDevice debugger engine.
The nanoDevice runtime is loading the application assemblies and starting execution.
'nanoFramework.Tools.VS2019.Extension.dll' (Managed): Loaded 'C:\Users\BrynLewis\source\repos\RFM9X.NetNF\RegisterScan\bin\Debug\RegisterScan.exe', Symbols loaded.
'nanoFramework.Tools.VS2019.Extension.dll' (Managed): Loaded 'C:\Users\BrynLewis\source\repos\RFM9X.NetNF\packages\nanoFramework.Windows.Devices.Spi.1.3.0-preview.12\lib\Windows.Devices.Spi.dll', Symbols loaded.
'nanoFramework.Tools.VS2019.Extension.dll' (Managed): Loaded 'C:\Users\BrynLewis\source\repos\RFM9X.NetNF\packages\nanoFramework.Runtime.Events.1.4.2-preview.1\lib\nanoFramework.Runtime.Events.dll', Symbols loaded.
'nanoFramework.Tools.VS2019.Extension.dll' (Managed): Loaded 'C:\Users\BrynLewis\source\repos\RFM9X.NetNF\packages\nanoFramework.Windows.Devices.Gpio.1.4.1-preview.13\lib\Windows.Devices.Gpio.dll', Symbols loaded.
The thread '<No Name>' (0x2) has exited with code 0 (0x0).
Register 0x00 - Value 0X00
Register 0x01 - Value 0X09
Register 0x02 - Value 0X1A
Register 0x03 - Value 0X0B
Register 0x04 - Value 0X00
Register 0x05 - Value 0X52
Register 0x06 - Value 0X6C
Register 0x07 - Value 0X80
Register 0x08 - Value 0X00
Register 0x09 - Value 0X4F
Register 0x0A - Value 0X09
Register 0x0B - Value 0X2B
Register 0x0C - Value 0X20
Register 0x0D - Value 0X08
Register 0x0E - Value 0X02
Register 0x0F - Value 0X0A
Register 0x10 - Value 0XFF
Register 0x11 - Value 0X70
Register 0x12 - Value 0X15
Register 0x13 - Value 0X0B
Register 0x14 - Value 0X28
Register 0x15 - Value 0X0C
Register 0x16 - Value 0X12
Register 0x17 - Value 0X47
Register 0x18 - Value 0X32
Register 0x19 - Value 0X3E
Register 0x1A - Value 0X00
Register 0x1B - Value 0X00
Register 0x1C - Value 0X00
Register 0x1D - Value 0X00
Register 0x1E - Value 0X00
Register 0x1F - Value 0X40
Register 0x20 - Value 0X00
Register 0x21 - Value 0X00
Register 0x22 - Value 0X00
Register 0x23 - Value 0X00
Register 0x24 - Value 0X05
Register 0x25 - Value 0X00
Register 0x26 - Value 0X03
Register 0x27 - Value 0X93
Register 0x28 - Value 0X55
Register 0x29 - Value 0X55
Register 0x2A - Value 0X55
Register 0x2B - Value 0X55
Register 0x2C - Value 0X55
Register 0x2D - Value 0X55
Register 0x2E - Value 0X55
Register 0x2F - Value 0X55
Register 0x30 - Value 0X90
Register 0x31 - Value 0X40
Register 0x32 - Value 0X40
Register 0x33 - Value 0X00
Register 0x34 - Value 0X00
Register 0x35 - Value 0X0F
Register 0x36 - Value 0X00
Register 0x37 - Value 0X00
Register 0x38 - Value 0X00
Register 0x39 - Value 0XF5
Register 0x3A - Value 0X20
Register 0x3B - Value 0X82
Register 0x3C - Value 0XFB
Register 0x3D - Value 0X02
Register 0x3E - Value 0X80
Register 0x3F - Value 0X40
Register 0x40 - Value 0X00
Register 0x41 - Value 0X00
Register 0x42 - Value 0X12

The device was not in LoRa mode (Bit 7 of RegOpMode 0x01) so the next step was to read and write registers so I could change its configuration.

I’m running (April 2020) preview versions NuGets (1.7.0-preview.12) and having to re-flash the device more often than is desirable.

nanoFramework LoRa library Part1

After writing my Windows 10 IoT Core RFM9X library and porting it to .NetMF, Wilderness Labs Meadow and GHI Electronics TinyCLR-OS I figured yet another platform port shouldn’t take too long.

To get started I used a Dragino LoRa shield for Arduino and jumper wires to connect it to my STM32F4 Discovery Kit running the nanoFramework.

Dragino Arduino LoRa Shield Schematic

My initial pin mapping was

  • SCK->PF7->D10
  • MISO->PF8->D12
  • MOSI->PF9->D11
  • CS->PC2->D10

The shield uses D10 for chip select, D2 for RFM9X DI0 interrupt and D9 for Reset. The shield ships with the SPI lines configured for ICSP so the three jumpers diagonally across the shield from the antenna connector need to be swapped to the side closest to the edge of the shield.

STM32F429 Discovery kit with Dragino Shield

First step was to confirm I could (using the nanoFramework GPIO and SPI Nuget packages) read a couple of the Semtech SX1276 registers.

//---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Copyright (c) April 2020, devMobile Software
//
// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
// You may obtain a copy of the License at
//
//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
//
// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
// limitations under the License.
//
//---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
namespace devMobile.IoT.Rfm9x.ShieldSPI
{
   using System;
   using System.Threading;

   using Windows.Devices.Gpio;
   using Windows.Devices.Spi;

   public class Program
   {
      public static void Main()
      {
         try
         {
            GpioController gpioController = GpioController.GetDefault();

            GpioPin chipSelectGpioPin = gpioController.OpenPin(PinNumber('C', 2));
            chipSelectGpioPin.SetDriveMode(GpioPinDriveMode.Output);

            var settings = new SpiConnectionSettings(chipSelectGpioPin.PinNumber)
            {
               ClockFrequency = 500000,
               Mode = SpiMode.Mode0,// From SemTech docs pg 80 CPOL=0, CPHA=0
               //Mode = SpiMode.Mode1,
               //Mode = SpiMode.Mode2,
               //Mode = SpiMode.Mode3,
               SharingMode = SpiSharingMode.Shared,
               //SharingMode = SpiSharingMode.Exclusive,
            };
            

            SpiDevice Device = SpiDevice.FromId("SPI5", settings);

            Thread.Sleep(500);

            while (true)
            {
               byte[] writeBuffer = new byte[] { 0x42 };
               byte[] readBuffer = new byte[1];
            
               //Device.Write(writeBuffer);
               //Device.Read(readBuffer);
               Device.TransferSequential(writeBuffer, readBuffer);

               byte registerValue = readBuffer[0];
               Console.WriteLine(String.Format("Register 0x{0:x2} - Value 0X{1:x2}", 0x42, registerValue));

               Thread.Sleep(10000);
            }
         }
         catch (Exception ex)
         {
            Console.WriteLine(ex.Message);
         }
      }

      static int PinNumber(char port, byte pin)
      {
         if (port < 'A' || port > 'J')
            throw new ArgumentException();

         return ((port - 'A') * 16) + pin;
      }
   }
}

After trying many permutations of settings I could successfully read the RegVersion and default frequency values

Attaching to nanoDevice...
Waiting for nanoDevice to initialize...
Updating nanoDevice debugger engine.
The nanoDevice runtime is loading the application assemblies and starting execution.
'nanoFramework.Tools.VS2019.Extension.dll' (Managed): Loaded 'C:\Users\BrynLewis\source\repos\RFM9X.NetNF\ShieldSPI\bin\Debug\ShieldSPI.exe', Symbols loaded.
'nanoFramework.Tools.VS2019.Extension.dll' (Managed): Loaded 'C:\Users\BrynLewis\source\repos\RFM9X.NetNF\packages\nanoFramework.Windows.Devices.Spi.1.3.0-preview.12\lib\Windows.Devices.Spi.dll', Symbols loaded.
'nanoFramework.Tools.VS2019.Extension.dll' (Managed): Loaded 'C:\Users\BrynLewis\source\repos\RFM9X.NetNF\packages\nanoFramework.Runtime.Events.1.4.2-preview.1\lib\nanoFramework.Runtime.Events.dll', Symbols loaded.
'nanoFramework.Tools.VS2019.Extension.dll' (Managed): Loaded 'C:\Users\BrynLewis\source\repos\RFM9X.NetNF\packages\nanoFramework.Windows.Devices.Gpio.1.4.1-preview.13\lib\Windows.Devices.Gpio.dll', Symbols loaded.
The thread '<No Name>' (0x2) has exited with code 0 (0x0).
Register 0x42 - Value 0X12
Register 0x42 - Value 0X12

Mapping the Discovery board pins to corresponding SPI and GPIO pins was a bit painful

Azure Function Log4Net configuration Revisted

In a previous post I showed how I configured Apache Log4Net and Azure Application Insights to work with an Azure Function, this is the code updated to .Net Core V3.1.

With the different versions of the libraries involved (Early April 2020) this was what I found worked for me so YMMV.

Initially the logging to Application Insights wasn’t working even though it was configured in the ApplicationIngisghts.config file. After some experimentation I found setting the APPINSIGHTS_INSTRUMENTATIONKEY environment variable was the only way I could get it to work.

namespace ApplicationInsightsAzureFunctionLog4NetClient
{
	using System;
	using System.IO;
	using System.Reflection;
	using log4net;
	using log4net.Config;
	using Microsoft.ApplicationInsights;
	using Microsoft.ApplicationInsights.Extensibility;
	using Microsoft.Azure.WebJobs;

	public static class ApplicationInsightsTimer
	{
		[FunctionName("ApplicationInsightsTimerLog4Net")]
		public static void Run([TimerTrigger("0 */1 * * * *")]TimerInfo myTimer, ExecutionContext executionContext)
		{
         ILog log = log4net.LogManager.GetLogger(System.Reflection.MethodBase.GetCurrentMethod().DeclaringType);

         using (TelemetryConfiguration telemetryConfiguration = TelemetryConfiguration.CreateDefault())
         {
            TelemetryClient telemetryClient = new TelemetryClient(telemetryConfiguration);
 
            var logRepository = LogManager.GetRepository(Assembly.GetEntryAssembly());
            XmlConfigurator.Configure(logRepository, new FileInfo(Path.Combine(executionContext.FunctionAppDirectory, "log4net.config")));

            log.Debug("This is a Log4Net Debug message");
            log.Info("This is a Log4Net Info message");
            log.Warn("This is a Log4Net Warning message");
            log.Error("This is a Log4Net Error message");
            log.Fatal("This is a Log4Net Fatal message");

            telemetryClient.Flush();
         }
      }
   }
}

I did notice that there were a number of exceptions which warrant further investigation.

'func.exe' (CoreCLR: clrhost): Loaded 'C:\Users\BrynLewis\source\repos\AzureApplicationInsightsClients\ApplicationInsightsAzureFunctionLog4NetClient\bin\Debug\netcoreapp3.1\bin\log4net.dll'. 
Exception thrown: 'System.IO.FileNotFoundException' in System.Private.CoreLib.dll
Exception thrown: 'System.IO.FileNotFoundException' in System.Private.CoreLib.dll
Exception thrown: 'System.IO.FileNotFoundException' in System.Private.CoreLib.dll
Exception thrown: 'System.IO.FileNotFoundException' in System.Private.CoreLib.dll
Exception thrown: 'System.IO.FileNotFoundException' in System.Private.CoreLib.dll
Exception thrown: 'System.IO.FileNotFoundException' in System.Private.CoreLib.dll
'func.exe' (CoreCLR: clrhost): Loaded 'C:\Users\BrynLewis\AppData\Local\AzureFunctionsTools\Releases\2.47.1\cli_x64\System.Xml.XmlDocument.dll'. 
'func.exe' (CoreCLR: clrhost): Loaded 'C:\Users\BrynLewis\source\repos\AzureApplicationInsightsClients\ApplicationInsightsAzureFunctionLog4NetClient\bin\Debug\netcoreapp3.1\bin\Microsoft.ApplicationInsights.Log4NetAppender.dll'. 
'func.exe' (CoreCLR: clrhost): Loaded 'C:\Users\BrynLewis\AppData\Local\AzureFunctionsTools\Releases\2.47.1\cli_x64\System.Reflection.TypeExtensions.dll'. 
Application Insights Telemetry: {"name":"Microsoft.ApplicationInsights.64b1950b90bb46aaa36c26f5dce0cad3.Message","time":"2020-04-09T09:22:33.2274370Z","iKey":"1234567890123-1234-12345-123456789012","tags":{"ai.cloud.roleInstance":"DESKTOP-C9IPNQ1","ai.operation.id":"bc6c4d10cebd954c9d815ad06add2582","ai.operation.parentId":"|bc6c4d10cebd954c9d815ad06add2582.d8fa83b88b175348.","ai.operation.name":"ApplicationInsightsTimerLog4Net","ai.location.ip":"0.0.0.0","ai.internal.sdkVersion":"log4net:2.13.1-12554","ai.internal.nodeName":"DESKTOP-C9IPNQ1"},"data":{"baseType":"MessageData","baseData":{"ver":2,"message":"This is a Log4Net Info message","severityLevel":"Information","properties":{"Domain":"NOT AVAILABLE","InvocationId":"91063ef9-70d0-4318-a1e0-e49ade07c51b","ThreadName":"14","ClassName":"?","LogLevel":"Information","ProcessId":"15824","Category":"Function.ApplicationInsightsTimerLog4Net","MethodName":"?","Identity":"NOT AVAILABLE","FileName":"?","LoggerName":"ApplicationInsightsAzureFunctionLog4NetClient.ApplicationInsightsTimer","LineNumber":"?"}}}}

The latest code for my Azure Function Log4net to Applications Insights sample is available on here.