Monthly Archives: June 2019

RFM69 hat library Part3

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Initially I tried to used the RegisterManager code from my RFM9XIoTCore library but will have to make some modifications to cope with the different Reset pin timings for the RFM69HCW device and the Reset pin not being connected on the Seegle Systeme RaspyFRM.

When I first ran the test harness I found the 3 frequency registers (RegFrfMsb, RegFrfMid, RegFrfLsb) were not getting set as I expected.

RFM69HCW reset timing diagram

After re-reading the RFM69HCW datasheet I noticed “should be pulled low for a hundred microseconds”, whereas the RFM95 datasheet had “should be pulled high for a hundred microseconds”.

RFM9X Reset timing diagram

After updating the reset GPIO pin code I could successfully set the frequency to 868MHz and then read it back

Register dump
Register 0x00 - Value 0X00 - Bits 00000000
Register 0x01 - Value 0X04 - Bits 00000100
Register 0x02 - Value 0X00 - Bits 00000000
Register 0x03 - Value 0X1a - Bits 00011010
Register 0x04 - Value 0X0b - Bits 00001011
Register 0x05 - Value 0X00 - Bits 00000000
Register 0x06 - Value 0X52 - Bits 01010010
Register 0x07 - Value 0Xe4 - Bits 11100100
Register 0x08 - Value 0Xc0 - Bits 11000000
Register 0x09 - Value 0X00 - Bits 00000000
Register 0x0a - Value 0X41 - Bits 01000001
Register 0x0b - Value 0X40 - Bits 01000000
Register 0x0c - Value 0X02 - Bits 00000010
Register 0x0d - Value 0X92 - Bits 10010010
Register 0x0e - Value 0Xf5 - Bits 11110101
Register 0x0f - Value 0X20 - Bits 00100000
Register 0x10 - Value 0X24 - Bits 00100100
Register 0x11 - Value 0X9f - Bits 10011111
Register 0x12 - Value 0X09 - Bits 00001001
Register 0x13 - Value 0X1a - Bits 00011010
Register 0x14 - Value 0X40 - Bits 01000000
Register 0x15 - Value 0Xb0 - Bits 10110000
Register 0x16 - Value 0X7b - Bits 01111011
Register 0x17 - Value 0X9b - Bits 10011011
Register 0x18 - Value 0X08 - Bits 00001000
Register 0x19 - Value 0X86 - Bits 10000110
Register 0x1a - Value 0X8a - Bits 10001010
Register 0x1b - Value 0X40 - Bits 01000000
Register 0x1c - Value 0X80 - Bits 10000000
Register 0x1d - Value 0X06 - Bits 00000110
Register 0x1e - Value 0X10 - Bits 00010000
Register 0x1f - Value 0X00 - Bits 00000000
Register 0x20 - Value 0X00 - Bits 00000000
Register 0x21 - Value 0X00 - Bits 00000000
Register 0x22 - Value 0X00 - Bits 00000000
Register 0x23 - Value 0X02 - Bits 00000010
Register 0x24 - Value 0Xff - Bits 11111111
Register 0x25 - Value 0X00 - Bits 00000000
Register 0x26 - Value 0X05 - Bits 00000101
Register 0x27 - Value 0X80 - Bits 10000000
Register 0x28 - Value 0X00 - Bits 00000000
Register 0x29 - Value 0Xff - Bits 11111111
Register 0x2a - Value 0X00 - Bits 00000000
Register 0x2b - Value 0X00 - Bits 00000000
Register 0x2c - Value 0X00 - Bits 00000000
Register 0x2d - Value 0X03 - Bits 00000011
Register 0x2e - Value 0X98 - Bits 10011000
Register 0x2f - Value 0X00 - Bits 00000000
Register 0x30 - Value 0X00 - Bits 00000000
Register 0x31 - Value 0X00 - Bits 00000000
Register 0x32 - Value 0X00 - Bits 00000000
Register 0x33 - Value 0X00 - Bits 00000000
Register 0x34 - Value 0X00 - Bits 00000000
Register 0x35 - Value 0X00 - Bits 00000000
Register 0x36 - Value 0X00 - Bits 00000000
Register 0x37 - Value 0X10 - Bits 00010000
Register 0x38 - Value 0X40 - Bits 01000000
Register 0x39 - Value 0X00 - Bits 00000000
Register 0x3a - Value 0X00 - Bits 00000000
Register 0x3b - Value 0X00 - Bits 00000000
Register 0x3c - Value 0X0f - Bits 00001111
Register 0x3d - Value 0X02 - Bits 00000010
Read RegOpMode (read byte)
Reg OpMode 0x04
Byte Hex 0x00 0x00 0xd9 0x00
Register dump
Register 0x00 - Value 0X00 - Bits 00000000
Register 0x01 - Value 0X04 - Bits 00000100
Register 0x02 - Value 0X00 - Bits 00000000
Register 0x03 - Value 0X1a - Bits 00011010
Register 0x04 - Value 0X0b - Bits 00001011
Register 0x05 - Value 0X00 - Bits 00000000
Register 0x06 - Value 0X52 - Bits 01010010
Register 0x07 - Value 0Xd9 - Bits 11011001
Register 0x08 - Value 0X00 - Bits 00000000
Register 0x09 - Value 0X00 - Bits 00000000
Register 0x0a - Value 0X41 - Bits 01000001
Register 0x0b - Value 0X40 - Bits 01000000
Register 0x0c - Value 0X02 - Bits 00000010
Register 0x0d - Value 0X92 - Bits 10010010
Register 0x0e - Value 0Xf5 - Bits 11110101
Register 0x0f - Value 0X20 - Bits 00100000
Register 0x10 - Value 0X24 - Bits 00100100
Register 0x11 - Value 0X9f - Bits 10011111
Register 0x12 - Value 0X09 - Bits 00001001
Register 0x13 - Value 0X1a - Bits 00011010
Register 0x14 - Value 0X40 - Bits 01000000
Register 0x15 - Value 0Xb0 - Bits 10110000
Register 0x16 - Value 0X7b - Bits 01111011
Register 0x17 - Value 0X9b - Bits 10011011
Register 0x18 - Value 0X08 - Bits 00001000
Register 0x19 - Value 0X86 - Bits 10000110
Register 0x1a - Value 0X8a - Bits 10001010
Register 0x1b - Value 0X40 - Bits 01000000
Register 0x1c - Value 0X80 - Bits 10000000
Register 0x1d - Value 0X06 - Bits 00000110
Register 0x1e - Value 0X10 - Bits 00010000
Register 0x1f - Value 0X00 - Bits 00000000
Register 0x20 - Value 0X00 - Bits 00000000
Register 0x21 - Value 0X00 - Bits 00000000
Register 0x22 - Value 0X00 - Bits 00000000
Register 0x23 - Value 0X02 - Bits 00000010
Register 0x24 - Value 0Xff - Bits 11111111
Register 0x25 - Value 0X00 - Bits 00000000
Register 0x26 - Value 0X05 - Bits 00000101
Register 0x27 - Value 0X80 - Bits 10000000
Register 0x28 - Value 0X00 - Bits 00000000
Register 0x29 - Value 0Xff - Bits 11111111
Register 0x2a - Value 0X00 - Bits 00000000
Register 0x2b - Value 0X00 - Bits 00000000
Register 0x2c - Value 0X00 - Bits 00000000
Register 0x2d - Value 0X03 - Bits 00000011
Register 0x2e - Value 0X98 - Bits 10011000
Register 0x2f - Value 0X00 - Bits 00000000
Register 0x30 - Value 0X00 - Bits 00000000
Register 0x31 - Value 0X00 - Bits 00000000
Register 0x32 - Value 0X00 - Bits 00000000
Register 0x33 - Value 0X00 - Bits 00000000
Register 0x34 - Value 0X00 - Bits 00000000
Register 0x35 - Value 0X00 - Bits 00000000
Register 0x36 - Value 0X00 - Bits 00000000
Register 0x37 - Value 0X10 - Bits 00010000
Register 0x38 - Value 0X40 - Bits 01000000
Register 0x39 - Value 0X00 - Bits 00000000
Register 0x3a - Value 0X00 - Bits 00000000
Register 0x3b - Value 0X00 - Bits 00000000
Register 0x3c - Value 0X0f - Bits 00001111
Register 0x3d - Value 0X02 - Bits 00000010

The next step is to extract the SPI register access functionality into a module and configure the bare minimum of settings required to get the RFM69 to transmit.

Nexus Analog, GPIO and PWM testing

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Over the weekend I have been testing a beta Ingenuity Micro Nexus device building a series of simple applications to exercise all of the input and output ports.

The device is equipped with 11 x Seeedstudio Grove compatible sockets (2 x UART, 5 x I2C, 3 x ADC, 1 x PWM sockets) which support a wide variety of sensors.

Test cables and devices
Grove Cable Modification with a cross stitch needle

So I could test all the analog port pins I modified a Grove Branch Cable by carefully unplugging the yellow and white branch cables and replacing them with yellow and white (plugged into the yellow connector on both sensor connectors) cables split from a spare Grove Universal Buckled 20cm cable. I used a pair of Grove Rotary Angle Sensors as analog inputs.

public static void Main()
{
	AnalogInput analogSensor1 = new AnalogInput
	(
		Pins.Analog.Socket1Pin1
		//Pins.Analog.Socket2Pin1
		//Pins.Analog.Socket3Pin1
		//Pins.Analog.Socket4Pin1
	);
	AnalogInput analogSensor2 = new AnalogInput
	(
		Pins.Analog.Socket1Pin2
		//Pins.Analog.Socket2Pin2
		//Pins.Analog.Socket3Pin2
		//Pins.Analog.Socket4Pin2
	);

	Debug.Print("Program running");

	while (true)
	{
		double sensorValue1 = analogSensor1.Read();
		double sensorValue2 = analogSensor2.Read();

		Debug.Print("Value 1:" + sensorValue1.ToString("F2") + " Value 2:" + sensorValue2.ToString("F2"));

		Thread.Sleep(500);
	}
}

To speed up testing of the GPIO and PWM ports I modified a Grove Universal Buckled 20cm cable by twisting the white and yellow wires.

I used a pair of Grove illuminated buttons (Red, Yellow or Blue). The button was the digital input, the LED was the digital output. By uncommenting pairs of socket pins I could quickly step through all the ports checking that pressing the button toggled the state of the LED.

public class Program
{
	const Cpu.Pin ButtonLedPin =
		Pins.Gpio.Socket1Pin1;
		//Pins.Gpio.Socket1Pin2;
		//Pins.Gpio.Socket2Pin1;
		//Pins.Gpio.Socket2Pin2;
		//Pins.Gpio.Socket3Pin1;
		//Pins.Gpio.Socket3Pin2;
		//Pins.Gpio.Socket4Pin1;
		//Pins.Gpio.Socket4Pin2;
		//Pins.Gpio.Socket5Pin1;
		//Pins.Gpio.Socket5Pin2;
		//Pins.Gpio.Socket6Pin1;
		//Pins.Gpio.Socket6Pin2;
		//Pins.Gpio.Socket7Pin1;
		//Pins.Gpio.Socket7Pin2;
		//Pins.Gpio.Socket8Pin1;
		//Pins.Gpio.Socket8Pin2;
		//Pins.Gpio.Socket9Pin1;
		//Pins.Gpio.Socket9Pin2;
		//Pins.Gpio.Socket10Pin1;
		//Pins.Gpio.Socket10Pin2;
		//Pins.Gpio.Socket11Pin1;
		//Pins.Gpio.Socket11Pin2;
	const Cpu.Pin ButtonPin =
		//Pins.Gpio.Socket1Pin1;
		Pins.Gpio.Socket1Pin2;
		//Pins.Gpio.Socket2Pin1;
		//Pins.Gpio.Socket2Pin2;
		//Pins.Gpio.Socket3Pin1;
		//Pins.Gpio.Socket3Pin2;
		//Pins.Gpio.Socket4Pin1;
		//Pins.Gpio.Socket4Pin2;
		//Pins.Gpio.Socket5Pin1;
		//Pins.Gpio.Socket5Pin2;
		//Pins.Gpio.Socket6Pin1;
		//Pins.Gpio.Socket6Pin2;
		//Pins.Gpio.Socket7Pin1;
		//Pins.Gpio.Socket7Pin2;
		//Pins.Gpio.Socket8Pin1;
		//Pins.Gpio.Socket8Pin2;
		//Pins.Gpio.Socket9Pin1;
		//Pins.Gpio.Socket9Pin2;
		//Pins.Gpio.Socket10Pin1;
		//Pins.Gpio.Socket10Pin2;
		//Pins.Gpio.Socket11Pin1;
		//Pins.Gpio.Socket11Pin2;
	static OutputPort buttonLed = new OutputPort(ButtonLedPin, false);

	public static void Main()
	{
		InterruptPort button = new InterruptPort(ButtonPin, false, Port.ResistorMode.Disabled, Port.InterruptMode.InterruptEdgeBoth);
		button.OnInterrupt += Button_OnInterrupt;

		Debug.Print("Program running");

		Thread.Sleep(Timeout.Infinite);
	}

	private static void Button_OnInterrupt(uint data1, uint data2, DateTime time)
	{
		Debug.Print(time.ToString("hh:mm:ss") + " Data1:" + data1 + " Data 2:" + data2);

		buttonLed.Write(!buttonLed.Read());
	}

So I could test the PWM port I used a Grove Rotary Angle Sensor plugged into Socket 4 and a Grove LED (Red, Green or Blue) plugged into Socket 6 with a standard cable for pin 1 or my twisted cable for pin 2.

public class Program
{
	public static void Main()
	{
		AnalogInput analogSensor = new AnalogInput(Pins.Analog.Socket4Pin1);

		//const Cpu.PWMChannel LedPin = Pins.Pwm.Socket6Pin1;
		const Cpu.PWMChannel LedPin = Pins.Pwm.Socket6Pin2;
			
		PWM ledDim = new PWM(LedPin, 1000.0, 0.0, false);

		ledDim.Start();
		Debug.Print("Program running");

		while (true)
		{
			double sensorValue = analogSensor.Read();

			Debug.Print(DateTime.Now.ToString("hh:mm:ss") +" Value:" + sensorValue.ToString("F1"));

			ledDim.DutyCycle = sensorValue;

			Thread.Sleep(500);
		}
	}
}

All of the Analog, GPIO & PWM sockets/pins worked as expected, there maybe a couple of extra PWM outputs available on I2C sockets.

Nexus LoRa Radio 915 MHz Payload Addressing client

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This is a demo Ingenuity Micro Nexus client (based on the Netduino example for my RFM9XLoRaNetMF library) that uploads temperature and humidity data to my Azure IoT Hubs/Central or AdaFruit.IO on Raspberry PI field gateways

Bill of materials (Prices June 2019).

// <copyright file="client.cs" company="devMobile Software">
// Copyright ® 2019 Feb devMobile Software, All Rights Reserved
//
//  MIT License
//
//  Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
// of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
// in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
// to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
// copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
// furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
//
// The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
//
// THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
// IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
// FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
// AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
// LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
// OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
// SOFTWARE"
//
// </copyright>
namespace devMobile.IoT.Nexus.FieldGateway
{
	using System;
	using System.Text;
	using System.Threading;
	using Microsoft.SPOT;
	using Microsoft.SPOT.Hardware;

	using devMobile.IoT.NetMF.ISM;
	using devMobile.NetMF.Sensor;
	using IngenuityMicro.Nexus;

	class NexusClient
	{
		private Rfm9XDevice rfm9XDevice;
		private readonly TimeSpan dueTime = new TimeSpan(0, 0, 15);
		private readonly TimeSpan periodTime = new TimeSpan(0, 0, 60);
		private readonly SiliconLabsSI7005 sensor = new SiliconLabsSI7005();
		private readonly Led _led = new Led();
		private readonly byte[] fieldGatewayAddress = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes("LoRaIoT1");
		private readonly byte[] deviceAddress = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes("Nexus915");

		public NexusClient()
		{
			rfm9XDevice = new Rfm9XDevice(SPI.SPI_module.SPI3, (Cpu.Pin)28, (Cpu.Pin)15, (Cpu.Pin)26);
			_led.Set(0, 0, 0);
		}

		public void Run()
		{

			rfm9XDevice.Initialise(frequency: 915000000, paBoost: true, rxPayloadCrcOn: true);
			rfm9XDevice.Receive(deviceAddress);

			rfm9XDevice.OnDataReceived += rfm9XDevice_OnDataReceived;
			rfm9XDevice.OnTransmit += rfm9XDevice_OnTransmit;

			Timer humidityAndtemperatureUpdates = new Timer(HumidityAndTemperatureTimerProc, null, dueTime, periodTime);

			Thread.Sleep(Timeout.Infinite);
		}


		private void HumidityAndTemperatureTimerProc(object state)
		{
			_led.Set(0, 128, 0);

			double humidity = sensor.Humidity();
			double temperature = sensor.Temperature();

			Debug.Print(DateTime.UtcNow.ToString("hh:mm:ss") + " H:" + humidity.ToString("F1") + " T:" + temperature.ToString("F1"));

			rfm9XDevice.Send(fieldGatewayAddress, Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes("t " + temperature.ToString("F1") + ",H " + humidity.ToString("F0")));
		}

		void rfm9XDevice_OnTransmit()
		{
			_led.Set(0, 0, 0);

			Debug.Print("Transmit-Done");
		}

		void rfm9XDevice_OnDataReceived(byte[] address, float packetSnr, int packetRssi, int rssi, byte[] data)
		{
			try
			{
				string messageText = new string(UTF8Encoding.UTF8.GetChars(data));
				string addressText = new string(UTF8Encoding.UTF8.GetChars(address));

				Debug.Print(DateTime.UtcNow.ToString("HH:MM:ss") + "-Rfm9X PacketSnr " + packetSnr.ToString("F1") + " Packet RSSI " + packetRssi + "dBm RSSI " + rssi + "dBm = " + data.Length + " byte message " + @"""" + messageText + @"""");
			}
			catch (Exception ex)
			{
				Debug.Print(ex.Message);
			}
		}
	}
}

Overall the development process was good with no modifications to my RFM9X.NetMF library or SI7005 library (bar removing a Netduino I2C work around) required

Nexus device with Seeedstudio Temperature & Humidity Sensors
Nexus Sensor data in Azure IoT Hub Field Gateway ETW Logging
Nexus temperature & humidity data displayed in Azure IoT Central