RFM9X.NetNF on Netduino

Posted on May 30, 2020 by devmobilenz

After publishing my RFM9X.NetMF library working I noticed a Netduino 3 Wifi sitting at the back of my desk. I have got a few Netduinos and NanoFramework support (as a reference platform) for the Netduino 3 Wifi had caught my attention.

The first step was to get the chip select, reset and Serial Peripheral interface(SPI) configurations sorted. I’m using a Dragino LoRa shield for Arduino and a Netduino 3 Wifi.

The first step was to figure out the configuration using the 00.Shield project. After some experimentation I figured out the SPI port connected to D10-D13 was SPI2 (SPI1 is connected to the MicroSD port)

//---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Copyright (c) April 2020, devMobile Software
//
// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
// You may obtain a copy of the License at
//
//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
//
// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
// limitations under the License.
//
//---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
//#define ESP32_WROOM_32_LORA_1_CHANNEL   //nanoff --target ESP32_WROOM_32 --serialport COM4 --update
#define NETDUINO3_WIFI   // nanoff --target NETDUINO3_WIFI --update
//NOTE May 2020 ST_NUCLEO64_F091RC device doesn't work something broken in SPI configuration
//#define ST_NUCLEO64_F091RC // nanoff --target ST_NUCLEO64_F091RC --update
//#define ST_STM32F429I_DISCOVERY       //nanoff --target ST_STM32F429I_DISCOVERY --update
//NOTE May 2020 ST_STM32F769I_DISCOVERY device doesn't work SPI2 mappings broken 
//#define ST_STM32F769I_DISCOVERY      // nanoff --target ST_STM32F769I_DISCOVERY --update 
namespace devMobile.IoT.Rfm9x.ShieldSPI
{
   using System;
   using System.Diagnostics;
   using System.Threading;

   using Windows.Devices.Gpio;
   using Windows.Devices.Spi;

#if ESP32_WROOM_32_LORA_1_CHANNEL
   using nanoFramework.Hardware.Esp32;
#endif

   public class Program
   {
      private const byte RegVersion = 0x42;
#if ESP32_WROOM_32_LORA_1_CHANNEL
      private const string SpiBusId = "SPI1";
#endif
#if NETDUINO3_WIFI
      private const string SpiBusId = "SPI2";
#endif
#if ST_NUCLEO64_F091RC
      private const string SpiBusId = "SPI1";
#endif
#if ST_STM32F429I_DISCOVERY
      private const string SpiBusId = "SPI5";
#endif
#if ST_STM32F769I_DISCOVERY
      private const string SpiBusId = "SPI5";
#endif

      public static void Main()
      {
#if ESP32_WROOM_32_LORA_1_CHANNEL // No reset line for this device as it isn't connected on SX127X
         int ledPinNumber = Gpio.IO17;
         int chipSelectPinNumber = Gpio.IO16;
#endif
#if NETDUINO3_WIFI
         int ledPinNumber  = PinNumber('A', 10);
         // Arduino D10->PB10
         int chipSelectPinNumber = PinNumber('B', 10);
         // Arduino D9->PE5
         int resetPinNumber = PinNumber('E', 5);
#endif
#if ST_NUCLEO64_F091RC // No LED for this device as driven by D13 the SPI CLK line
         // Arduino D10->PB6
         int chipSelectPinNumber = PinNumber('B', 6);
         // Arduino D9->PC7
         int resetPinNumber = PinNumber('C', 7);
#endif
#if ST_STM32F429I_DISCOVERY // No reset line for this device as I didn't bother with jumper to SX127X pin
         int ledPinNumber  = PinNumber('G', 14);
         int chipSelectPinNumber = PinNumber('C', 2);
#endif
#if ST_STM32F769I_DISCOVERY
         int ledPinNumber  = PinNumber('J', 5);
         // Arduino D10->PA11
         int chipSelectPinNumber = PinNumber('A', 11);
         // Arduino D9->PH6
         int resetPinNumber = PinNumber('H', 6);
#endif
         Debug.WriteLine("devMobile.IoT.Rfm9x.ShieldSPI starting");

         try
         {
            GpioController gpioController = GpioController.GetDefault();

#if NETDUINO3_WIFI|| ST_NUCLEO64_F091RC || ST_STM32F769I_DISCOVERY
            // Setup the reset pin
            GpioPin resetGpioPin = gpioController.OpenPin(resetPinNumber);
            resetGpioPin.SetDriveMode(GpioPinDriveMode.Output);
            resetGpioPin.Write(GpioPinValue.High);
#endif

#if ESP32_WROOM_32_LORA_1_CHANNEL || NETDUINO3_WIFI|| ST_STM32F429I_DISCOVERY || ST_STM32F769I_DISCOVERY
            // Setup the onboard LED
            GpioPin led = gpioController.OpenPin(ledPinNumber);
            led.SetDriveMode(GpioPinDriveMode.Output);
#endif

#if ESP32_WROOM_32_LORA_1_CHANNEL
            Configuration.SetPinFunction(nanoFramework.Hardware.Esp32.Gpio.IO12, DeviceFunction.SPI1_MISO);
            Configuration.SetPinFunction(nanoFramework.Hardware.Esp32.Gpio.IO13, DeviceFunction.SPI1_MOSI);
            Configuration.SetPinFunction(nanoFramework.Hardware.Esp32.Gpio.IO14, DeviceFunction.SPI1_CLOCK);
#endif

            var settings = new SpiConnectionSettings(chipSelectPinNumber)
            {
               ClockFrequency = 500000,
               Mode = SpiMode.Mode0,// From SemTech docs pg 80 CPOL=0, CPHA=0
               SharingMode = SpiSharingMode.Shared,
            };

            using (SpiDevice device = SpiDevice.FromId(SpiBusId, settings))
            {
               Thread.Sleep(500);
            
               while (true)
               {
                  byte[] writeBuffer = new byte[] { RegVersion, 0x0 };
                  byte[] readBuffer = new byte[writeBuffer.Length];

                  device.TransferFullDuplex(writeBuffer, readBuffer);

                  Debug.WriteLine(String.Format("Register 0x{0:x2} - Value 0X{1:x2}", RegVersion, readBuffer[1]));

                  #if ESP32_WROOM_32_LORA_1_CHANNEL|| NETDUINO3_WIFI || ST_STM32F429I_DISCOVERY || ST_STM32F769I_DISCOVERY
                     led.Toggle();
                  #endif
                  Thread.Sleep(10000);
               }
            }
         }
         catch (Exception ex)
         {
            Debug.WriteLine(ex.Message);
         }
      }

#if  NETDUINO3_WIFI || ST_NUCLEO64_F091RC || ST_STM32F429I_DISCOVERY || ST_STM32F769I_DISCOVERY
      static int PinNumber(char port, byte pin)
      {
         if (port < 'A' || port > 'J')
            throw new ArgumentException();

         return ((port - 'A') * 16) + pin;
      }
#endif
   }
}

In the Visual Studio output windows I could see the correct version register value

The thread '<No Name>' (0x2) has exited with code 0 (0x0).
devMobile.IoT.Rfm9x.ShieldSPI starting
Register 0x42 - Value 0X12
Register 0x42 - Value 0X12
...

After checking the configuration of the reset (D9) and interrupt (D2) pins in other test harness programs my final configuration for Rfm9xLoRaDevice client was

//---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Copyright (c) April/May 2020, devMobile Software
//
// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
// You may obtain a copy of the License at
//
//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
//
// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
// limitations under the License.
//
//---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
//#define ADDRESSED_MESSAGES_PAYLOAD
//#define ESP32_WROOM_32_LORA_1_CHANNEL   //nanoff --target ESP32_WROOM_32 --serialport COM4 --update
#define NETDUINO3_WIFI   // nanoff --target NETDUINO3_WIFI --update
//#define ST_STM32F429I_DISCOVERY       //nanoff --target ST_STM32F429I_DISCOVERY --update
namespace devMobile.IoT.Rfm9x.LoRaDeviceClient
{
	using System;
	using System.Diagnostics;
	using System.Text;
	using System.Threading;

#if ESP32_WROOM_32_LORA_1_CHANNEL
	using nanoFramework.Hardware.Esp32;
#endif

	using devMobile.IoT.Rfm9x;

	class Program
	{
		private const double Frequency = 915000000.0;
#if ST_STM32F429I_DISCOVERY
		private const string DeviceName = "Disco429";
		private const string SpiBusId = "SPI5";
#endif
#if ESP32_WROOM_32_LORA_1_CHANNEL
		private const string DeviceName = "ESP32";
		private const string SpiBusId = "SPI1";
#endif
#if NETDUINO3_WIFI
		private const string DeviceName = "N3W";
		private const string SpiBusId = "SPI2";
#endif
#if ADDRESSED_MESSAGES_PAYLOAD
		private const string DeviceName = "LoRaIoT1";
#endif

		static void Main()
		{
			byte MessageCount = System.Byte.MaxValue;
#if ST_STM32F429I_DISCOVERY
			int chipSelectPinNumber = PinNumber('C', 2);
			int resetPinNumber = PinNumber('C', 3);
			int interruptPinNumber = PinNumber('A', 4);
#endif
#if ESP32_WROOM_32_LORA_1_CHANNEL
         int chipSelectPinNumber = Gpio.IO16;
         int interruptPinNumber = Gpio.IO26;

			Configuration.SetPinFunction(Gpio.IO12, DeviceFunction.SPI1_MISO);
			Configuration.SetPinFunction(Gpio.IO13, DeviceFunction.SPI1_MOSI);
			Configuration.SetPinFunction(Gpio.IO14, DeviceFunction.SPI1_CLOCK);

			Rfm9XDevice rfm9XDevice = new Rfm9XDevice(SpiBusId, chipSelectPinNumber, interruptPinNumber);
#endif
#if NETDUINO3_WIFI
			// Arduino D10->PB10
			int chipSelectPinNumber = PinNumber('B', 10);
			// Arduino D9->PE5
			int resetPinNumber = PinNumber('E', 5);
			// Arduino D2->PA3
			int interruptPinNumber = PinNumber('A', 3);
#endif

#if ST_STM32F429I_DISCOVERY || NETDUINO3_WIFI
			Rfm9XDevice rfm9XDevice = new Rfm9XDevice(SpiBusId, chipSelectPinNumber, resetPinNumber, interruptPinNumber);
#endif
			rfm9XDevice.Initialise(Frequency, paBoost: true);

#if DEBUG
			rfm9XDevice.RegisterDump();
#endif

			rfm9XDevice.OnReceive += Rfm9XDevice_OnReceive;
#if ADDRESSED_MESSAGES_PAYLOAD
			rfm9XDevice.Receive(UTF8Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(DeviceName));
#else
			rfm9XDevice.Receive();
#endif
			rfm9XDevice.OnTransmit += Rfm9XDevice_OnTransmit;

			Thread.Sleep(10000);

			while (true)
			{
				string messageText = string.Format("Hello from {0} ! {1}", DeviceName, MessageCount);
				MessageCount -= 1;

				byte[] messageBytes = UTF8Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(messageText);
				Debug.WriteLine(string.Format("{0}-TX {1} byte message {2}", DateTime.UtcNow.ToString("HH:mm:ss"), messageBytes.Length, messageText));
#if ADDRESSED_MESSAGES_PAYLOAD
				rfm9XDevice.Send(UTF8Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(HostName), messageBytes);
#else
				rfm9XDevice.Send(messageBytes);
#endif
				Thread.Sleep(10000);
			}
		}

		private static void Rfm9XDevice_OnReceive(object sender, Rfm9XDevice.OnDataReceivedEventArgs e)
		{
			try
			{
				// Remove unprintable characters from messages
				for (int index = 0; index < e.Data.Length; index++)
				{
					if ((e.Data[index] < 0x20) || (e.Data[index] > 0x7E))
					{
						e.Data[index] = 0x20;
					}
				}

				string messageText = UTF8Encoding.UTF8.GetString(e.Data, 0, e.Data.Length);

#if ADDRESSED_MESSAGES_PAYLOAD
				string addressText = UTF8Encoding.UTF8.GetString(e.Address, 0, e.Address.Length);

				Debug.WriteLine(string.Format(@"{0}-RX From {1} PacketSnr {2} Packet RSSI {3}dBm RSSI {4}dBm ={5} ""{6}""", DateTime.UtcNow.ToString("HH:mm:ss"), addressText, e.PacketSnr, e.PacketRssi, e.Rssi, e.Data.Length, messageText));
#else
				Debug.WriteLine(string.Format(@"{0}-RX PacketSnr {1} Packet RSSI {2}dBm RSSI {3}dBm ={4} ""{5}""", DateTime.UtcNow.ToString("HH:mm:ss"), e.PacketSnr, e.PacketRssi, e.Rssi, e.Data.Length, messageText));
#endif
			}
			catch (Exception ex)
			{
				Debug.WriteLine(ex.Message);
			}
		}

		private static void Rfm9XDevice_OnTransmit(object sender, Rfm9XDevice.OnDataTransmitedEventArgs e)
		{
			Debug.WriteLine(string.Format("{0}-TX Done", DateTime.UtcNow.ToString("HH:mm:ss")));
		}

#if ST_STM32F429I_DISCOVERY || NETDUINO3_WIFI
		static int PinNumber(char port, byte pin)
      {
         if (port < 'A' || port > 'J')
            throw new ArgumentException();

         return ((port - 'A') * 16) + pin;
      }
#endif
	}
}

The sample client could reliable send and receive messages.

The thread '<No Name>' (0x2) has exited with code 0 (0x0).
Register dump
Register 0x00 - Value 0X7A
Register 0x01 - Value 0X80
Register 0x02 - Value 0X1A
Register 0x03 - Value 0X0B
Register 0x04 - Value 0X00
Register 0x05 - Value 0X52
Register 0x06 - Value 0XE4
Register 0x07 - Value 0XC0
Register 0x08 - Value 0X00
Register 0x09 - Value 0XCF
Register 0x0A - Value 0X09
Register 0x0B - Value 0X2B
Register 0x0C - Value 0X20
Register 0x0D - Value 0X01
Register 0x0E - Value 0X80
Register 0x0F - Value 0X00
Register 0x10 - Value 0X00
Register 0x11 - Value 0X00
Register 0x12 - Value 0X00
Register 0x13 - Value 0X00
Register 0x14 - Value 0X00
Register 0x15 - Value 0X00
Register 0x16 - Value 0X00
Register 0x17 - Value 0X00
Register 0x18 - Value 0X10
Register 0x19 - Value 0X00
Register 0x1A - Value 0X00
Register 0x1B - Value 0X00
Register 0x1C - Value 0X00
Register 0x1D - Value 0X72
Register 0x1E - Value 0X70
Register 0x1F - Value 0X64
Register 0x20 - Value 0X00
Register 0x21 - Value 0X08
Register 0x22 - Value 0X01
Register 0x23 - Value 0XFF
Register 0x24 - Value 0X00
Register 0x25 - Value 0X00
Register 0x26 - Value 0X04
Register 0x27 - Value 0X00
Register 0x28 - Value 0X00
Register 0x29 - Value 0X00
Register 0x2A - Value 0X00
Register 0x2B - Value 0X00
Register 0x2C - Value 0X00
Register 0x2D - Value 0X50
Register 0x2E - Value 0X14
Register 0x2F - Value 0X45
Register 0x30 - Value 0X55
Register 0x31 - Value 0XC3
Register 0x32 - Value 0X05
Register 0x33 - Value 0X27
Register 0x34 - Value 0X1C
Register 0x35 - Value 0X0A
Register 0x36 - Value 0X03
Register 0x37 - Value 0X0A
Register 0x38 - Value 0X42
Register 0x39 - Value 0X12
Register 0x3A - Value 0X49
Register 0x3B - Value 0X1D
Register 0x3C - Value 0X00
Register 0x3D - Value 0XAF
Register 0x3E - Value 0X00
Register 0x3F - Value 0X00
Register 0x40 - Value 0X00
Register 0x41 - Value 0X00
Register 0x42 - Value 0X12
00:00:25-TX 20 byte message Hello from N3W ! 255
00:00:25-TX Done
00:00:35-TX 20 byte message Hello from N3W ! 254
00:00:35-TX Done
00:00:45-TX 20 byte message Hello from N3W ! 253
00:00:45-TX Done
00:00:46-RX PacketSnr 9.50 Packet RSSI -70dBm RSSI -110dBm =59 " LoRaIoT1Maduino2at 43.9,ah 75,wsa 1,wsg 2,wd 36.00,r 0.00,"
00:00:55-TX 20 byte message Hello from N3W ! 252
00:00:55-TX Done
00:01:05-TX 20 byte message Hello from N3W ! 251
00:01:05-TX Done

Overall the process was fairly painless and helped identify a bug in the configuration of the Mode register in one of the test harness applications.

TinyCLR OS V2 nRF24L01 library Part2

Posted on May 14, 2020 by devmobilenz

After sorting out Serial Peripheral Interface(SPI) connectivity the next step porting the techfooninja nRF24L01P library to GHI Electronics TinyCLR was rewriting the initialisation code. Overall changes were minimal as the TinyCLR V2 SPI library has similar methods to the Windows 10 IoT Core ones.

I need to refactor the initialise method so that failure exceptions are not caught and add the interrupt trigger edge so I can remove test from the handler.

      public void Initialize(string spiPortName, byte chipEnablePin, byte chipSelectPin, byte interruptPin, int clockFrequency = 2000000)
      {
         var gpio = GpioController.GetDefault();

         if (gpio == null)
         {
            Debug.WriteLine("GPIO Initialization failed.");
         }
         else
         {
            _cePin = gpio.OpenPin(chipEnablePin);
            _cePin.SetDriveMode(GpioPinDriveMode.Output);
            _cePin.Write(GpioPinValue.Low);

            _irqPin = gpio.OpenPin((byte)interruptPin);
            _irqPin.SetDriveMode(GpioPinDriveMode.InputPullUp);
            _irqPin.Write(GpioPinValue.High);
            _irqPin.ValueChanged += _irqPin_ValueChanged;
         }

         try
         {
            var settings = new SpiConnectionSettings()
            {
               ChipSelectType = SpiChipSelectType.Gpio,
               ChipSelectLine = gpio.OpenPin(chipSelectPin),
               Mode = SpiMode.Mode0,
               ClockFrequency = clockFrequency,
               ChipSelectActiveState = false,
            };

            SpiController controller = SpiController.FromName(spiPortName);
            _spiPort = controller.GetDevice(settings);
         }
         catch (Exception ex)
         {
            Debug.WriteLine("SPI Initialization failed. Exception: " + ex.Message);
            return;
         }

         // Module reset time
         Thread.Sleep(100);

         IsInitialized = true;

         // Set reasonable default values
         Address = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes("NRF1");
         DataRate = DataRate.DR2Mbps;
         IsDynamicPayload = true;
         IsAutoAcknowledge = true;

         FlushReceiveBuffer();
         FlushTransferBuffer();
         ClearIrqMasks();
         SetRetries(5, 60);

         // Setup, CRC enabled, Power Up, PRX
         SetReceiveMode();
      }

The Initialise method gained parameters for the SPI port name and SPI clock frequency.

      static void Main()
      {
         RF24 Radio = new RF24();

         try
         {
            Radio.OnDataReceived += Radio_OnDataReceived;
            Radio.OnTransmitFailed += Radio_OnTransmitFailed;
            Radio.OnTransmitSuccess += Radio_OnTransmitSuccess;

            // SC20100.GpioPin.PD3
            Radio.Initialize(SC20100.SpiBus.Spi3, SC20100.GpioPin.PD4, SC20100.GpioPin.PD3, SC20100.GpioPin.PC5);
            Radio.Address = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(DeviceAddress);

            Radio.Channel = 15;
            //Radio.PowerLevel = PowerLevel.Max;
            //Radio.PowerLevel = PowerLevel.High;
            //Radio.PowerLevel = PowerLevel.Low;
            //Radio.PowerLevel = PowerLevel.Minimum
            Radio.DataRate = DataRate.DR250Kbps;
            //Radio.DataRate = DataRate.DR1Mbps;
            Radio.IsEnabled = true;

            Radio.IsAutoAcknowledge = true;
            Radio.IsDyanmicAcknowledge = false;
            Radio.IsDynamicPayload = true;

            Debug.WriteLine($"Address: {Encoding.UTF8.GetString(Radio.Address)}");
            Debug.WriteLine($"PowerLevel: {Radio.PowerLevel}");
            Debug.WriteLine($"IsAutoAcknowledge: {Radio.IsAutoAcknowledge}");
            Debug.WriteLine($"Channel: {Radio.Channel}");
            Debug.WriteLine($"DataRate: {Radio.DataRate}");
            Debug.WriteLine($"IsDynamicAcknowledge: {Radio.IsDyanmicAcknowledge}");
            Debug.WriteLine($"IsDynamicPayload: {Radio.IsDynamicPayload}");
            Debug.WriteLine($"IsEnabled: {Radio.IsEnabled}");
            Debug.WriteLine($"Frequency: {Radio.Frequency}");
            Debug.WriteLine($"IsInitialized: {Radio.IsInitialized}");
            Debug.WriteLine($"IsPowered: {Radio.IsPowered}");

            while (true)
            {
               string payload = "hello " + DateTime.Now.Second;
               Debug.WriteLine($"{DateTime.UtcNow:HH:mm:ss}-TX {payload.Length} byte message {payload}");
               Radio.SendTo(Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(BaseStationAddress), Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(payload));

               Thread.Sleep(30000);
            }
         }
         catch (Exception ex)
         {
            Debug.WriteLine(ex.Message);

            return;
         }
      }

I can send and receive messages but the PowerLevel doesn’t look right so I need to apply fix from the Meadow version.

The thread '<No Name>' (0x2) has exited with code 0 (0x0).
Address: Dev01
PowerLevel: 15
IsAutoAcknowledge: True
Channel: 15
DataRate: 2
IsDynamicAcknowledge: False
IsDynamicPayload: True
IsEnabled: False
Frequency: 2415
IsInitialized: True
IsPowered: True
00:00:01-TX 7 byte message hello 1
Data Sent!
00:00:01-TX Succeeded!
00:00:31-TX 8 byte message hello 31
Data Sent!
00:00:31-TX Succeeded!

TinyCLR OS V2 nRF24L01 library Part1

Posted on May 13, 2020 by devmobilenz

After debugging Windows 10 IoT Core, .NetMF and Wilderness Labs Meadow nRF24L01P libraries I figured yet another port, this time to a GHI Electronics Tiny CLR V2 powered device shouldn’t be “rocket science”.

This test rig uses SC20100S Dev and MikroE nRF C Click boards.

//---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Copyright (c) May 2020, devMobile Software
//
// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
// You may obtain a copy of the License at
//
//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
//
// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
// limitations under the License.
//
//---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
namespace devMobile.IoT.nRf24L01.ModuleSPI
{
   using System;
   using System.Diagnostics;
   using System.Reflection;
   using System.Text;
   using System.Threading;

   using GHIElectronics.TinyCLR.Devices.Gpio;
   using GHIElectronics.TinyCLR.Devices.Spi;
   using GHIElectronics.TinyCLR.Pins;

   class Program
   {
      const byte SETUP_AW = 0x03;
      const byte RF_CH = 0x05;
      const byte RX_ADDR_P0 = 0x0A;
      const byte R_REGISTER = 0b00000000;
      const byte W_REGISTER = 0b00100000;
      const string P0_Address = "ZYXWV";
      static SpiDevice nrf24L01Device;

      static void Main()
      {
         try
         {
            GpioController gpioController = GpioController.GetDefault();

            var settings = new SpiConnectionSettings()
            {
               ChipSelectType = SpiChipSelectType.Gpio,
               //ChipSelectLine = FEZ.GpioPin.D10,
               ChipSelectLine = gpioController.OpenPin(SC20100.GpioPin.PD3),
               Mode = SpiMode.Mode0,
               //Mode = SpiMode.Mode1,
               //Mode = SpiMode.Mode2,
               //Mode = SpiMode.Mode3,
               ClockFrequency = 500000,
               //ChipSelectActiveState = true
               ChipSelectActiveState = false,
               //ChipSelectHoldTime = new TimeSpan(0, 0, 0, 0, 500),
               //ChipSelectSetupTime = new TimeSpan(0, 0, 0, 0, 500),
            };

            var spiController = SpiController.FromName(SC20100.SpiBus.Spi3);

            Debug.WriteLine("nrf24L01Device Device...");
            nrf24L01Device = spiController.GetDevice(settings);
            if (nrf24L01Device == null)
            {
               Debug.WriteLine("nrf24L01Device == null");
            }

            Thread.Sleep(100);

            Debug.WriteLine("ConfigureSpiPort Done...");
            Debug.WriteLine("");

            Thread.Sleep(500);
         }
         catch (Exception ex)
         {
            Debug.WriteLine("Configure SpiPort " + ex.Message);
         }

         try
         {
            // Read the Address width
            Debug.WriteLine("Read address width");
            byte[] txBuffer1 = new byte[] { SETUP_AW | R_REGISTER, 0x0 };
            byte[] rxBuffer1 = new byte[txBuffer1.Length];

            Debug.WriteLine(" nrf24L01Device.TransferFullDuplex...SETUP_AW");
            Debug.WriteLine(" txBuffer:" + BitConverter.ToString(txBuffer1));
            nrf24L01Device.TransferFullDuplex(txBuffer1, rxBuffer1);
            Debug.WriteLine(" rxBuffer:" + BitConverter.ToString(rxBuffer1));

            // Extract then adjust the address width
            byte addressWidthValue = rxBuffer1[1];
            addressWidthValue &= 0b00000011;
            addressWidthValue += 2;
            Debug.WriteLine($"Address width 0x{SETUP_AW:x2} - Value 0X{rxBuffer1[1]:x2} Value adjusted {addressWidthValue}");
            Debug.WriteLine("");

            // Write Pipe0 Receive address
            Debug.WriteLine($"Write Pipe0 Receive Address {P0_Address}");
            byte[] txBuffer2 = new byte[addressWidthValue + 1];
            txBuffer2[0] = RX_ADDR_P0 | W_REGISTER;
            Array.Copy(Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(P0_Address), 0, txBuffer2, 1, addressWidthValue);

            Debug.WriteLine(" nrf24L01Device.Write...RX_ADDR_P0");
            Debug.WriteLine(" txBuffer:" + BitConverter.ToString(txBuffer2));
            nrf24L01Device.Write(txBuffer2);
            Debug.WriteLine("");

            // Read Pipe0 Receive address
            Debug.WriteLine("Read Pipe0 Receive address");
            byte[] txBuffer3 = new byte[addressWidthValue + 1];
            txBuffer3[0] = RX_ADDR_P0 | R_REGISTER;
            byte[] rxBuffer3 = new byte[txBuffer3.Length];

            Debug.WriteLine(" nrf24L01Device.TransferFullDuplex...RX_ADDR_P0");
            Debug.WriteLine(" txBuffer:" + BitConverter.ToString(txBuffer3));
            nrf24L01Device.TransferFullDuplex(txBuffer3, rxBuffer3);
            Debug.WriteLine(" rxBuffer:" + BitConverter.ToString(rxBuffer3));
            Debug.WriteLine($"Address 0x{RX_ADDR_P0:x2} Address {UTF8Encoding.UTF8.GetString(rxBuffer3, 1, addressWidthValue)}");
            Debug.WriteLine("");

            // Read the RF Channel
            Debug.WriteLine("RF Channel read 1");
            byte[] txBuffer4 = new byte[] { RF_CH | R_REGISTER, 0x0 };
            byte[] rxBuffer4 = new byte[txBuffer4.Length];

            Debug.WriteLine(" nrf24L01Device.TransferFullDuplex...RF_CH");
            Debug.WriteLine(" txBuffer:" + BitConverter.ToString(txBuffer4));
            nrf24L01Device.TransferFullDuplex(txBuffer4, rxBuffer4);
            Debug.WriteLine(" rxBuffer:" + BitConverter.ToString(rxBuffer4));

            ushort rfChannel1 = rxBuffer4[1];
            rfChannel1 += 2400;
            Debug.WriteLine($"RF Channel 1 0x{RF_CH:x2} - Value 0X{rxBuffer4[1]:x2} - Value adjusted {rfChannel1}");
            Debug.WriteLine("");

            // Write the RF Channel
            Debug.WriteLine("RF Channel write");
            byte[] txBuffer5 = new byte[] { RF_CH | W_REGISTER, rxBuffer4[1]+=1};

            Debug.WriteLine(" nrf24L01Device.Write...RF_CH");
            Debug.WriteLine(" txBuffer:" + BitConverter.ToString(txBuffer5));
            nrf24L01Device.Write(txBuffer5);
            Debug.WriteLine("");

            // Read the RF Channel
            Debug.WriteLine("RF Channel read 2");
            byte[] txBuffer6 = new byte[] { RF_CH | R_REGISTER, 0x0 };
            byte[] rxBuffer6 = new byte[txBuffer6.Length];

            Debug.WriteLine(" nrf24L01Device.TransferFullDuplex...RF_CH");
            Debug.WriteLine(" txBuffer:" + BitConverter.ToString(txBuffer6));
            nrf24L01Device.TransferFullDuplex(txBuffer6, rxBuffer6);
            Debug.WriteLine(" rxBuffer:" + BitConverter.ToString(rxBuffer6));

            ushort rfChannel2 = rxBuffer6[1];
            rfChannel2 += 2400;
            Debug.WriteLine($"RF Channel 2 0x{RF_CH:x2} - Value 0X{rxBuffer6[1]:x2} - Value adjusted {rfChannel2}");
            Debug.WriteLine("");
         }
         catch (Exception ex)
         {
            Debug.WriteLine("Configure Port0 " + ex.Message);
         }
      }
   }
}

After lots of tinkering with SPI configuration options I can read and write my nRF24L01 device receive port address

The thread '<No Name>' (0x2) has exited with code 0 (0x0).
nrf24L01Device Device...
ConfigureSpiPort Done...

Read address width
 nrf24L01Device.TransferFullDuplex...SETUP_AW
 txBuffer:03-00
 rxBuffer:0E-03
Address width 0x03 - Value 0X03 Value adjusted 5

Write Pipe0 Receive Address ZYXWV
 nrf24L01Device.Write...RX_ADDR_P0
 txBuffer:2A-5A-59-58-57-56

Read Pipe0 Receive address
 nrf24L01Device.TransferFullDuplex...RX_ADDR_P0
 txBuffer:0A-00-00-00-00-00
 rxBuffer:0E-5A-59-58-57-56
Address 0x0a Address ZYXWV

RF Channel read 1
 nrf24L01Device.TransferFullDuplex...RF_CH
 txBuffer:05-00
 rxBuffer:0E-15
RF Channel 1 0x05 - Value 0X15 - Value adjusted 2421

RF Channel write
 nrf24L01Device.Write...RF_CH
 txBuffer:25-16

RF Channel read 2
 nrf24L01Device.TransferFullDuplex...RF_CH
 txBuffer:05-00
 rxBuffer:0E-16
RF Channel 2 0x05 - Value 0X16 - Value adjusted 2422

RFM9X.NetNF on Github

Posted on May 8, 2020 by devmobilenz

The source code of my nanoFramework RFM9X/SX127X library is now available on GitHub. One test harness uses an STM32F429 Discovery and a dragino technology LoRa shield for Arduino with some jumper wires.

STM32F429 Discovery kit with Dragino Shield

The other uses Sparkfun LoRa Gateway 1 Channel ESP32 for a LoRaWAN.

A sample application which shows how to send/receive address/un-addressed payloads.

//---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Copyright (c) April/May 2020, devMobile Software
//
// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
// You may obtain a copy of the License at
//
//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
//
// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
// limitations under the License.
//
//---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
//#define ADDRESSED_MESSAGES_PAYLOAD
#define ST_STM32F429I_DISCOVERY       //nanoff --target ST_STM32F429I_DISCOVERY --update
//#define ESP32_WROOM_32_LORA_1_CHANNEL   //nanoff --target ESP32_WROOM_32 --serialport COM4 --update
namespace devMobile.IoT.Rfm9x.LoRaDeviceClient
{
	using System;
	using System.Text;
	using System.Threading;

#if ESP32_WROOM_32_LORA_1_CHANNEL
	using nanoFramework.Hardware.Esp32;
#endif

	using devMobile.IoT.Rfm9x;

	class Program
	{
		const double Frequency = 915000000.0;
#if ST_STM32F429I_DISCOVERY
		private const string SpiBusId = "SPI5";
#endif
#if ESP32_WROOM_32_LORA_1_CHANNEL
		private const string SpiBusId = "SPI1";
#endif

		static void Main()
		{
			byte MessageCount = System.Byte.MaxValue;
#if ADDRESSED_MESSAGES_PAYLOAD
			const string HostName = "ESP32LoRa";
			const string DeviceName = "LoRaIoT1";
#else
			const string DeviceName = "ESP32LoRa";
#endif
#if ST_STM32F429I_DISCOVERY
			int chipSelectPinNumber = PinNumber('C', 2);
			int resetPinNumber = PinNumber('C', 3);
			int interruptPinNumber = PinNumber('A', 4);
#endif
#if ESP32_WROOM_32_LORA_1_CHANNEL
         int chipSelectPinNumber = Gpio.IO16;
         int interruptPinNumber = Gpio.IO26;

			Configuration.SetPinFunction(Gpio.IO12, DeviceFunction.SPI1_MISO);
			Configuration.SetPinFunction(Gpio.IO13, DeviceFunction.SPI1_MOSI);
			Configuration.SetPinFunction(Gpio.IO14, DeviceFunction.SPI1_CLOCK);

			Rfm9XDevice rfm9XDevice = new Rfm9XDevice(SpiBusId, chipSelectPinNumber, interruptPinNumber);
#endif
#if ST_STM32F429I_DISCOVERY
			Rfm9XDevice rfm9XDevice = new Rfm9XDevice(SpiBusId, chipSelectPinNumber, resetPinNumber, interruptPinNumber);
#endif
			rfm9XDevice.Initialise(Frequency, paBoost: true, rxPayloadCrcOn: true);

#if DEBUG
			rfm9XDevice.RegisterDump();
#endif

			rfm9XDevice.OnReceive += Rfm9XDevice_OnReceive;
#if ADDRESSED_MESSAGES_PAYLOAD
			rfm9XDevice.Receive(UTF8Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(DeviceName));
#else
			rfm9XDevice.Receive();
#endif
			rfm9XDevice.OnTransmit += Rfm9XDevice_OnTransmit;

			Thread.Sleep(10000);

			while (true)
			{
				string messageText = string.Format("Hello from {0} ! {1}", DeviceName, MessageCount);
				MessageCount -= 1;

				byte[] messageBytes = UTF8Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(messageText);
				Console.WriteLine(string.Format("{0}-TX {1} byte message {2}", DateTime.UtcNow.ToString("HH:mm:ss"), messageBytes.Length, messageText));
#if ADDRESSED_MESSAGES_PAYLOAD
				rfm9XDevice.Send(UTF8Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(HostName), messageBytes);
#else
				rfm9XDevice.Send(messageBytes);
#endif
				Thread.Sleep(10000);
			}
		}

		private static void Rfm9XDevice_OnReceive(object sender, Rfm9XDevice.OnDataReceivedEventArgs e)
		{
			try
			{
				// Remove unprintable characters from messages
				for (int index = 0; index < e.Data.Length; index++)
				{
					if ((e.Data[index] < 0x20) || (e.Data[index] > 0x7E))
					{
						e.Data[index] = 0x20;
					}
				}

				string messageText = UTF8Encoding.UTF8.GetString(e.Data, 0, e.Data.Length);

#if ADDRESSED_MESSAGES_PAYLOAD
				string addressText = UTF8Encoding.UTF8.GetString(e.Address, 0, e.Address.Length);

				Console.WriteLine(string.Format(@"{0}-RX From {1} PacketSnr {2} Packet RSSI {3}dBm RSSI {4}dBm ={5} ""{6}""", DateTime.UtcNow.ToString("HH:mm:ss"), addressText, e.PacketSnr, e.PacketRssi, e.Rssi, e.Data.Length, messageText));
#else
				Console.WriteLine(string.Format(@"{0}-RX PacketSnr {1} Packet RSSI {2}dBm RSSI {3}dBm ={4} ""{5}""", DateTime.UtcNow.ToString("HH:mm:ss"), e.PacketSnr, e.PacketRssi, e.Rssi, e.Data.Length, messageText));
#endif
			}
			catch (Exception ex)
			{
				Console.WriteLine(ex.Message);
			}
		}

		private static void Rfm9XDevice_OnTransmit(object sender, Rfm9XDevice.OnDataTransmitedEventArgs e)
		{
			Console.WriteLine( string.Format("{0}-TX Done", DateTime.UtcNow.ToString("HH:mm:ss")));
		}

#if ST_STM32F429I_DISCOVERY
      static int PinNumber(char port, byte pin)
      {
         if (port < 'A' || port > 'J')
            throw new ArgumentException();

         return ((port - 'A') * 16) + pin;
      }
#endif
	}
}

The addressing support is pretty basic as my goal was a library that I could extend with optional functionality like tamper detection via signing and privacy via payload encryption, mesh network support etc.

The library works but should be treated as early beta.

nanoFramework LoRa library Part6

Posted on May 6, 2020 by devmobilenz

Transmit and Receive with Interrupts

For the final revision my nanoFramework SX127X Library test harness I checked interrupts were working for the interleaved transmission and reception of messages.

      private void InterruptGpioPin_ValueChanged(object sender, GpioPinValueChangedEventArgs e)
      {
         if (e.Edge != GpioPinEdge.RisingEdge)
         {
            return;
         }

         byte irqFlags = this.RegisterReadByte(0x12); // RegIrqFlags
         Console.WriteLine($"RegIrqFlags 0X{irqFlags:x2}");

         if ((irqFlags & 0b01000000) == 0b01000000)  // RxDone 
         {
            Console.WriteLine("Receive-Message");
            byte currentFifoAddress = this.RegisterReadByte(0x10); // RegFifiRxCurrent
            this.RegisterWriteByte(0x0d, currentFifoAddress); // RegFifoAddrPtr

            byte numberOfBytes = this.RegisterReadByte(0x13); // RegRxNbBytes

            // Allocate buffer for message
            byte[] messageBytes = this.RegisterRead(0X0, numberOfBytes);

            // Remove unprintable characters from messages
            for (int index = 0; index < messageBytes.Length; index++)
            {
               if ((messageBytes[index] < 0x20) || (messageBytes[index] > 0x7E))
               {
                  messageBytes[index] = 0x20;
               }
            }

            string messageText = UTF8Encoding.UTF8.GetString(messageBytes,0, messageBytes.Length);
            Console.WriteLine($"Received {messageBytes.Length} byte message {messageText}");
         }

         if ((irqFlags & 0b00001000) == 0b00001000)  // TxDone
         {
            this.RegisterWriteByte(0x01, 0b10000101); // RegOpMode set LoRa & RxContinuous
            Console.WriteLine("Transmit-Done");
         }

         this.RegisterWriteByte(0x40, 0b00000000); // RegDioMapping1 0b00000000 DI0 RxReady & TxReady
         this.RegisterWriteByte(0x12, 0xff);// RegIrqFlags
      }

…
class Program
{
      static void Main()
      {
         int SendCount = 0;
#if ST_STM32F429I_DISCOVERY
         int chipSelectPinNumber = PinNumber('C', 2);
         int resetPinNumber = PinNumber('C', 3);
         int interruptPinNumber = PinNumber('A', 4);
#endif
#if ESP32_WROOM_32_LORA_1_CHANNEL
         int chipSelectPinNumber = Gpio.IO16;
         int interruptPinNumber = Gpio.IO26;
#endif

         try
         {
#if ESP32_WROOM_32_LORA_1_CHANNEL
            Configuration.SetPinFunction(Gpio.IO12, DeviceFunction.SPI1_MISO);
            Configuration.SetPinFunction(Gpio.IO13, DeviceFunction.SPI1_MOSI);
            Configuration.SetPinFunction(Gpio.IO14, DeviceFunction.SPI1_CLOCK);
            Rfm9XDevice rfm9XDevice = new Rfm9XDevice(SpiBusId, chipSelectPinNumber, interruptPinNumber);
#endif
#if ST_STM32F429I_DISCOVERY
            Rfm9XDevice rfm9XDevice = new Rfm9XDevice(SpiBusId, chipSelectPinNumber, resetPinNumber, interruptPinNumber);
#endif
            Thread.Sleep(500);

            // Put device into LoRa + Standby mode
            rfm9XDevice.RegisterWriteByte(0x01, 0b10000000); // RegOpMode 

            // Set the frequency to 915MHz
            byte[] frequencyWriteBytes = { 0xE4, 0xC0, 0x00 }; // RegFrMsb, RegFrMid, RegFrLsb
            rfm9XDevice.RegisterWrite(0x06, frequencyWriteBytes);

            // More power PA Boost
            rfm9XDevice.RegisterWriteByte(0x09, 0b10000000); // RegPaConfig

            // Interrupt on TxDone
            rfm9XDevice.RegisterWriteByte(0x40, 0b01000000); // RegDioMapping1 0b00000000 DI0 TxDone

            while (true)
            {
               // Set the Register Fifo address pointer
               rfm9XDevice.RegisterWriteByte(0x0E, 0x00); // RegFifoTxBaseAddress 

               // Set the Register Fifo address pointer
               rfm9XDevice.RegisterWriteByte(0x0D, 0x0); // RegFifoAddrPtr 

               string messageText = $"Hello LoRa {SendCount += 1}!";

               // load the message into the fifo
               byte[] messageBytes = UTF8Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(messageText);
               rfm9XDevice.RegisterWrite(0x0, messageBytes); // RegFifo 

               // Set the length of the message in the fifo
               rfm9XDevice.RegisterWriteByte(0x22, (byte)messageBytes.Length); // RegPayloadLength
               Console.WriteLine($"Sending {messageBytes.Length} bytes message {messageText}");
               rfm9XDevice.RegisterWriteByte(0x01, 0b10000011); // RegOpMode 

               Thread.Sleep(10000);
            }
         }
         catch (Exception ex)
         {
            Console.WriteLine(ex.Message);
         }
      }

The diagnostic output shows inbound and outbound messages

'nanoFramework.Tools.VS2019.Extension.dll' (Managed): Loaded 'C:\Users\BrynLewis\source\repos\RFM9X.NetNF\packages\nanoFramework.Hardware.Esp32.1.2.1-preview.10\lib\nanoFramework.Hardware.Esp32.dll', Symbols loaded.
The thread '<No Name>' (0x2) has exited with code 0 (0x0).
Sending 13 bytes message Hello LoRa 1!
RegIrqFlags 0X08
Transmit-Done
RegIrqFlags 0X50
Receive-Message
Received 17 byte message HeLoRa World! 136
Sending 13 bytes message Hello LoRa 2!
RegIrqFlags 0X08
Transmit-Done
RegIrqFlags 0X50
Receive-Message
Received 17 byte message HeLoRa World! 138
Sending 13 bytes message Hello LoRa 3!
RegIrqFlags 0X08
Transmit-Done
RegIrqFlags 0X50
Receive-Message
Received 17 byte message HeLoRa World! 140

20:32:58.079 -> Sending HeLoRa World! 134
20:33:04.553 -> Message: Hello LoRa 1!
20:33:04.553 -> Length: 13
20:33:04.587 -> FirstChar: 72
20:33:04.587 -> RSSI: -52
20:33:04.587 -> Snr: 9.50
20:33:04.622 -> 
20:33:08.137 -> Sending HeLoRa World! 136
20:33:14.568 -> Message: Hello LoRa 2!
20:33:14.568 -> Length: 13
20:33:14.602 -> FirstChar: 72
20:33:14.602 -> RSSI: -53
20:33:14.602 -> Snr: 9.75
20:33:14.635 -> 
20:33:19.135 -> Sending HeLoRa World! 138
20:33:24.560 -> Message: Hello LoRa 3!
20:33:24.560 -> Length: 13
20:33:24.594 -> FirstChar: 72
20:33:24.594 -> RSSI: -52
20:33:24.594 -> Snr: 9.25
20:33:24.628 ->

There did appear to be some oddness (leading to corrupted first message) with the RegOpMode setting(0b10000000 vs. 0b10000001) for my STM32F429 Discovery and Sparkfun LoRa Gateway 1 Channel ESP32.

I think it maybe due to the Discovery having the rest line connected but unlike the Sparkfun LoRa Gateway.

nanoFramework LoRa library Part5

Posted on May 5, 2020 by devmobilenz

Receive Basic

This code implements the reception of messages builds on my transmit basic sample. I had to add a simple for loop to replace un-printable characters in the received message with spaces as nanoFramework UTF8Encoding.UTF8.GetString was throwing exceptions.

23:06:19.172 -> Sending HeLoRa World! 94
23:06:29.556 -> Sending HeLoRa World! 96
23:06:40.274 -> Sending HeLoRa World! 98
23:06:51.064 -> Sending HeLoRa World! 100
23:07:02.012 -> Sending HeLoRa World! 102
23:07:12.534 -> Sending HeLoRa World! 104
23:07:17.657 -> Message: ⸮LoRaIoT1Maduino2at 50.2,ah 90,wsa 4,wsg 11,wd 184.13,r 0.00,
23:07:17.725 -> Length: 61
23:07:17.725 -> FirstChar: 136
23:07:17.793 -> RSSI: -81
23:07:17.793 -> Snr: 9.50
23:07:17.793 -> 
23:07:23.216 -> Sending HeLoRa World! 106
23:07:34.228 -> Sending HeLoRa World! 108
23:07:44.907 -> Sending HeLoRa World! 110
23:07:55.930 -> Sending HeLoRa World! 112

For testing this code I used the same version of the LoRaSetSyncWord example as Transmit Basic

   class Program
   {
#if ST_STM32F429I_DISCOVERY
      private const string SpiBusId = "SPI5";
#endif
#if ESP32_WROOM_32_LORA_1_CHANNEL
      private const string SpiBusId = "SPI1";
#endif

      static void Main()
      {
#if ST_STM32F429I_DISCOVERY
         int chipSelectPinNumber = PinNumber('C', 2);
         int resetPinNumber = PinNumber('C', 3);
#endif
#if ESP32_WROOM_32_LORA_1_CHANNEL
         int chipSelectPinNumber = Gpio.IO16;
#endif

         try
         {
#if ESP32_WROOM_32_LORA_1_CHANNEL
            Configuration.SetPinFunction(Gpio.IO12, DeviceFunction.SPI1_MISO);
            Configuration.SetPinFunction(Gpio.IO13, DeviceFunction.SPI1_MOSI);
            Configuration.SetPinFunction(Gpio.IO14, DeviceFunction.SPI1_CLOCK);
            Rfm9XDevice rfm9XDevice = new Rfm9XDevice(SpiBusId, chipSelectPinNumber);
#endif
#if ST_STM32F429I_DISCOVERY
            Rfm9XDevice rfm9XDevice = new Rfm9XDevice(SpiBusId, chipSelectPinNumber, resetPinNumber);
#endif
             Thread.Sleep(500);

            // Put device into LoRa + Sleep mode
            rfm9XDevice.RegisterWriteByte(0x01, 0b10000000); // RegOpMode 

            // Set the frequency to 915MHz
            byte[] frequencyWriteBytes = { 0xE4, 0xC0, 0x00 }; // RegFrMsb, RegFrMid, RegFrLsb
            rfm9XDevice.RegisterWrite(0x06, frequencyWriteBytes);

            rfm9XDevice.RegisterWriteByte(0x0F, 0x0); // RegFifoRxBaseAddress 

            rfm9XDevice.RegisterWriteByte(0x01, 0b10000101); // RegOpMode set LoRa & RxContinuous

            while (true)
            {
               // Wait until a packet is received, no timeouts in PoC
               Console.WriteLine("Receive-Wait");
               byte irqFlags = rfm9XDevice.RegisterReadByte(0x12); // RegIrqFlags
               while ((irqFlags & 0b01000000) == 0)  // wait until RxDone cleared
               {
                  Thread.Sleep(100);
                  irqFlags = rfm9XDevice.RegisterReadByte(0x12); // RegIrqFlags
                  Console.Write(".");
               }
               Console.WriteLine("");
               Console.WriteLine($"RegIrqFlags 0X{irqFlags:X2}");
               Console.WriteLine("Receive-Message");
               byte currentFifoAddress = rfm9XDevice.RegisterReadByte(0x10); // RegFifiRxCurrent
               rfm9XDevice.RegisterWriteByte(0x0d, currentFifoAddress); // RegFifoAddrPtr

               byte numberOfBytes = rfm9XDevice.RegisterReadByte(0x13); // RegRxNbBytes

               byte[] messageBytes = rfm9XDevice.RegisterRead(0x00, numberOfBytes); // RegFifo

               rfm9XDevice.RegisterWriteByte(0x0d, 0);
               rfm9XDevice.RegisterWriteByte(0x12, 0b11111111); // RegIrqFlags clear all the bits

               // Remove unprintable characters from messages
               for( int index = 0; index < messageBytes.Length; index++)
               {
                  if ((messageBytes[index] < 0x20) || (messageBytes[index] > 0x7E))
                  {
                     messageBytes[index] = 0x20;
                  }
               }

               string messageText = UTF8Encoding.UTF8.GetString(messageBytes, 0, messageBytes.Length);
               Console.WriteLine($"Received {messageBytes.Length} byte message {messageText}");

               Console.WriteLine("Receive-Done");
            }
         }
         catch (Exception ex)
         {
            Console.WriteLine(ex.Message);
         }
      }

#if ST_STM32F429I_DISCOVERY
      static int PinNumber(char port, byte pin)
      {
         if (port < 'A' || port > 'J')
            throw new ArgumentException();

         return ((port - 'A') * 16) + pin;
      }
#endif
   }

The receive code works reliably but has no error detection or correction capability.

The thread '<No Name>' (0x2) has exited with code 0 (0x0).
Receive-Wait
................................................................
RegIrqFlags 0X50
Receive-Message
Received 17 byte message HeLoRa World! 114
Receive-Done
Receive-Wait
.......................................................................................................
RegIrqFlags 0X50
Receive-Message
Received 17 byte message HeLoRa World! 116
Receive-Done
Receive-Wait
.....................
RegIrqFlags 0X50
Receive-Message
Received 60 byte message  LoRaIoT1Maduino2at 50.2,ah 90,wsa 3,wsg 5,wd 178.50,r 0.00,
Receive-Done
Receive-Wait
.......................................................................................
RegIrqFlags 0X50
Receive-Message
Received 17 byte message HeLoRa World! 118
Receive-Done
Receive-Wait

I will look at implementing some sort of carrier-sense multiple access with collision avoidance solution to reduce the number of corrupted messages when two (or possibly more devices) transmit at the same time.

nanoFramework LoRa library Part4B

Posted on May 4, 2020 by devmobilenz

Transmit Basic Revisited

After finding some possible SPI library issues (April 2020) with my STM32F429 Discovery + Dragino LoRa shield for Arduino test rig I wanted to trial my code on another nanoFramework platform.

I had ordered a Sparkfun LoRa Gateway 1 Channel ESP32 for a LoRaWAN research project from a local supplier and an unexpected “bonus” was that the ESP32 WROOM platform is supported by the nanoFramework.

Sparkfun LoRa Gateway 1 Channel with wire antenna

I am using this in conjunction with my Armtronix IA005 SX1276 loRa node and my STM32F429 Discovery + Dragino LoRa shield for Arduino test rig.

STM32F429 Discovery+ Dragino LoRa shield with Armtronix device

The code now works on STM32F429 Discovery and ESP32 WROOM platforms. (manual update nanoFramework.Hardware.Esp32 NuGet reference required)

Sparkfun LoRa Gateway 1 Channel schematic

One disadvantage of the SparkFun device is that the reset pin on the SX127X doesn’t appear to be connected to the ESP32 so I can’t factory reset the device in code.

//#define ST_STM32F429I_DISCOVERY       //nanoff --target ST_STM32F429I_DISCOVERY --update
#define ESP32_WROOM_32_LORA_1_CHANNEL   //nanoff --target ESP32_WROOM_32 --serialport COM4 --update
namespace devMobile.IoT.Rfm9x.TransmitBasic
{
   using System;
   using System.Text;
   using System.Threading;

   using Windows.Devices.Gpio;
   using Windows.Devices.Spi;

#if ESP32_WROOM_32_LORA_1_CHANNEL
   using nanoFramework.Hardware.Esp32;
#endif

   public sealed class Rfm9XDevice
   {
      private SpiDevice rfm9XLoraModem;
      private const byte RegisterAddressReadMask = 0X7f;
      private const byte RegisterAddressWriteMask = 0x80;

      public Rfm9XDevice(string spiPort, int chipSelectPin, int resetPin)
      {
         var settings = new SpiConnectionSettings(chipSelectPin)
         {
            ClockFrequency = 1000000,
            //DataBitLength = 8,
            Mode = SpiMode.Mode0,// From SemTech docs pg 80 CPOL=0, CPHA=0
            SharingMode = SpiSharingMode.Shared,
         };

         rfm9XLoraModem = SpiDevice.FromId(spiPort, settings);

         // Factory reset pin configuration
         GpioController gpioController = GpioController.GetDefault();
         GpioPin resetGpioPin = gpioController.OpenPin(resetPin);
         resetGpioPin.SetDriveMode(GpioPinDriveMode.Output);
         resetGpioPin.Write(GpioPinValue.Low);
         Thread.Sleep(10);
         resetGpioPin.Write(GpioPinValue.High);
         Thread.Sleep(10);
      }

      public Rfm9XDevice(string spiPort, int chipSelectPin)
      {
         var settings = new SpiConnectionSettings(chipSelectPin)
         {
            ClockFrequency = 1000000,
            Mode = SpiMode.Mode0,// From SemTech docs pg 80 CPOL=0, CPHA=0
            SharingMode = SpiSharingMode.Shared,
         };

         rfm9XLoraModem = SpiDevice.FromId(spiPort, settings);
      }

      public Byte RegisterReadByte(byte registerAddress)
      {
         byte[] writeBuffer = new byte[] { registerAddress &= RegisterAddressReadMask, 0x0 };
         byte[] readBuffer = new byte[writeBuffer.Length];

         rfm9XLoraModem.TransferFullDuplex(writeBuffer, readBuffer);

         return readBuffer[1];
      }

      public ushort RegisterReadWord(byte address)
      {
         byte[] writeBuffer = new byte[] { address &= RegisterAddressReadMask, 0x0, 0x0 };
         byte[] readBuffer = new byte[writeBuffer.Length];

         rfm9XLoraModem.TransferFullDuplex(writeBuffer, readBuffer);

         return (ushort)(readBuffer[2] + (readBuffer[1] << 8));
      }

      public byte[] RegisterRead(byte address, int length)
      {
         byte[] writeBuffer = new byte[length + 1];
         byte[] readBuffer = new byte[writeBuffer.Length];
         byte[] repyBuffer = new byte[length];

         writeBuffer[0] = address &= RegisterAddressReadMask;

         rfm9XLoraModem.TransferFullDuplex(writeBuffer, readBuffer);

         Array.Copy(readBuffer, 1, repyBuffer, 0, length);

         return repyBuffer;
      }

      public void RegisterWriteByte(byte address, byte value)
      {
         byte[] writeBuffer = new byte[] { address |= RegisterAddressWriteMask, value };
         byte[] readBuffer = new byte[writeBuffer.Length];

         rfm9XLoraModem.TransferFullDuplex(writeBuffer, readBuffer);
      }

      public void RegisterWriteWord(byte address, ushort value)
      {
         byte[] valueBytes = BitConverter.GetBytes(value);
         byte[] writeBuffer = new byte[] { address |= RegisterAddressWriteMask, valueBytes[0], valueBytes[1] };
         byte[] readBuffer = new byte[writeBuffer.Length];

         rfm9XLoraModem.TransferFullDuplex(writeBuffer,readBuffer);
      }

      public void RegisterWrite(byte address, byte[] bytes)
      {
         byte[] writeBuffer = new byte[1 + bytes.Length];
         byte[] readBuffer = new byte[writeBuffer.Length];

         Array.Copy(bytes, 0, writeBuffer, 1, bytes.Length);
         writeBuffer[0] = address |= RegisterAddressWriteMask;

         rfm9XLoraModem.TransferFullDuplex(writeBuffer, readBuffer);
      }

      public void RegisterDump()
      {
         Console.WriteLine("Register dump");
         for (byte registerIndex = 0; registerIndex <= 0x42; registerIndex++)
         {
            byte registerValue = this.RegisterReadByte(registerIndex);

            Console.WriteLine($"Register 0x{registerIndex:x2} - Value 0X{registerValue:x2}");
         }
      }
   }

   class Program
   {
#if ST_STM32F429I_DISCOVERY
      private const string SpiBusId = "SPI5";
#endif
#if ESP32_WROOM_32_LORA_1_CHANNEL
      private const string SpiBusId = "SPI1";
#endif

      static void Main()
      {
         int SendCount = 0;
#if ST_STM32F429I_DISCOVERY
         int chipSelectPinNumber = PinNumber('C', 2);
         int resetPinNumber = PinNumber('C', 3);
#endif
#if ESP32_WROOM_32_LORA_1_CHANNEL
         int chipSelectPinNumber = Gpio.IO16;
#endif
         try
         {
#if ESP32_WROOM_32_LORA_1_CHANNEL
            Configuration.SetPinFunction(Gpio.IO12, DeviceFunction.SPI1_MISO);
            Configuration.SetPinFunction(Gpio.IO13, DeviceFunction.SPI1_MOSI);
            Configuration.SetPinFunction(Gpio.IO14, DeviceFunction.SPI1_CLOCK);
            Rfm9XDevice rfm9XDevice = new Rfm9XDevice(SpiBusId, chipSelectPinNumber);
#endif
#if ST_STM32F429I_DISCOVERY
            Rfm9XDevice rfm9XDevice = new Rfm9XDevice(SpiBusId, chipSelectPinNumber, resetPinNumber);
#endif
            Thread.Sleep(500);

            // Put device into LoRa + Standby mode
            rfm9XDevice.RegisterWriteByte(0x01, 0b10000001); // RegOpMode 

            // Set the frequency to 915MHz
            byte[] frequencyWriteBytes = { 0xE4, 0xC0, 0x00 }; // RegFrMsb, RegFrMid, RegFrLsb
            rfm9XDevice.RegisterWrite(0x06, frequencyWriteBytes);

            // More power PA Boost
            rfm9XDevice.RegisterWriteByte(0x09, 0b10000000); // RegPaConfig

            rfm9XDevice.RegisterDump();

            while (true)
            {
               rfm9XDevice.RegisterWriteByte(0x0E, 0x0); // RegFifoTxBaseAddress 

               // Set the Register Fifo address pointer
               rfm9XDevice.RegisterWriteByte(0x0D, 0x0); // RegFifoAddrPtr 

               string messageText = $"Hello LoRa {SendCount += 1}!";

               // load the message into the fifo
               byte[] messageBytes = UTF8Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(messageText);
               rfm9XDevice.RegisterWrite(0x0, messageBytes); // RegFifo

               // Set the length of the message in the fifo
               rfm9XDevice.RegisterWriteByte(0x22, (byte)messageBytes.Length); // RegPayloadLength

               Console.WriteLine($"Sending {messageBytes.Length} bytes message {messageText}");
               /// Set the mode to LoRa + Transmit
               rfm9XDevice.RegisterWriteByte(0x01, 0b10000011); // RegOpMode 

               // Wait until send done, no timeouts in PoC
               Console.WriteLine("Send-wait");
               byte IrqFlags = rfm9XDevice.RegisterReadByte(0x12); // RegIrqFlags
               while ((IrqFlags & 0b00001000) == 0)  // wait until TxDone cleared
               {
                  Thread.Sleep(10);
                  IrqFlags = rfm9XDevice.RegisterReadByte(0x12); // RegIrqFlags
                  Console.WriteLine(".");
               }
               Console.WriteLine("");
               rfm9XDevice.RegisterWriteByte(0x12, 0b00001000); // clear TxDone bit
               Console.WriteLine("Send-Done");

               Thread.Sleep(10000);
            }
         }
         catch (Exception ex)
         {
            Console.WriteLine(ex.Message);
         }
      }

#if ST_STM32F429I_DISCOVERY
      static int PinNumber(char port, byte pin)
      {
         if (port < 'A' || port > 'J')
            throw new ArgumentException();

         return ((port - 'A') * 16) + pin;
      }
#endif
   }
}

When I initially ran the application in Visual Studio 2019 the text below was displayed in the output window.

Register dump
Register 0x00 - Value 0X00
Register 0x01 - Value 0X80
Register 0x02 - Value 0X1A
Register 0x03 - Value 0X0B
Register 0x04 - Value 0X00
…
Register 0x3E - Value 0X00
Register 0x3F - Value 0X00
Register 0x40 - Value 0X00
Register 0x41 - Value 0X00
Register 0x42 - Value 0X12
Sending 13 bytes message Hello LoRa 1!
Send-wait
.
.
.
.
.
Send-Done
Sending 13 bytes message Hello LoRa 2!
Send-wait
.
.
.
.
.
Send-Done

I could the see the messages arriving at the Armtronix device in the Arduino monitor.

18:21:46.299 -> Sending HeLoRa World! 188
18:21:48.700 -> Message: p8V⸮⸮⸮⸮⸮Kg
18:21:48.700 -> Length: 13
18:21:48.734 -> FirstChar: 112
18:21:48.734 -> RSSI: -70
18:21:48.734 -> Snr: 9.50
18:21:48.769 -> 
18:21:50.193 -> Message: Hello LoRa 10!
18:21:50.193 -> Length: 14
18:21:50.226 -> FirstChar: 72
18:21:50.226 -> RSSI: -49
18:21:50.226 -> Snr: 10.00
18:21:50.260 -> 
18:21:56.652 -> Sending HeLoRa World! 190
18:21:58.765 -> Message: Hello LoRa 2!
18:21:58.765 -> Length: 13
18:21:58.798 -> FirstChar: 72
18:21:58.798 -> RSSI: -71
18:21:58.798 -> Snr: 9.75
18:21:58.832 -> 
18:22:00.268 -> Message: Hello LoRa 11!
18:22:00.268 -> Length: 14
18:22:00.302 -> FirstChar: 72
18:22:00.302 -> RSSI: -49
18:22:00.302 -> Snr: 10.00
18:22:00.336 ->

The first message was getting corrupted (only when running in the debugger) which after some trial and error I think was most probably due to my RegOpMode register mode configuration.

// Put device into LoRa + Sleep mode
rfm9XDevice.RegisterWriteByte(0x01, 0b10000000);

// Put device into LoRa + Standby mode
rfm9XDevice.RegisterWriteByte(0x01, 0b10000001);

After a couple of years and half a dozen platform ports still finding bugs in my samples…

RFM9X.TinyCLR V2 on Github

Posted on May 2, 2020 by devmobilenz

The source code of my GHI Electronics TinyCLR-OS RFM9X/SX127X library is live on GitHub. The test harness uses a dragino technology LoRa shield for Arduino with some jumper wires. For a more robust solution I have some Casco Logix RFM95 LoRa MikroBUS Modules on order (May 2020)

A sample application which shows how to send/receive address/un-addresses payloads

//---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Copyright (c) March/April 2020, devMobile Software
//
// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
// You may obtain a copy of the License at
//
//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
//
// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
// limitations under the License.
//
//---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
namespace devMobile.IoT.Rfm9x.LoRaDeviceClient
{
	using System;
	using System.Diagnostics;
	using System.Text;
	using System.Threading;

	using GHIElectronics.TinyCLR.Pins;

	using devMobile.IoT.Rfm9x;

	class Program
   {
      static void Main()
      {
			//const string DeviceName = "SC20100LoRa";
			//const string HostName = "LoRaIoT1";
			const string DeviceName = "LoRaIoT1";
#if ADDRESSED_MESSAGES_PAYLOAD
			const string HostName = "LoRaIoT2";
#endif
			const double Frequency = 915000000.0;
			byte MessageCount = System.Byte.MaxValue;
			Rfm9XDevice rfm9XDevice = new Rfm9XDevice(SC20100.SpiBus.Spi3, SC20100.GpioPin.PA13, SC20100.GpioPin.PA14, SC20100.GpioPin.PE4);

			rfm9XDevice.Initialise(Frequency, paBoost: true, rxPayloadCrcOn: true);
#if DEBUG
			rfm9XDevice.RegisterDump();
#endif

			rfm9XDevice.OnReceive += Rfm9XDevice_OnReceive;
#if ADDRESSED_MESSAGES_PAYLOAD
			rfm9XDevice.Receive(UTF8Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(DeviceName));
#else
			rfm9XDevice.Receive();
#endif
			rfm9XDevice.OnTransmit += Rfm9XDevice_OnTransmit;

			Thread.Sleep(10000);

			while (true)
			{
				string messageText = string.Format("Hello from {0} ! {1}", DeviceName, MessageCount);
				MessageCount -= 1;

				byte[] messageBytes = UTF8Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(messageText);
				Debug.WriteLine($"{DateTime.Now:HH:mm:ss}-TX {messageBytes.Length} byte message {messageText}");
#if ADDRESSED_MESSAGES_PAYLOAD
				rfm9XDevice.Send(UTF8Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(HostName), messageBytes);
#else
				rfm9XDevice.Send(messageBytes);
#endif
				Thread.Sleep(10000);
			}
		}

		private static void Rfm9XDevice_OnReceive(object sender, Rfm9XDevice.OnDataReceivedEventArgs e)
		{
			try
			{
				string messageText = UTF8Encoding.UTF8.GetString(e.Data);

#if ADDRESSED_MESSAGES_PAYLOAD
				string addressText = UTF8Encoding.UTF8.GetString(e.Address);

				Debug.WriteLine($@"{DateTime.Now:HH:mm:ss}-RX From {addressText} PacketSnr {e.PacketSnr} Packet RSSI {e.PacketRssi}dBm RSSI {e.Rssi}dBm = {e.Data.Length} byte message ""{messageText}""");
#else
				Debug.WriteLine($@"{DateTime.Now:HH:mm:ss}-RX PacketSnr {e.PacketSnr} Packet RSSI {e.PacketRssi}dBm RSSI {e.Rssi}dBm = {e.Data.Length} byte message ""{messageText}""");
#endif
			}
			catch (Exception ex)
			{
				Debug.WriteLine(ex.Message);
			}
		}

		private static void Rfm9XDevice_OnTransmit(object sender, Rfm9XDevice.OnDataTransmitedEventArgs e)
		{
			Debug.WriteLine($"{DateTime.Now:HH:mm:ss}-TX Done");
		}
	}
}

The library works but should be treated as late beta.

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Random wanderings through Microsoft Azure, Windows 10 Iot Core, .Net Micro Framework, .Net Nano Framework and GHI Electronics TinyCLR

Monthly Archives: May 2020