iwanders/plainRFM69 revisited

Posted on October 12, 2019 by devmobilenz

After problems with interleaved interrupt handling in my Windows 10 IoT Core client I figured the AutoMode used by the plainRFM69 library might be worth investigation. My first Arduino client was based on the plainRFM69 library but had Interoperability issues.

For this attempt I also started with the minimal sample and modified the code to send and receive text messages.

/*
    Copyright (c) 2014, Ivor Wanders, Bryn Lewis 2019
    MIT License, see the LICENSE.md file in the root folder.
*/

#include <SPI.h&gt;
#include <plainRFM69.h&gt;

// slave select pin.
#define SLAVE_SELECT_PIN 10

// connected to the reset pin of the RFM69.
#define RESET_PIN 9

// tie this pin down on the receiver.
#define SENDER_DETECT_PIN A0

const uint8_t tx_buffer[] = "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTURWXYZ1234567890";
//const uint8_t tx_buffer[] = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz1234567890";
uint8_t rx_buffer[sizeof(tx_buffer)] = "";

plainRFM69 rfm = plainRFM69(SLAVE_SELECT_PIN);


void sender() {

  uint32_t start_time = millis();

  uint32_t counter = 1; // the counter which we are going to send.

  while (true) {
    rfm.poll(); // run poll as often as possible.

    if (!rfm.canSend()) {
      continue; // sending is not possible, already sending.
    }

    if ((millis() - start_time) &gt; 1000) { // every 500 ms.
      start_time = millis();

      // be a little bit verbose.
      Serial.print("Send:"); Serial.println(counter);

      // send the number of bytes equal to that set with setPacketLength.
      // read those bytes from memory where counter starts.
      rfm.sendVariable(tx_buffer, counter);

      counter++; // increase the counter.

      if ( counter &gt; strlen(tx_buffer))
      {
        counter = 1;
      }
    }
  }
}

void receiver() {
  uint32_t counter = 0; // to count the messages.

  while (true) {

    rfm.poll(); // poll as often as possible.

    while (rfm.available())
    {
      uint8_t len = rfm.read(rx_buffer); // read the packet into the new_counter.

      // print verbose output.
      Serial.print("Packet Len:");
      Serial.print( len );
      Serial.print(" : ");
      Serial.println((char*)rx_buffer);
    }
  }
}

void setup() {
  Serial.begin(9600);
  SPI.begin();

  bareRFM69::reset(RESET_PIN); // sent the RFM69 a hard-reset.

  //rfm.setRecommended(); // set recommended paramters in RFM69.
  rfm.setPacketType(true, false); // set the used packet type.

  rfm.setBufferSize(2);   // set the internal buffer size.
  rfm.setPacketLength(sizeof(rx_buffer)); // set the packet length.

  rfm.setFrequency((uint32_t)909560000); // set the frequency.

  rfm.setLNA(RFM69_LNA_IMP_200OHM, RFM69_LNA_GAIN_AGC_LOOP);

  // p71, 3 preamble bytes.
  rfm.setPreambleSize(16);

  // p71, 4 bytes sync of 0x01, only start listening when sync is matched.
  //uint8_t syncthing[] = {0xaa, 0x2d, 0xd4};
  uint8_t syncthing[] = {0xd4, 0x2d, 0xaa};
  rfm.setSyncConfig(true, false, sizeof(syncthing), 0);
  rfm.setSyncValue(&amp;syncthing, sizeof(syncthing));

  rfm.dumpRegisters(Serial);

  // baudrate is default, 4800 bps now.

  rfm.receive();
  // set it to receiving mode.

  pinMode(SENDER_DETECT_PIN, INPUT_PULLUP);
  delay(5);
}

void loop() {
  if (digitalRead(SENDER_DETECT_PIN) == LOW) {
    Serial.println("Going Receiver!");
    receiver();
    // this function never returns and contains an infinite loop.
  } else {
    Serial.println("Going sender!");
    sender();
    // idem.
  }
}

I took the list register values and loaded them into a Excel spreadsheet alongside the values from my Windows 10 IoT Core application

17:35:03.044 -> 0x0: 0x0
17:35:03.078 -> 0x1: 0x4
17:35:03.078 -> 0x2: 0x0
17:35:03.078 -> 0x3: 0x1A
17:35:03.112 -> 0x4: 0xB
17:35:03.112 -> 0x5: 0x0
17:35:03.112 -> 0x6: 0x52
17:35:03.146 -> 0x7: 0xE3
17:35:03.146 -> 0x8: 0x63
17:35:03.146 -> 0x9: 0xD7
17:35:03.180 -> 0xA: 0x41
17:35:03.180 -> 0xB: 0x40
17:35:03.180 -> 0xC: 0x2
17:35:03.215 -> 0xD: 0x92
17:35:03.215 -> 0xE: 0xF5
17:35:03.249 -> 0xF: 0x20
17:35:03.249 -> 0x10: 0x24
17:35:03.249 -> 0x11: 0x9F
17:35:03.282 -> 0x12: 0x9
17:35:03.282 -> 0x13: 0x1A
17:35:03.282 -> 0x14: 0x40
17:35:03.317 -> 0x15: 0xB0
17:35:03.317 -> 0x16: 0x7B
17:35:03.317 -> 0x17: 0x9B
17:35:03.317 -> 0x18: 0x88
17:35:03.351 -> 0x19: 0x86
17:35:03.351 -> 0x1A: 0x8A
17:35:03.384 -> 0x1B: 0x40
17:35:03.384 -> 0x1C: 0x80
17:35:03.384 -> 0x1D: 0x6
17:35:03.418 -> 0x1E: 0x10
17:35:03.418 -> 0x1F: 0x0
17:35:03.452 -> 0x20: 0x0
17:35:03.452 -> 0x21: 0x0
17:35:03.452 -> 0x22: 0x0
17:35:03.487 -> 0x23: 0x2
17:35:03.487 -> 0x24: 0xFF
17:35:03.487 -> 0x25: 0x0
17:35:03.521 -> 0x26: 0x5
17:35:03.521 -> 0x27: 0x80
17:35:03.521 -> 0x28: 0x0
17:35:03.556 -> 0x29: 0xFF
17:35:03.556 -> 0x2A: 0x0
17:35:03.556 -> 0x2B: 0x0
17:35:03.556 -> 0x2C: 0x0
17:35:03.590 -> 0x2D: 0x10
17:35:03.590 -> 0x2E: 0x90
17:35:03.624 -> 0x2F: 0xAA
17:35:03.624 -> 0x30: 0x2D
17:35:03.624 -> 0x31: 0xD4
17:35:03.659 -> 0x32: 0x0
17:35:03.659 -> 0x33: 0x0
17:35:03.659 -> 0x34: 0x0
17:35:03.693 -> 0x35: 0x0
17:35:03.693 -> 0x36: 0x0
17:35:03.728 -> 0x37: 0xD0
17:35:03.728 -> 0x38: 0x25
17:35:03.728 -> 0x39: 0x0
17:35:03.761 -> 0x3A: 0x0
17:35:03.761 -> 0x3B: 0x0
17:35:03.761 -> 0x3C: 0x1
17:35:03.795 -> 0x3D: 0x0
17:35:03.795 -> Going sender!
17:35:04.725 -> Send:1

First thing I noticed was the order of the three sync byes (Registers 0x2F, 0x30, 0x31) was reversed. I then modified the run method in the Windows 10 code so the registers settings on both devices matched. (I removed the PlainRFM69 SetRecommended call so as many of the default options as possible were used).

public void Run(IBackgroundTaskInstance taskInstance)
{
	byte[] syncValues = { 0xAA, 0x2D, 0xD4 };
	byte[] aesKeyValues = { 0x0, 0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x04, 0x05, 0x06, 0x07, 0x08, 0x09, 0x0A, 0x0B, 0x0C, 0x0D, 0X0E, 0X0F };

	try
	{
		rfm69Device.Initialise(Rfm69HcwDevice.RegOpModeMode.StandBy
										,frequency: 909560000.0 
										,dio0Mapping: Rfm69HcwDevice.Dio0Mapping.ReceiveCrcOk
										,preambleSize: 16												
										,syncValues: syncValues
										,packetFormat: Rfm69HcwDevice.RegPacketConfig1PacketFormat.VariableLength
										,packetDcFree: Rfm69HcwDevice.RegPacketConfig1DcFree.Whitening
										,autoRestartRx: false
										//,addressNode: 0x22
										//,addressbroadcast: 0x99
										//,aesKey: aesKeyValues
										);

		rfm69Device.OnReceive += Rfm69Device_OnReceive;
		rfm69Device.OnTransmit += Rfm69Device_OnTransmit;

		rfm69Device.RegisterDump();
		rfm69Device.SetMode(Rfm69HcwDevice.RegOpModeMode.Receive);


		while (true)
		{
			if (true)
			{
				string message = $"hello world {Environment.MachineName} {DateTime.Now:hh-mm-ss}";

				byte[] messageBuffer = UTF8Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(message);

				Debug.WriteLine("{0:HH:mm:ss.fff} Send-{1}", DateTime.Now, message);
				//rfm69Device.SendMessage( 0x11, messageBuffer);
				rfm69Device.SendMessage(messageBuffer);

				Debug.WriteLine("{0:HH:mm:ss.fff} Send-Done", DateTime.Now);

				Task.Delay(5000).Wait();
			}
			else
			{
				Debug.Write(".");
				Task.Delay(1000).Wait();
			}
		}
	}
	catch (Exception ex)
	{
		Debug.WriteLine(ex.Message);
	}
}

I also found an error with the declaration of the RegPacketConfig1DcFree enumeration (Whitening = 0b0100000 vs. Whitening = 0b01000000) which wouldn’t have helped.

public enum RegPacketConfig1DcFree : byte
{
	None = 0b00000000,
	Manchester = 0b00100000,
	Whitening = 0b01000000,
	Reserved = 0b01100000,
}
const RegPacketConfig1DcFree RegPacketConfig1DcFreeDefault = RegPacketConfig1DcFree.None;

I could then reliably sent messages to and receive messages from my Arduino Nano Radio Shield RFM69/95 device

Register 0x4c - Value 0X00 - Bits 00000000
Register 0x4d - Value 0X00 - Bits 00000000
...
17:55:53.559 Received 1 byte message A CRC Ok True
.17:55:54.441 Received 2 byte message AB CRC Ok True
.17:55:55.444 Received 3 byte message ABC CRC Ok True
.17:55:56.447 Received 4 byte message ABCD CRC Ok True
.17:55:57.449 Received 5 byte message ABCDE CRC Ok True
.17:55:58.453 Received 6 byte message ABCDEF CRC Ok True
The thread 0x578 has exited with code 0 (0x0).
.17:55:59.622 Received 7 byte message ABCDEFG CRC Ok True
.17:56:00.457 Received 8 byte message ABCDEFGH CRC Ok True
.17:56:01.460 Received 9 byte message ABCDEFGHI CRC Ok True
.17:56:02.463 Received 10 byte message ABCDEFGHIJ CRC Ok True
..17:56:03.955 Received 11 byte message ABCDEFGHIJK CRC Ok True
17:56:04.583 Received 12 byte message ABCDEFGHIJKL CRC Ok True

I did some investigation into that the plainRMF69 code and found the ReadMultiple and WriteMuliple methods reverse the byte order

void bareRFM69::writeMultiple(uint8_t reg, void* data, uint8_t len){
    SPI.beginTransaction(SPISettings(10000000, MSBFIRST, SPI_MODE0));  // gain control of SPI bus
    this-&gt;chipSelect(true); // assert chip select
    SPI.transfer(RFM69_WRITE_REG_MASK | (reg &amp; RFM69_READ_REG_MASK)); 
    uint8_t* r = reinterpret_cast<uint8_t*&gt;(data);
    for (uint8_t i=0; i < len ; i++){
        SPI.transfer(r[len - i - 1]);
    }
    this-&gt;chipSelect(false);// deassert chip select
    SPI.endTransaction();    // release the SPI bus
}

void bareRFM69::readMultiple(uint8_t reg, void* data, uint8_t len){
    SPI.beginTransaction(SPISettings(10000000, MSBFIRST, SPI_MODE0));  // gain control of SPI bus
    this-&gt;chipSelect(true); // assert chip select
    
    SPI.transfer((reg % RFM69_READ_REG_MASK));
    uint8_t* r = reinterpret_cast<uint8_t*&gt;(data);
    for (uint8_t i=0; i < len ; i++){
        r[len - i - 1] = SPI.transfer(0);
    }
    this-&gt;chipSelect(false);// deassert chip select
    SPI.endTransaction();    // release the SPI bus
}

I won’t be able to use interrupt AutoMode clients with the EasySensors shields as the DIO2 pin is not connected but on the AdaFruit RFM69HCW Radio Bonnet 433MHz or 915MHz it is connected to GPIO24.

Grove-VOC and eCO2 Gas Sensor (SGP30)

Posted on August 31, 2019 by devmobilenz

In preparation for a project to monitor the fumes (initially Volatile Organic Compounds) levels around the 3D Printers and Laser Cutters in a school makerspace I purchased a Grove -VOC and eCO2 Gas Sensor (SGP30) for evaluation.

Seeeduino Nano easySensors shield and Grove VOC & eCO2 Sensor

Seeeduino Nano devices have a single on-board I2C socket which meant I didn’t need a Grove Shield for Arduino Nano which reduced the size and cost of the sensor node.

I downloaded the sample code from the Seeedstudio wiki and modified my Easy Sensors Arduino Nano Radio Shield RFM69/95 Payload Addressing client to use the sensor.

My first attempt failed with an issues accessing an Analog port to read the serial number from the Microchip ATSHA204 security chip. After looking at the Seeed SGP30 library source code (based on Sensiron samples) I think the my Nano device was running out of memory. I then searched for other Arduino compatible SGP30 libraries and rebuilt he application with the one from Sparkfun,

/*
  Copyright ® 2019 August devMobile Software, All Rights Reserved

  THIS CODE AND INFORMATION IS PROVIDED "AS IS" WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY
  KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE
  IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND/OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
  PURPOSE.

  You can do what you want with this code, acknowledgment would be nice.
  http://www.devmobile.co.nz

  Seeedstudio Grove - VOC and eCO2 Gas Sensor (SGP30)
  https://www.seeedstudio.com/Grove-VOC-and-eCO2-Gas-Sensor-SGP30-p-3071.html

  Seeeduino Nano 
  https://www.seeedstudio.com/Seeeduino-Nano-p-4111.html
  
  Polycarbonate enclosure approx 3.5" x 4.5"
    2 x Cable glands
    1 x Grommet to seal SMA antenna connector
    3M command adhesive strips to hold battery &amp; device in place
   
*/
#include <stdlib.h&gt;
#include "SparkFun_SGP30_Arduino_Library.h" 
#include <LoRa.h&gt;
#include <sha204_library.h&gt;

//#define DEBUG
//#define DEBUG_TELEMETRY
//#define DEBUG_LORA
#define DEBUG_VOC_AND_CO2

#define UNITS_VOC "ppb"
#define UNITS_CO2 "ppm"

// LoRa field gateway configuration (these settings must match your field gateway)
const byte DeviceAddressMaximumLength = 15 ;
const char FieldGatewayAddress[] = {"LoRaIoT1"};
const float FieldGatewayFrequency =  915000000.0;
const byte FieldGatewaySyncWord = 0x12 ;

// Payload configuration
const int ChipSelectPin = 10;
const int ResetPin = 9;
const int InterruptPin = 2;

// LoRa radio payload configuration
const byte SensorIdValueSeperator = ' ' ;
const byte SensorReadingSeperator = ',' ;
const unsigned long SensorUploadDelay = 60000;

// ATSHA204 secure authentication, validation with crypto and hashing (currently only using for unique serial number)
const byte Atsha204Port = A3;
atsha204Class sha204(Atsha204Port);
const byte DeviceSerialNumberLength = 9 ;
byte deviceSerialNumber[DeviceSerialNumberLength] = {""};

SGP30 mySensor; //create an object of the SGP30 class

const byte PayloadSizeMaximum = 64 ;
byte payload[PayloadSizeMaximum];
byte payloadLength = 0 ;


void setup()
{
  Serial.begin(9600);

#ifdef DEBUG
  while (!Serial);
#endif
 
  Serial.println("Setup called");

  Serial.print("Field gateway:");
  Serial.print(FieldGatewayAddress ) ;
  Serial.print(" Frequency:");
  Serial.print( FieldGatewayFrequency,0 ) ;
  Serial.print("MHz SyncWord:");
  Serial.print( FieldGatewaySyncWord ) ;
  Serial.println();
  
   // Retrieve the serial number then display it nicely
  if(sha204.getSerialNumber(deviceSerialNumber))
  {
    Serial.println("sha204.getSerialNumber failed");
    while (true); // Drop into endless loop requiring restart
  }

  Serial.print("SNo:");
  DisplayHex( deviceSerialNumber, DeviceSerialNumberLength);
  Serial.println();

  Serial.println("LoRa setup start");

  // override the default chip select and reset pins
  LoRa.setPins(ChipSelectPin, ResetPin, InterruptPin);
  if (!LoRa.begin(FieldGatewayFrequency))
  {
    Serial.println("LoRa begin failed");
    while (true); // Drop into endless loop requiring restart
  }

  // Need to do this so field gateway pays attention to messsages from this device
  LoRa.enableCrc();
  LoRa.setSyncWord(FieldGatewaySyncWord);

#ifdef DEBUG_LORA
  LoRa.dumpRegisters(Serial);
#endif
  Serial.println("LoRa Setup done.");

  // Configure the DF Robot SHT20, temperature &amp; humidity sensor
  Serial.println("SGP30 setup start");  
  Wire.begin();
  if(mySensor.begin() == false)
  {
    Serial.println("SQP-30 initialisation failed");
    while (true); // Drop into endless loop requiring restart
  }
  mySensor.initAirQuality();
  delay(1000);  
  Serial.println("SGP30 setup done");

  PayloadHeader((byte *)FieldGatewayAddress,strlen(FieldGatewayAddress), deviceSerialNumber, DeviceSerialNumberLength);

  Serial.println("Setup done");
  Serial.println();
}


void loop()
{
  unsigned long currentMilliseconds = millis();  

  Serial.println("Loop called");

  mySensor.measureAirQuality();

  PayloadReset();  

  PayloadAdd( "v", mySensor.TVOC, false);
     
  PayloadAdd( "c", mySensor.CO2, false);
  
  #ifdef DEBUG_VOC_AND_CO2  
    Serial.print("VoC:");
    Serial.print( mySensor.TVOC ) ;
    Serial.print( UNITS_VOC ) ;
    Serial.print(" Co2:");
    Serial.print( mySensor.CO2 ) ;
    Serial.println( UNITS_CO2 ) ;
  #endif

  #ifdef DEBUG_TELEMETRY
    Serial.println();
    Serial.print("RFM9X/SX127X Payload length:");
    Serial.print(payloadLength);
    Serial.println(" bytes");
  #endif

  LoRa.beginPacket();
  LoRa.write(payload, payloadLength);
  LoRa.endPacket();

  Serial.println("Loop done");
  Serial.println();

  delay(SensorUploadDelay - (millis() - currentMilliseconds ));
}


void PayloadHeader( const byte *to, byte toAddressLength, const byte *from, byte fromAddressLength)
{
  byte addressesLength = toAddressLength + fromAddressLength ;

  payloadLength = 0 ;

  // prepare the payload header with "To" Address length (top nibble) and "From" address length (bottom nibble)
  
  payload[payloadLength] = (toAddressLength << 4) | fromAddressLength ;
  payloadLength += 1;

  // Copy the "To" address into payload
  memcpy(&amp;payload[payloadLength], to, toAddressLength);
  payloadLength += toAddressLength ;

  // Copy the "From" into payload
  memcpy(&amp;payload[payloadLength], from, fromAddressLength);
  payloadLength += fromAddressLength ;
}


void PayloadAdd( const char *sensorId, float value, byte decimalPlaces, bool last)
{
  byte sensorIdLength = strlen( sensorId ) ;

  memcpy( &amp;payload[payloadLength], sensorId,  sensorIdLength) ;
  payloadLength += sensorIdLength ;
  payload[ payloadLength] = SensorIdValueSeperator;
  payloadLength += 1 ;
  payloadLength += strlen( dtostrf(value, -1, decimalPlaces, (char *)&amp;payload[payloadLength]));
  if (!last)
  {
    payload[ payloadLength] = SensorReadingSeperator;
    payloadLength += 1 ;
  }
  
#ifdef DEBUG_TELEMETRY
  Serial.print("PayloadAdd float-payloadLength:");
  Serial.print( payloadLength);
  Serial.println( );
#endif
}


void PayloadAdd( char *sensorId, int value, bool last )
{
  byte sensorIdLength = strlen(sensorId) ;

  memcpy(&amp;payload[payloadLength], sensorId,  sensorIdLength) ;
  payloadLength += sensorIdLength ;
  payload[ payloadLength] = SensorIdValueSeperator;
  payloadLength += 1 ;
  payloadLength += strlen(itoa( value,(char *)&amp;payload[payloadLength],10));
  if (!last)
  {
    payload[ payloadLength] = SensorReadingSeperator;
    payloadLength += 1 ;
  }
  
#ifdef DEBUG_TELEMETRY
  Serial.print("PayloadAdd int-payloadLength:" );
  Serial.print(payloadLength);
  Serial.println( );
#endif
}


void PayloadAdd( char *sensorId, unsigned int value, bool last )
{
  byte sensorIdLength = strlen(sensorId) ;

  memcpy(&amp;payload[payloadLength], sensorId,  sensorIdLength) ;
  payloadLength += sensorIdLength ;
  payload[ payloadLength] = SensorIdValueSeperator;
  payloadLength += 1 ;
  payloadLength += strlen(utoa( value,(char *)&amp;payload[payloadLength],10));
  if (!last)
  {
    payload[ payloadLength] = SensorReadingSeperator;
    payloadLength += 1 ;
  }
  
#ifdef DEBUG_TELEMETRY
  Serial.print("PayloadAdd uint-payloadLength:");
  Serial.print(payloadLength);
  Serial.println( );
#endif
}


void PayloadReset()
{
  byte fromAddressLength = payload[0] &amp; 0xf ;
  byte toAddressLength = payload[0] &gt;&gt; 4 ;
  
  payloadLength = toAddressLength + fromAddressLength + 1;
}


void DisplayHex( byte *byteArray, byte length) 
{
  for (int i = 0; i < length ; i++)
  {
    // Add a leading zero
    if ( byteArray[i] < 16)
    {
      Serial.print("0");
    }
    Serial.print(byteArray[i], HEX);
    if ( i < (length-1)) // Don't put a - after last digit
    {
      Serial.print("-");
    }
  }
}

The code is available on GitHub.

11:32:52.947 -> Setup called
11:32:52.947 -> Field gateway:LoRaIoT1 Frequency:915000000MHz SyncWord:18
11:32:53.085 -> SNo:01-23-21-61-D6-D1-F5-86-EE
11:32:53.118 -> LoRa setup start
11:32:53.118 -> LoRa Setup done.
11:32:53.153 -> SGP30 setup start
11:32:54.083 -> SGP30 setup done
11:32:54.117 -> Setup done
11:32:54.117 -> 
11:32:54.117 -> Loop called
11:32:54.152 -> VoC:0ppb Co2:400ppm
11:32:54.187 -> Loop done
11:32:54.187 -> 
11:33:54.092 -> Loop called
11:33:54.127 -> VoC:0ppb Co2:400ppm
11:33:54.195 -> Loop done
11:33:54.195 -> 
11:34:54.098 -> Loop called
11:34:54.133 -> VoC:17ppb Co2:425ppm
11:34:54.201 -> Loop done
11:34:54.201 -> 
11:35:54.109 -> Loop called
11:35:54.142 -> VoC:11ppb Co2:421ppm
11:35:54.210 -> Loop done
11:35:54.210 -> 
11:36:54.109 -> Loop called
11:36:54.143 -> VoC:3ppb Co2:409ppm
11:36:54.212 -> Loop done
11:36:54.212 -> 
11:37:54.135 -> Loop called
11:37:54.135 -> VoC:12ppb Co2:400ppm
11:37:54.204 -> Loop done
11:37:54.204 -> 
11:38:54.126 -> Loop called
11:38:54.161 -> VoC:11ppb Co2:439ppm
11:38:54.231 -> Loop done

To configure the device in Azure IoT Central (similar process for Adafruit.IO, working on support for losant, ubidots and MyDevices) I copied the SNo: from the Arduino development tool logging window and appended c for the CO2 parts per million (ppm), v for VOC parts per billion (ppb) unique serial number from the ATSHA204A chip. (N.B. pay attention to the case of the field names they are case sensitive)

Overall the performance of the VoC sensor data is looking pretty positive, the eCO2 readings need some further investigation as they track the VOC levels. The large spike in the graph below is me putting an open vivid marker on my desk near the sensor.

eCO2 and VOC levels in my office for a day

Bill of materials (prices as at August 2019)

Seeeduino Nano USD6.90
Grove – VOC and eCO2 Gas Sensor (SGP30) USD15.90
EasySensors Arduino Nano radio shield RFM95 USD15.00

DF Robot Temperature & Humidity Sensor(SHT20) trial

Posted on August 25, 2019 by devmobilenz

In preparation for a project to build weather stations to place at a couple of local schools I purchased a DF Robot SHT20 Temperature & Humidity Sensor for evaluation.

Seeeduino Nano, EasySensors Shield & DF Robot Sensor test rig

The Seeeduino Nano devices I’m testing have a single on-board I2C socket which meant I didn’t need a Grove Shield for Arduino Nano which reduced the size and cost of the sensor node.

To test my setup I installed the DFRobot Arduino SHT20 library and downloaded a demo application to my device.

I started with my Easy Sensors Arduino Nano Radio Shield RFM69/95 Payload Addressing client and modified it to use the SHT20 sensor.

/*
  Copyright ® 2019 August devMobile Software, All Rights Reserved

  THIS CODE AND INFORMATION IS PROVIDED "AS IS" WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY
  KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE
  IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND/OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
  PURPOSE.

  You can do what you want with this code, acknowledgment would be nice.
  http://www.devmobile.co.nz

  DF Robot SHT20 Temperature &amp; Humidity sensor   https://www.dfrobot.com/wiki/index.php/SHT20_I2C_Temperature_%26_Humidity_Sensor_(Waterproof_Probe)_SKU:_SEN0227  

  Seeeduino Nano 
  https://www.seeedstudio.com/Seeeduino-Nano-p-4111.html
  
  Polycarbonate enclosure approx 3.5" x 4.5"
    2 x Cable glands
    1 x ufl to SMA connector
    3M command adhesive strips to hold battery &amp; device in place
   
*/
#include <stdlib.h&gt;
#include <DFRobot_SHT20.h&gt;
#include <LoRa.h&gt;
#include <sha204_library.h&gt;

//#define DEBUG
//#define DEBUG_TELEMETRY
//#define DEBUG_LORA
//#define DEBUG_TEMPERATURE_AND_HUMIDITY

#define UNITS_HUMIDITY "%"
#define UNITS_TEMPERATURE "°c"

// LoRa field gateway configuration (these settings must match your field gateway)
const byte DeviceAddressMaximumLength = 15 ;
const char FieldGatewayAddress[] = {"LoRaIoT1"};
const float FieldGatewayFrequency =  915000000.0;
const byte FieldGatewaySyncWord = 0x12 ;

// Payload configuration
const int ChipSelectPin = 10;
const int ResetPin = 9;
const int InterruptPin = 2;

// LoRa radio payload configuration
const byte SensorIdValueSeperator = ' ' ;
const byte SensorReadingSeperator = ',' ;
const unsigned long SensorUploadDelay = 60000;

// ATSHA204 secure authentication, validation with crypto and hashing (currently only using for unique serial number)
const byte Atsha204Port = A3;
atsha204Class sha204(Atsha204Port);
const byte DeviceSerialNumberLength = 9 ;
byte deviceSerialNumber[DeviceSerialNumberLength] = {""};

// SHT20 Air temperature and humidity sensor
DFRobot_SHT20 sht20;

const byte PayloadSizeMaximum = 64 ;
byte payload[PayloadSizeMaximum];
byte payloadLength = 0 ;


void setup()
{
  Serial.begin(9600);

#ifdef DEBUG
  while (!Serial);
#endif
 
  Serial.println("Setup called");

  Serial.print("Field gateway:");
  Serial.print(FieldGatewayAddress ) ;
  Serial.print(" Frequency:");
  Serial.print( FieldGatewayFrequency,0 ) ;
  Serial.print("MHz SyncWord:");
  Serial.print( FieldGatewaySyncWord ) ;
  Serial.println();
  
   // Retrieve the serial number then display it nicely
  if(sha204.getSerialNumber(deviceSerialNumber))
  {
    Serial.println("sha204.getSerialNumber failed");
    while (true); // Drop into endless loop requiring restart
  }

  Serial.print("SNo:");
  DisplayHex( deviceSerialNumber, DeviceSerialNumberLength);
  Serial.println();

  Serial.println("LoRa setup start");

  // override the default chip select and reset pins
  LoRa.setPins(ChipSelectPin, ResetPin, InterruptPin);
  if (!LoRa.begin(FieldGatewayFrequency))
  {
    Serial.println("LoRa begin failed");
    while (true); // Drop into endless loop requiring restart
  }

  // Need to do this so field gateway pays attention to messsages from this device
  LoRa.enableCrc();
  LoRa.setSyncWord(FieldGatewaySyncWord);

#ifdef DEBUG_LORA
  LoRa.dumpRegisters(Serial);
#endif
  Serial.println("LoRa Setup done.");

  // Configure the DF Robot SHT20, temperature &amp; humidity sensor
  Serial.println("SHT20 setup start");  
  sht20.initSHT20();
  delay(100);
  sht20.checkSHT20();    
  Serial.println("SHT20 setup done");

  PayloadHeader((byte *)FieldGatewayAddress,strlen(FieldGatewayAddress), deviceSerialNumber, DeviceSerialNumberLength);

  Serial.println("Setup done");
  Serial.println();
}


void loop()
{
  unsigned long currentMilliseconds = millis();  
  float temperature ;
  float humidity ;

  Serial.println("Loop called");

  PayloadReset();  

  humidity = sht20.readHumidity();          
  PayloadAdd( "h", humidity, 0, false);

  temperature = sht20.readTemperature();               
  PayloadAdd( "t", temperature, 1, false);
  
  #ifdef DEBUG_TEMPERATURE_AND_HUMIDITY  
    Serial.print("H:");
    Serial.print( humidity, 0 ) ;
    Serial.print( UNITS_HUMIDITY ) ;
    Serial.print("T:");
    Serial.print( temperature, 1 ) ;
    Serial.println( UNITS_TEMPERATURE ) ;
  #endif

  #ifdef DEBUG_TELEMETRY
    Serial.println();
    Serial.print("RFM9X/SX127X Payload length:");
    Serial.print(payloadLength);
    Serial.println(" bytes");
  #endif

  LoRa.beginPacket();
  LoRa.write(payload, payloadLength);
  LoRa.endPacket();

  Serial.println("Loop done");
  Serial.println();

  delay(SensorUploadDelay - (millis() - currentMilliseconds ));
}


void PayloadHeader( const byte *to, byte toAddressLength, const byte *from, byte fromAddressLength)
{
  byte addressesLength = toAddressLength + fromAddressLength ;

  payloadLength = 0 ;

  // prepare the payload header with "To" Address length (top nibble) and "From" address length (bottom nibble)
  
  payload[payloadLength] = (toAddressLength << 4) | fromAddressLength ;
  payloadLength += 1;

  // Copy the "To" address into payload
  memcpy(&amp;payload[payloadLength], to, toAddressLength);
  payloadLength += toAddressLength ;

  // Copy the "From" into payload
  memcpy(&amp;payload[payloadLength], from, fromAddressLength);
  payloadLength += fromAddressLength ;
}


void PayloadAdd( const char *sensorId, float value, byte decimalPlaces, bool last)
{
  byte sensorIdLength = strlen( sensorId ) ;

  memcpy( &amp;payload[payloadLength], sensorId,  sensorIdLength) ;
  payloadLength += sensorIdLength ;
  payload[ payloadLength] = SensorIdValueSeperator;
  payloadLength += 1 ;
  payloadLength += strlen( dtostrf(value, -1, decimalPlaces, (char *)&amp;payload[payloadLength]));
  if (!last)
  {
    payload[ payloadLength] = SensorReadingSeperator;
    payloadLength += 1 ;
  }
  
#ifdef DEBUG_TELEMETRY
  Serial.print("PayloadAdd float-payloadLength:");
  Serial.print( payloadLength);
  Serial.println( );
#endif
}


void PayloadAdd( char *sensorId, int value, bool last )
{
  byte sensorIdLength = strlen(sensorId) ;

  memcpy(&amp;payload[payloadLength], sensorId,  sensorIdLength) ;
  payloadLength += sensorIdLength ;
  payload[ payloadLength] = SensorIdValueSeperator;
  payloadLength += 1 ;
  payloadLength += strlen(itoa( value,(char *)&amp;payload[payloadLength],10));
  if (!last)
  {
    payload[ payloadLength] = SensorReadingSeperator;
    payloadLength += 1 ;
  }
  
#ifdef DEBUG_TELEMETRY
  Serial.print("PayloadAdd int-payloadLength:" );
  Serial.print(payloadLength);
  Serial.println( );
#endif
}


void PayloadAdd( char *sensorId, unsigned int value, bool last )
{
  byte sensorIdLength = strlen(sensorId) ;

  memcpy(&amp;payload[payloadLength], sensorId,  sensorIdLength) ;
  payloadLength += sensorIdLength ;
  payload[ payloadLength] = SensorIdValueSeperator;
  payloadLength += 1 ;
  payloadLength += strlen(utoa( value,(char *)&amp;payload[payloadLength],10));
  if (!last)
  {
    payload[ payloadLength] = SensorReadingSeperator;
    payloadLength += 1 ;
  }
  
#ifdef DEBUG_TELEMETRY
  Serial.print("PayloadAdd uint-payloadLength:");
  Serial.print(payloadLength);
  Serial.println( );
#endif
}


void PayloadReset()
{
  byte fromAddressLength = payload[0] &amp; 0xf ;
  byte toAddressLength = payload[0] &gt;&gt; 4 ;
  
  payloadLength = toAddressLength + fromAddressLength + 1;
}


void DisplayHex( byte *byteArray, byte length) 
{
  for (int i = 0; i < length ; i++)
  {
    // Add a leading zero
    if ( byteArray[i] < 16)
    {
      Serial.print("0");
    }
    Serial.print(byteArray[i], HEX);
    if ( i < (length-1)) // Don't put a - after last digit
    {
      Serial.print("-");
    }
  }
}

The code is available on GitHub.

20:52:09.656 -> Setup called
20:52:09.690 -> Field gateway:LoRaIoT1 Frequency:915000000MHz SyncWord:18
20:52:09.794 -> SNo:01-23-21-61-D6-D1-F5-86-EE
20:52:09.828 -> LoRa setup start
20:52:09.828 -> LoRa Setup done.
20:52:09.862 -> SHT20 setup start
20:52:09.932 -> End of battery: no
20:52:09.932 -> Heater enabled: no
20:52:09.965 -> Disable OTP reload: yes
20:52:09.999 -> SHT20 setup done
20:52:09.999 -> Setup done
20:52:09.999 -> 
20:52:09.999 -> Loop called
20:52:10.067 -> H:60%T:20.0°c
20:52:10.136 -> Loop done
20:52:10.136 -> 
20:53:09.915 -> Loop called
20:53:10.019 -> H:61%T:20.5°c
20:53:10.088 -> Loop done
20:53:10.088 ->

To configure the device in Azure IoT Central (similar process for Adafruit.IO, working on support for losant, ubidots and MyDevices) I copied the SNo: from the Arduino development tool logging window and appended p10 for PM 1 value, p25 for PM2.5 value and p100 for PM10 value to the unique serial number from the ATSHA204A chip. (N.B. pay attention to the case of the field names they are case sensitive)

When I moved the sensor indoors it appeared to take a while to warm up and after a while the metal body still felt cold. The sensor element is surrounded by quite a bit of protective packaging for outdoors use and I that would have a bit more thermal inertia the than the lightweight indoor enclosure.

It would be good to run the sensor alongside a calibrated temperature & humidity sensor to see how accurate and responsive it is.

Bill of materials (prices as at August 2019)

Seeeduino Nano USD6.90
Grove Screw Terminal USD2.90
DF Robot SHT20 I2C Temperature & Humidity Sensor USD22.50
EasySensors Arduino Nano radio shield RFM95 USD15.00

Grove – Laser PM2.5 Sensor(HM3301) trial

Posted on August 17, 2019 by devmobilenz

In preparation for a project to monitor the particulates levels around the 3D Printers and Laser Cutters in a school makerspace I purchased a Grove -Laser PM2.5 Sensor (HM3301) for evaluation.

Seeeduino, Grove HM3301 and easysensors shield

The Seeeduino Nano devices I’m testing have a single on-board I2C socket which meant I didn’t need a Grove Shield for Arduino Nano which reduced the size and cost of the sensor node.

To test my setup I installed the Seeed PM2.5 Sensor HM3301 Software Library and downloaded the demo application to my device.

I started with my Easy Sensors Arduino Nano Radio Shield RFM69/95 Payload Addressing client and modified it to use the HM3301 sensor.

After looking at the demo application I stripped out the checksum code and threw the rest away. In my test harness I have extracted only the PM1.0/PM2.5/PM10.0 (concentration CF=1, Standard particulate) in μg/ m3 values from the sensor response payload.

/*
  Copyright ® 2019 August devMobile Software, All Rights Reserved

  THIS CODE AND INFORMATION IS PROVIDED "AS IS" WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY
  KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE
  IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND/OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
  PURPOSE.

  You can do what you want with this code, acknowledgment would be nice.

  http://www.devmobile.co.nz

*/
#include <stdlib.h&gt;
#include <LoRa.h&gt;
#include <sha204_library.h&gt;
#include "Seeed_HM330X.h"

//#define DEBUG
//#define DEBUG_TELEMETRY
//#define DEBUG_LORA

const byte SensorPayloadLength = 28 ;
const byte SensorPayloadBufferSize  = 29 ;
const byte SensorPayloadPM1_0Position = 4;
const byte SensorPayloadPM2_5Position = 6;
const byte SensorPayloadPM10_0Position = 8;

HM330X sensor;
byte SensorPayload[SensorPayloadBufferSize];
  
// LoRa field gateway configuration (these settings must match your field gateway)
const byte DeviceAddressMaximumLength = 15 ;
const char FieldGatewayAddress[] = {"LoRaIoT1"};
const float FieldGatewayFrequency =  915000000.0;
const byte FieldGatewaySyncWord = 0x12 ;

// Payload configuration
const int ChipSelectPin = 10;
const int ResetPin = 9;
const int InterruptPin = 2;

// LoRa radio payload configuration
const byte SensorIdValueSeperator = ' ' ;
const byte SensorReadingSeperator = ',' ;
const unsigned long SensorUploadDelay = 60000;

// ATSHA204 secure authentication, validation with crypto and hashing (currently only using for unique serial number)
const byte Atsha204Port = A3;
atsha204Class sha204(Atsha204Port);
const byte DeviceSerialNumberLength = 9 ;
byte deviceSerialNumber[DeviceSerialNumberLength] = {""};

const byte PayloadSizeMaximum = 64 ;
byte payload[PayloadSizeMaximum];
byte payloadLength = 0 ;


void setup()
{
  Serial.begin(9600);

#ifdef DEBUG
  while (!Serial);
#endif
 
  Serial.println("Setup called");

  Serial.print("Field gateway:");
  Serial.print(FieldGatewayAddress ) ;
  Serial.print(" Frequency:");
  Serial.print( FieldGatewayFrequency,0 ) ;
  Serial.print("MHz SyncWord:");
  Serial.print( FieldGatewaySyncWord ) ;
  Serial.println();
  
   // Retrieve the serial number then display it nicely
  if(sha204.getSerialNumber(deviceSerialNumber))
  {
    Serial.println("sha204.getSerialNumber failed");
    while (true); // Drop into endless loop requiring restart
  }

  Serial.print("SNo:");
  DisplayHex( deviceSerialNumber, DeviceSerialNumberLength);
  Serial.println();

  Serial.println("LoRa setup start");

  // override the default chip select and reset pins
  LoRa.setPins(ChipSelectPin, ResetPin, InterruptPin);
  if (!LoRa.begin(FieldGatewayFrequency))
  {
    Serial.println("LoRa begin failed");
    while (true); // Drop into endless loop requiring restart
  }

  // Need to do this so field gateway pays attention to messsages from this device
  LoRa.enableCrc();
  LoRa.setSyncWord(FieldGatewaySyncWord);

#ifdef DEBUG_LORA
  LoRa.dumpRegisters(Serial);
#endif
  Serial.println("LoRa Setup done.");

  // Configure the Seeedstudio CO2, temperature &amp; humidity sensor
  Serial.println("HM3301 setup start");
  if(sensor.init())
  {
    Serial.println("HM3301 init failed");
    while (true); // Drop into endless loop requiring restart
  
  }
  delay(100);
  Serial.println("HM3301 setup done");

  PayloadHeader((byte *)FieldGatewayAddress,strlen(FieldGatewayAddress), deviceSerialNumber, DeviceSerialNumberLength);

  Serial.println("Setup done");
  Serial.println();
}

void loop()
{
  unsigned long currentMilliseconds = millis();  
  byte sum=0;
  short pm1_0 ;
  short pm2_5 ;
  short pm10_0 ;

  Serial.println("Loop called");

  if(sensor.read_sensor_value(SensorPayload,SensorPayloadBufferSize) == NO_ERROR)
  {
    // Calculate then validate the payload "checksum"
    for(int i=0;i<SensorPayloadLength;i++)
    {
        sum+=SensorPayload[i];
    }
    if(sum!=SensorPayload[SensorPayloadLength])
    {
        Serial.println("Invalid checksum");
        return;
    }    

    PayloadReset();
    
    pm1_0 = (u16)SensorPayload[SensorPayloadPM1_0Position]<<8|SensorPayload[SensorPayloadPM1_0Position+1];
    Serial.print("PM1.5: ");
    Serial.print(pm1_0);
    Serial.println("ug/m3 ") ;

    PayloadAdd( "P10", pm1_0, false);
    
    pm2_5 = (u16)SensorPayload[SensorPayloadPM2_5Position]<<8|SensorPayload[SensorPayloadPM2_5Position+1];
    Serial.print("PM2.5: ");
    Serial.print(pm2_5);
    Serial.println("ug/m3 ") ;

    PayloadAdd( "P25", pm2_5, 1, false);

    pm10_0 = (u16)SensorPayload[SensorPayloadPM10_0Position]<<8|SensorPayload[SensorPayloadPM10_0Position+1];
    Serial.print("PM10.0: ");
    Serial.print(pm10_0);
    Serial.println("ug/m3 ");

    PayloadAdd( "P100", pm10_0, 0, true) ;

    #ifdef DEBUG_TELEMETRY
      Serial.println();
      Serial.print("RFM9X/SX127X Payload length:");
      Serial.print(payloadLength);
      Serial.println(" bytes");
    #endif

    LoRa.beginPacket();
    LoRa.write(payload, payloadLength);
    LoRa.endPacket();
  }
  Serial.println("Loop done");
  Serial.println();
  
  delay(SensorUploadDelay - (millis() - currentMilliseconds ));
}

void PayloadHeader( const byte *to, byte toAddressLength, const byte *from, byte fromAddressLength)
{
  byte addressesLength = toAddressLength + fromAddressLength ;

  payloadLength = 0 ;

  // prepare the payload header with "To" Address length (top nibble) and "From" address length (bottom nibble)
  
  payload[payloadLength] = (toAddressLength << 4) | fromAddressLength ;
  payloadLength += 1;

  // Copy the "To" address into payload
  memcpy(&amp;payload[payloadLength], to, toAddressLength);
  payloadLength += toAddressLength ;

  // Copy the "From" into payload
  memcpy(&amp;payload[payloadLength], from, fromAddressLength);
  payloadLength += fromAddressLength ;
}

void PayloadAdd( const char *sensorId, float value, byte decimalPlaces, bool last)
{
  byte sensorIdLength = strlen( sensorId ) ;

  memcpy( &amp;payload[payloadLength], sensorId,  sensorIdLength) ;
  payloadLength += sensorIdLength ;
  payload[ payloadLength] = SensorIdValueSeperator;
  payloadLength += 1 ;
  payloadLength += strlen( dtostrf(value, -1, decimalPlaces, (char *)&amp;payload[payloadLength]));
  if (!last)
  {
    payload[ payloadLength] = SensorReadingSeperator;
    payloadLength += 1 ;
  }
  
#ifdef DEBUG_TELEMETRY
  Serial.print("PayloadAdd float-payloadLength:");
  Serial.print( payloadLength);
  Serial.println( );
#endif
}

void PayloadAdd( char *sensorId, int value, bool last )
{
  byte sensorIdLength = strlen(sensorId) ;

  memcpy(&amp;payload[payloadLength], sensorId,  sensorIdLength) ;
  payloadLength += sensorIdLength ;
  payload[ payloadLength] = SensorIdValueSeperator;
  payloadLength += 1 ;
  payloadLength += strlen(itoa( value,(char *)&amp;payload[payloadLength],10));
  if (!last)
  {
    payload[ payloadLength] = SensorReadingSeperator;
    payloadLength += 1 ;
  }
  
#ifdef DEBUG_TELEMETRY
  Serial.print("PayloadAdd int-payloadLength:" );
  Serial.print(payloadLength);
  Serial.println( );
#endif
}

void PayloadAdd( char *sensorId, unsigned int value, bool last )
{
  byte sensorIdLength = strlen(sensorId) ;

  memcpy(&amp;payload[payloadLength], sensorId,  sensorIdLength) ;
  payloadLength += sensorIdLength ;
  payload[ payloadLength] = SensorIdValueSeperator;
  payloadLength += 1 ;
  payloadLength += strlen(utoa( value,(char *)&amp;payload[payloadLength],10));
  if (!last)
  {
    payload[ payloadLength] = SensorReadingSeperator;
    payloadLength += 1 ;
  }
  
#ifdef DEBUG_TELEMETRY
  Serial.print("PayloadAdd uint-payloadLength:");
  Serial.print(payloadLength);
  Serial.println( );
#endif
}

void PayloadReset()
{
  byte fromAddressLength = payload[0] &amp; 0xf ;
  byte toAddressLength = payload[0] &gt;&gt; 4 ;
  
  payloadLength = toAddressLength + fromAddressLength + 1;
}

void DisplayHex( byte *byteArray, byte length) 
{
  for (int i = 0; i < length ; i++)
  {
    // Add a leading zero
    if ( byteArray[i] < 16)
    {
      Serial.print("0");
    }
    Serial.print(byteArray[i], HEX);
    if ( i < (length-1)) // Don't put a - after last digit
    {
      Serial.print("-");
    }
  }
}

The code is available on GitHub.

20:45:38.021 -> Setup called
20:45:38.054 -> Field gateway:LoRaIoT1 Frequency:915000000MHz SyncWord:18
20:45:38.156 -> SNo:01-23-8C-48-D6-D1-F5-86-EE
20:45:38.190 -> LoRa setup start
20:45:38.190 -> LoRa Setup done.
20:45:38.224 -> HM3301 setup start
20:45:38.292 -> HM3301 setup done
20:45:38.292 -> Setup done
20:45:38.292 -> 
20:45:38.325 -> Loop called
20:45:38.325 -> PM1.5: 10ug/m3 
20:45:38.359 -> PM2.5: 14ug/m3 
20:45:38.359 -> PM10.0: 19ug/m3 
20:45:38.393 -> Loop done
20:45:38.393 -> 
20:46:38.220 -> Loop called
20:46:38.220 -> PM1.5: 10ug/m3 
20:46:38.255 -> PM2.5: 15ug/m3 
20:46:38.255 -> PM10.0: 20ug/m3 
20:46:38.325 -> Loop done
20:46:38.325 -> 
20:47:38.181 -> Loop called
20:47:38.181 -> PM1.5: 10ug/m3 
20:47:38.181 -> PM2.5: 14ug/m3 
20:47:38.216 -> PM10.0: 19ug/m3 
20:47:38.250 -> Loop done
20:47:38.284 -> 
20:48:38.123 -> Loop called
20:48:38.123 -> PM1.5: 10ug/m3 
20:48:38.158 -> PM2.5: 14ug/m3 
20:48:38.158 -> PM10.0: 19ug/m3 
20:48:38.193 -> Loop done
20:48:38.227 -> 
20:49:38.048 -> Loop called
20:49:38.082 -> PM1.5: 10ug/m3 
20:49:38.082 -> PM2.5: 14ug/m3 
20:49:38.117 -> PM10.0: 19ug/m3 
20:49:38.151 -> Loop done
20:49:38.151 -> 
20:50:38.010 -> Loop called
20:50:38.010 -> PM1.5: 9ug/m3 
20:50:38.010 -> PM2.5: 13ug/m3 
20:50:38.045 -> PM10.0: 18ug/m3 
20:50:38.079 -> Loop done
20:50:38.079 ->

To configure the device in Azure IoT Central (similar process for Adafruit.IO, working on support for losant, ubidots and MyDevices) I copied the SNo: from the Arduino development tool logging window and appended p10 for PM 1 value, p25 for PM2.5 value and p100 for PM10 value to the unique serial number from the ATSHA204A chip. (N.B. pay attention to the case of the field names they are case sensitive)

Azure IoT Central telemetry configuration

The rapidly settled into a narrow range of readings, but spiked when I took left it outside (winter in New Zealand) and the values spiked when food was being cooked in the kitchen which is next door to my office.

It would be good to run the sensor alongside a professional particulates monitor so the values could be compared and used to adjust the readings of the Grove sensor if necessary.

Hour of PM1, PM2.5 & PM10 readings in my office early evening

CO2 and particulates values while outside on my deck from 10:30pm to 11:30pm

Bill of materials (prices as at August 2019)

Seeeduino Nano USD6.90
Grove – Laser PM2.5 Sensor (HM3301) USD29.90
EasySensors Arduino Nano radio shield RFM95 USD15.00

Grove – Carbon Dioxide Sensor(SCD30) trial

Posted on August 14, 2019 by devmobilenz

In preparation for another student project to monitor the temperature, humidity and CO2 levels in a number of classrooms I purchased a couple of Grove – CO2, Temperature & Humidity Sensors (SCD30) for evaluation.

Seeeduino, Grove SCD30 and easysensors shield

Seeeduino Nano devices have a single on-board I2C socket which meant I didn’t need a Grove Shield for Arduino Nano which reduced the size and cost of the sensor node.

I downloaded the seeedstudio wiki example calibration code, compiled and uploaded it to one of my Seeeduino Nano devices. When activated for the first time a period of minimum 7 days is needed so that the sensor algorithm can find its initial parameter set. During this period the sensor has to be exposed to fresh air for at least 1 hour every day.

During the calibration process I put the device in my garage and left the big door open for at least an hour every day. Once the sensor was calibrated I bought it inside at put it on the bookcase in my office.

I modified my Easy Sensors Arduino Nano Radio Shield RFM69/95 Payload Addressing client to use the sensor.

/*
  Copyright ® 2019 August devMobile Software, All Rights Reserved

  THIS CODE AND INFORMATION IS PROVIDED "AS IS" WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY
  KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE
  IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND/OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
  PURPOSE.

  You can do what you want with this code, acknowledgment would be nice.

  http://www.devmobile.co.nz

*/
#include <stdlib.h&gt;
#include <LoRa.h&gt;
#include <sha204_library.h&gt;
#include "SCD30.h"

//#define DEBUG
//#define DEBUG_TELEMETRY
//#define DEBUG_LORA

// LoRa field gateway configuration (these settings must match your field gateway)
const byte DeviceAddressMaximumLength = 15 ;
const char FieldGatewayAddress[] = {"LoRaIoT1"};
const float FieldGatewayFrequency =  915000000.0;
const byte FieldGatewaySyncWord = 0x12 ;

// Payload configuration
const int ChipSelectPin = 10;
const int ResetPin = 9;
const int InterruptPin = 2;

// LoRa radio payload configuration
const byte SensorIdValueSeperator = ' ' ;
const byte SensorReadingSeperator = ',' ;
const unsigned long SensorUploadDelay = 300000;

// ATSHA204 secure authentication, validation with crypto and hashing (currently only using for unique serial number)
const byte Atsha204Port = A3;
atsha204Class sha204(Atsha204Port);
const byte DeviceSerialNumberLength = 9 ;
byte deviceSerialNumber[DeviceSerialNumberLength] = {""};

const byte PayloadSizeMaximum = 64 ;
byte payload[PayloadSizeMaximum];
byte payloadLength = 0 ;


void setup()
{
  Serial.begin(9600);

#ifdef DEBUG
  while (!Serial);
#endif
 
  Serial.println("Setup called");

  Serial.print("Field gateway:");
  Serial.print(FieldGatewayAddress ) ;
  Serial.print(" Frequency:");
  Serial.print( FieldGatewayFrequency,0 ) ;
  Serial.print("MHz SyncWord:");
  Serial.print( FieldGatewaySyncWord ) ;
  Serial.println();
  
   // Retrieve the serial number then display it nicely
  if(sha204.getSerialNumber(deviceSerialNumber))
  {
    Serial.println("sha204.getSerialNumber failed");
    while (true); // Drop into endless loop requiring restart
  }

  Serial.print("SNo:");
  DisplayHex( deviceSerialNumber, DeviceSerialNumberLength);
  Serial.println();

  Serial.println("LoRa setup start");

  // override the default chip select and reset pins
  LoRa.setPins(ChipSelectPin, ResetPin, InterruptPin);
  if (!LoRa.begin(FieldGatewayFrequency))
  {
    Serial.println("LoRa begin failed");
    while (true); // Drop into endless loop requiring restart
  }

  // Need to do this so field gateway pays attention to messsages from this device
  LoRa.enableCrc();
  LoRa.setSyncWord(FieldGatewaySyncWord);

#ifdef DEBUG_LORA
  LoRa.dumpRegisters(Serial);
#endif
  Serial.println("LoRa Setup done.");

  // Configure the Seeedstudio CO2, temperature &amp; humidity sensor
  Serial.println("SCD30 setup start");
  Wire.begin();
  scd30.initialize();  
  delay(100);
  Serial.println("SCD30 setup done");

  PayloadHeader((byte *)FieldGatewayAddress,strlen(FieldGatewayAddress), deviceSerialNumber, DeviceSerialNumberLength);

  Serial.println("Setup done");
  Serial.println();
}

void loop()
{
  unsigned long currentMilliseconds = millis();  
  float temperature ;
  float humidity ;
  float co2;

  Serial.println("Loop called");

  if(scd30.isAvailable())
  {
    float result[3] = {0};
    PayloadReset();

    // Read the CO2, temperature &amp; humidity values then display nicely
    scd30.getCarbonDioxideConcentration(result);

    co2 = result[0];
    Serial.print("C:");
    Serial.print(co2, 1) ;
    Serial.println("ppm ") ;

    PayloadAdd( "C", co2, 1, false);
    
    temperature = result[1];
    Serial.print("T:");
    Serial.print(temperature, 1) ;
    Serial.println("C ") ;

    PayloadAdd( "T", temperature, 1, false);

    humidity = result[2];
    Serial.print("H:" );
    Serial.print(humidity, 0) ;
    Serial.println("% ") ;

    PayloadAdd( "H", humidity, 0, true) ;

    #ifdef DEBUG_TELEMETRY
      Serial.println();
      Serial.print("RFM9X/SX127X Payload length:");
      Serial.print(payloadLength);
      Serial.println(" bytes");
    #endif

    LoRa.beginPacket();
    LoRa.write(payload, payloadLength);
    LoRa.endPacket();
  }
  Serial.println("Loop done");
  Serial.println();
  
  delay(SensorUploadDelay - (millis() - currentMilliseconds ));
}
...
}

The code is available on GitHub.

20:38:56.746 -> Setup called
20:38:56.746 -> Field gateway: Frequency:915000000MHz SyncWord:18
20:38:56.849 -> SNo:01-23-39-BD-D6-D1-F5-86-EE
20:38:56.884 -> LoRa setup start
20:38:56.919 -> LoRa Setup done.
20:38:56.919 -> SCD30 setup start
20:38:56.986 -> SCD30 setup done
20:38:56.986 -> Setup done
20:38:57.020 -> 
20:39:06.966 -> Received packet
20:39:06.966 -> Packet size:18
20:39:06.999 -> To len:9
20:39:06.999 -> From len:8
20:39:06.999 -> To:01-23-39-BD-D6-D1-F5-86-EE
20:39:07.034 -> From:4C-6F-52-61-49-6F-54-31
20:39:07.069 -> FieldGateway:4C-6F-52-61-49-6F-54-31
20:39:07.104 -> RSSI -55
20:39:07.139 -> Loop called
20:39:07.139 -> C:730.8ppm 
20:39:07.139 -> T:23.1C 
20:39:07.173 -> H:46% 
20:39:07.173 -> Loop done
20:39:07.208 -> 
20:39:37.123 -> Loop called
20:39:37.158 -> C:529.9ppm 
20:39:37.158 -> T:23.2C 
20:39:37.158 -> H:48% 
20:39:37.228 -> Loop done
20:39:37.228 ->

To configure the device in Azure IoT Central (similar process for Adafruit.IO, working on support for losant, ubidots and MyDevices) I copied the SNo: from the Arduino development tool logging window and appended c for the CO2 parts per million (ppm), h for the humidity % and t for the temperature °C to the unique serial number from the ATSHA204A chip. (N.B. pay attention to the case of the field names they are case sensitive)

Overall the performance of the sensor is looking pretty positive, the CO2 levels fluctuate in a acceptable range (based on office occupancy), and the temperature + humidity readings track quite closely to the other two sensor nodes in my office. The only issue so far is my lack of USB-C cables to power the devices in the field

CO2, Humidity and Temperature in my office for a day

Bill of materials (prices as at August 2019)

Seeeduino Nano USD6.90
Grove – CO2, Humidity & Temperature Sensor(SCD30) USD59.95
EasySensors Arduino Nano radio shield RFM95 USD15.00

RFM69 hat library Part12A

Posted on July 14, 2019 by devmobilenz

Enums and Masks

Based on the approach I used in my RFM9X library this refactor adds enumerations and constants for initialising and then accessing the registers of the RFM69CW/RFM69HCW module (based on the Semtech SX1231/SX1231H) .

There is now a even less code in the Run method in the startup.cs file and the code for configuring the RFM69 is more obvious

public sealed class StartupTask : IBackgroundTask
{
	private const int ResetPin = 25;
	private const int InterruptPin = 22;
	private Rfm69HcwDevice rfm69Device = new Rfm69HcwDevice(ChipSelectPin.CS1, ResetPin, InterruptPin);

	public void Run(IBackgroundTaskInstance taskInstance)
	{
		byte[] syncValues ={0xAA, 0x2D, 0xD4};

		rfm69Device.Initialise(Rfm69HcwDevice.RegOpModeMode.StandBy,
			bitRate: Rfm69HcwDevice.BitRate.bps4K8,
			frequency: 915000000.0, frequencyDeviation: 0X023d,
			dccFrequency: 0x1,rxBwMant: Rfm69HcwDevice.RxBwMant.RxBwMant20, RxBwExp:0x2,
			preambleSize: 16,
			syncSize: 3,
			syncValues: syncValues,
			packetFormat: Rfm69HcwDevice.RegPacketConfig1PacketFormat.VariableLength,
			packetCrc:true
		);

	// RegDioMapping1
	rfm69Device.RegisterManager.WriteByte(0x26, 0x01);

	rfm69Device.RegisterDump();

	while (true)
	{
		byte[] messageBuffer = UTF8Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes("hello world " + DateTime.Now.ToLongTimeString());

		rfm69Device.SendMessage(messageBuffer);

		Debug.WriteLine("{0:HH:mm:ss.fff} Send-Done", DateTime.Now);

		Task.Delay(5000).Wait();
	}
}

The Rasmitic library modifies a number of the default settings (e.g. RegRxBw register) so I had to reverse engineer the values. I also added SendMessage methods for both addressed and un-addressed messages.

Register dump
Register 0x01 - Value 0X04 - Bits 00000100
Register 0x02 - Value 0X00 - Bits 00000000
Register 0x03 - Value 0X1a - Bits 00011010
…
Register 0x4b - Value 0X00 - Bits 00000000
Register 0x4c - Value 0X00 - Bits 00000000
Register 0x4d - Value 0X00 - Bits 00000000
16:52:38.337 Send-Done
16:52:38.456 RegIrqFlags 00001000
16:52:38.472 Transmit-Done
The thread 0xfe4 has exited with code 0 (0x0).
The thread 0x100 has exited with code 0 (0x0).
16:52:43.391 Send-Done
16:52:43.465 RegIrqFlags 00001000
16:52:43.480 Transmit-Done
The thread 0xb94 has exited with code 0 (0x0).
16:52:48.475 Send-Done
16:52:48.550 RegIrqFlags 00001000
16:52:48.563 Transmit-Done
16:52:53.448 RegIrqFlags 01000110
16:52:53 Received 13 byte message Hello world:0
The thread 0x2b4 has exited with code 0 (0x0).
16:52:53.559 Send-Done
16:52:53.633 RegIrqFlags 00001000
16:52:53.648 Transmit-Done
16:52:54.577 RegIrqFlags 01000110
16:52:54 Received 13 byte message Hello world:1
16:52:55.706 RegIrqFlags 01000110
16:52:55 Received 13 byte message Hello world:2
16:52:56.836 RegIrqFlags 01000110
16:52:56 Received 13 byte message Hello world:3
16:52:57.965 RegIrqFlags 01000110
16:52:57 Received 13 byte message Hello world:4
The thread 0x354 has exited with code 0 (0x0).
16:52:58.634 Send-Done
16:52:58.709 RegIrqFlags 00001000
16:52:58.724 Transmit-Done
16:52:59.095 RegIrqFlags 01000110
16:52:59 Received 13 byte message Hello world:5
The program '[3736] backgroundTaskHost.exe' has exited with code -1

The Arduino code works though I need modify it so I can do more testing of the initialise method parameter options.

16:41:03.619 -> RX start
16:41:03.619 -> 0x0: 0x0
16:41:03.654 -> 0x1: 0x10
16:41:03.654 -> 0x2: 0x0
…
16:41:04.310 -> 0x3B: 0x0
16:41:04.310 -> 0x3C: 0x1
16:41:04.344 -> 0x3D: 0x0
16:41:07.228 -> MessageIn:hello world 4:41:07 PM
16:41:12.322 -> MessageIn:hello world 4:41:12 PM
16:41:17.395 -> MessageIn:hello world 4:41:17 PM
16:41:22.448 -> MessageIn:hello world 4:41:22 PM
16:41:27.533 -> MessageIn:hello world 4:41:27 PM
16:41:32.609 -> MessageIn:hello world 4:41:32 PM
16:41:37.673 -> MessageIn:hello world 4:41:37 PM

The Initialise method has a large number of parameters but as most of these have a reasonable default I’m not to concerned.

public void Initialise(RegOpModeMode modeAfterInitialise,
			BitRate bitRate = BitRateDefault,
			ushort frequencyDeviation = frequencyDeviationDefault,
			double frequency = FrequencyDefault,
			ListenModeIdleResolution listenModeIdleResolution = ListenModeIdleResolutionDefault, ListenModeRXTime listenModeRXTime = ListenModeRXTimeDefault, ListenModeCrieria listenModeCrieria = ListenModeCrieriaDefault, ListenModeEnd listenModeEnd = ListenModeEndDefault,
			byte listenCoefficientIdle = ListenCoefficientIdleDefault,
			byte listenCoefficientReceive = ListenCoefficientReceiveDefault,
			bool pa0On = pa0OnDefault, bool pa1On = pa1OnDefaut, bool pa2On = pa2OnDefault, byte outputpower = OutputpowerDefault,
			PaRamp paRamp = PaRampDefault,
			bool ocpOn = OcpOnDefault, byte ocpTrim = OcpTrimDefault,
			LnaZin lnaZin = LnaZinDefault, LnaCurrentGain lnaCurrentGain = LnaCurrentGainDefault, LnaGainSelect lnaGainSelect = LnaGainSelectDefault,
			byte dccFrequency = DccFrequencyDefault, RxBwMant rxBwMant = RxBwMantDefault, byte RxBwExp = RxBwExpDefault,
			byte dccFreqAfc = DccFreqAfcDefault, byte rxBwMantAfc = RxBwMantAfcDefault, byte bxBwExpAfc = RxBwExpAfcDefault,
			ushort preambleSize = PreambleSizeDefault,
			bool syncOn = SyncOnDefault, SyncFifoFileCondition syncFifoFileCondition = SyncFifoFileConditionDefault, byte syncSize = SyncSizeDefault, byte syncTolerance = SyncToleranceDefault, byte[] syncValues = null,
			RegPacketConfig1PacketFormat packetFormat = RegPacketConfig1PacketFormat.FixedLength,
			RegPacketConfig1DcFree packetDcFree = RegPacketConfig1DcFreeDefault,
			bool packetCrc = PacketCrcOnDefault,
			bool packetCrcAutoClearOff = PacketCrcAutoClearOffDefault,
			RegPacketConfig1CrcAddressFiltering packetAddressFiltering = PacketAddressFilteringDefault,
			byte payloadLength = PayloadLengthDefault,
			byte addressNode = NodeAddressDefault, byte addressbroadcast = BroadcastAddressDefault
			)
		{
			RegOpModeModeCurrent = modeAfterInitialise;
			PacketFormat = packetFormat;

			// Strobe Reset pin briefly to factory reset SX1231 chip
			ResetGpioPin.Write(GpioPinValue.High);
			Task.Delay(100);
			ResetGpioPin.Write(GpioPinValue.Low);
			Task.Delay(10);

			// Put the device into sleep mode so registers can be changed
			SetMode(RegOpModeMode.Sleep);

Most of the initialise method follows a similar pattern, checking parameters associated with a Register and only setting it if the cvalues are not all the default

// Configure RF Carrier frequency RegFrMsb, RegFrMid, RegFrLsb
if (frequency != FrequencyDefault)
{
	byte[] bytes = BitConverter.GetBytes((long)(frequency / RH_RFM69HCW_FSTEP));
	RegisterManager.WriteByte((byte)Registers.RegFrfMsb, bytes[2]);
	RegisterManager.WriteByte((byte)Registers.RegFrfMid, bytes[1]);
	RegisterManager.WriteByte((byte)Registers.RegFrfLsb, bytes[0]);
}

Some registers are a bit more complex to configure e.g. RegSyncConfig

// RegSyncConfig
if ((syncOn != SyncOnDefault) ||
	 (syncFifoFileCondition != SyncFifoFileConditionDefault) ||
	 (syncSize != SyncSizeDefault) ||
	 (syncTolerance != SyncToleranceDefault))
{
	byte regSyncConfigValue= 0b00000000;

	if (syncOn)
	{
		regSyncConfigValue |= 0b10000000;
	}
	
	regSyncConfigValue |= (byte)syncFifoFileCondition;

	regSyncConfigValue |= (byte)((syncSize - 1) << 3);
	regSyncConfigValue |= (byte)syncTolerance;
	RegisterManager.WriteByte((byte)Registers.RegSyncConfig, regSyncConfigValue);
}

I have just got to finish the code for RegFifoThresh, RegPacketConfig2 and the RegAesKey1-16 registers.

Other libraries for the RRFM69 support changing configuration while the application is running which significantly increases the complexity and number of test cases. My initial version will only support configuration on start-up.

RFM69 hat library Part11

Posted on July 10, 2019 by devmobilenz

RegisterManager Refactor

I had been meaning to refactor the code for accessing the registers of the RFM69CW/RFM69HCW module (based on the Semtech SX1231/SX1231H) registers for a while.

There is now a lot less code in the startup.cs file and the code for configuring the RFM69 is more obvious

/*
    Copyright ® 2019 July devMobile Software, All Rights Reserved

	 MIT License

	 Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
	 of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
    in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
	 to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
	 copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
    furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:

    The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
	 copies or substantial portions of the Software.

    THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
	 IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
    FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
	 AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
	 LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
    OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
	 SOFTWARE

 */
namespace devMobile.IoT.Rfm69Hcw.RefactorRegisterManager
{
	using System;
	using System.Diagnostics;
	using System.Text;
	using System.Threading.Tasks;
	using Windows.ApplicationModel.Background;
	using Windows.Devices.Gpio;

	sealed class Rfm69HcwDevice
	{
		private GpioPin InterruptGpioPin = null;
		public RegisterManager RegisterManager = null; // Future refactor this will be made private

		public Rfm69HcwDevice(ChipSelectPin chipSelectPin, int resetPin, int interruptPin)
		{
			RegisterManager = new RegisterManager(chipSelectPin);

			// Factory reset pin configuration
			GpioController gpioController = GpioController.GetDefault();
			GpioPin resetGpioPin = gpioController.OpenPin(resetPin);
			resetGpioPin.SetDriveMode(GpioPinDriveMode.Output);
			resetGpioPin.Write(GpioPinValue.High);
			Task.Delay(100);
			resetGpioPin.Write(GpioPinValue.Low);
			Task.Delay(10);

			// Interrupt pin for RX message &amp; TX done notification 
			InterruptGpioPin = gpioController.OpenPin(interruptPin);
			resetGpioPin.SetDriveMode(GpioPinDriveMode.Input);

			InterruptGpioPin.ValueChanged += InterruptGpioPin_ValueChanged;
		}

		private void InterruptGpioPin_ValueChanged(GpioPin sender, GpioPinValueChangedEventArgs args)
		{
			if (args.Edge != GpioPinEdge.RisingEdge)
			{
				return;
			}

			byte irqFlags = RegisterManager.ReadByte(0x28); // RegIrqFlags2
			Debug.WriteLine("{0:HH:mm:ss.fff} RegIrqFlags {1}", DateTime.Now, Convert.ToString((byte)irqFlags, 2).PadLeft(8, '0'));
			if ((irqFlags &amp; 0b00000100) == 0b00000100)  // PayLoadReady set
			{
				// Read the length of the buffer
				byte numberOfBytes = RegisterManager.ReadByte(0x0);

				// Allocate buffer for message
				byte[] messageBytes = new byte[numberOfBytes];

				for (int i = 0; i < numberOfBytes; i++)
				{
					messageBytes[i] = RegisterManager.ReadByte(0x00); // RegFifo
				}

				string messageText = UTF8Encoding.UTF8.GetString(messageBytes);
				Debug.WriteLine("{0:HH:mm:ss} Received {1} byte message {2}", DateTime.Now, messageBytes.Length, messageText);
			}

			if ((irqFlags &amp; 0b00001000) == 0b00001000)  // PacketSent set
			{
				RegisterManager.WriteByte(0x01, 0b00010000); // RegOpMode set ReceiveMode
				Debug.WriteLine("{0:HH:mm:ss.fff} Transmit-Done", DateTime.Now);
			}
		}

		public void RegisterDump()
		{
			RegisterManager.Dump(0x0, 0x40);
		}
	}
	

	public sealed class StartupTask : IBackgroundTask
	{
		private const int ResetPin = 25;
		private const int InterruptPin = 22;
		private Rfm69HcwDevice rfm69Device = new Rfm69HcwDevice(ChipSelectPin.CS1, ResetPin, InterruptPin);

		const double RH_RF6M9HCW_FXOSC = 32000000.0;
		const double RH_RFM69HCW_FSTEP = RH_RF6M9HCW_FXOSC / 524288.0;

		public void Run(IBackgroundTaskInstance taskInstance)
		{
			//rfm69Device.RegisterDump();

			// regOpMode standby
			rfm69Device.RegisterManager.WriteByte(0x01, 0b00000100);

			// BitRate MSB/LSB
			rfm69Device.RegisterManager.WriteByte(0x03, 0x34);
			rfm69Device.RegisterManager.WriteByte(0x04, 0x00);

			// Frequency deviation
			rfm69Device.RegisterManager.WriteByte(0x05, 0x02);
			rfm69Device.RegisterManager.WriteByte(0x06, 0x3d);

			// Calculate the frequency accoring to the datasheett
			byte[] bytes = BitConverter.GetBytes((uint)(915000000.0 / RH_RFM69HCW_FSTEP));
			Debug.WriteLine("Byte Hex 0x{0:x2} 0x{1:x2} 0x{2:x2} 0x{3:x2}", bytes[0], bytes[1], bytes[2], bytes[3]);
			rfm69Device.RegisterManager.WriteByte(0x07, bytes[2]);
			rfm69Device.RegisterManager.WriteByte(0x08, bytes[1]);
			rfm69Device.RegisterManager.WriteByte(0x09, bytes[0]);

			// RegRxBW
			rfm69Device.RegisterManager.WriteByte(0x19, 0x2a);

			// RegDioMapping1
			rfm69Device.RegisterManager.WriteByte(0x26, 0x01);

			// Setup preamble length to 16 (default is 3) RegPreambleMsb RegPreambleLsb
			rfm69Device.RegisterManager.WriteByte(0x2C, 0x0);
			rfm69Device.RegisterManager.WriteByte(0x2D, 0x10);

			// RegSyncConfig Set the Sync length and byte values SyncOn + 3 custom sync bytes
			rfm69Device.RegisterManager.WriteByte(0x2e, 0x90);

			// RegSyncValues1 thru RegSyncValues3
			rfm69Device.RegisterManager.WriteByte(0x2f, 0xAA);
			rfm69Device.RegisterManager.WriteByte(0x30, 0x2D);
			rfm69Device.RegisterManager.WriteByte(0x31, 0xD4);

			// RegPacketConfig1 Variable length with CRC on
			rfm69Device.RegisterManager.WriteByte(0x37, 0x90);

			rfm69Device.RegisterDump();

			while (true)
			{
				// Standby mode while loading message into FIFO
				rfm69Device.RegisterManager.WriteByte(0x01, 0b00000100);

				byte[] messageBuffer = UTF8Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes("hello world " + DateTime.Now.ToLongTimeString());
				rfm69Device.RegisterManager.WriteByte(0x0, (byte)messageBuffer.Length);
				rfm69Device.RegisterManager.Write(0x0, messageBuffer);

				// Transmit mode once FIFO loaded
				rfm69Device.RegisterManager.WriteByte(0x01, 0b00001100);

				Debug.WriteLine("{0:HH:mm:ss.fff} Send-Done", DateTime.Now);

				Task.Delay(5000).Wait();
			}
		}
	}
}

I’ll modify the constructor reset pin support to see if I can get the Seegel Systeme hat working.

Register dump
Register 0x00 - Value 0X00 - Bits 00000000
Register 0x01 - Value 0X04 - Bits 00000100
Register 0x02 - Value 0X00 - Bits 00000000
Register 0x03 - Value 0X34 - Bits 00110100
…
Register 0x3e - Value 0X00 - Bits 00000000
Register 0x3f - Value 0X00 - Bits 00000000
Register 0x40 - Value 0X00 - Bits 00000000
19:58:52.828 Send-Done
19:58:53.022 RegIrqFlags 00001000
19:58:53.036 Transmit-Done
19:58:54.188 RegIrqFlags 01000110
19:58:54 Received 14 byte message Hello world:1
The thread 0xa10 has exited with code 0 (0x0).
The thread 0xf90 has exited with code 0 (0x0).
19:58:57.652 RegIrqFlags 01000110
19:58:57 Received 14 byte message Hello world:2
19:58:57.892 Send-Done
19:58:58.039 RegIrqFlags 00001000
19:58:58.053 Transmit-Done
19:59:01.115 RegIrqFlags 01000110
19:59:01 Received 14 byte message Hello world:3
19:59:02.936 Send-Done
19:59:03.083 RegIrqFlags 00001000
19:59:03.096 Transmit-Done
19:59:04.577 RegIrqFlags 01000110
19:59:04 Received 14 byte message Hello world:4
The thread 0xa5c has exited with code 0 (0x0).
19:59:08.001 Send-Done
19:59:08.122 RegIrqFlags 01001000
19:59:08.139 Transmit-Done
19:59:11.504 RegIrqFlags 01000110
19:59:11 Received 14 byte message Hello world:6
The thread 0xb18 has exited with code 0 (0x0).
19:59:13.079 Send-Done
19:59:13.226 RegIrqFlags 00001000
19:59:13.240 Transmit-Done
19:59:14.966 RegIrqFlags 01000110
19:59:14 Received 14 byte message Hello world:7

Based how my rate of progress improved when I did this on the RFM9X library I really should have done this much earlier.

devMobile's blog

Random wanderings through Windows 10 Iot Core, Azure and the .Net Micro Framework

Category Archives: IoT

iwanders/plainRFM69 revisited

Grove-VOC and eCO2 Gas Sensor (SGP30)

DF Robot Temperature & Humidity Sensor(SHT20) trial

Grove – Laser PM2.5 Sensor(HM3301) trial

Grove – Carbon Dioxide Sensor(SCD30) trial

RFM69 hat library Part12A

RFM69 hat library Part11