Tag Archives: RegDioMapping2

.NET nanoFramework SX127X LoRa library Refactoring

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I had been planning this for a while, then the code broke when I tried to build a version for my SparkFun LoRa Gateway-1-Channel (ESP32). There was a namespace (static configuration class in configuration.cs) collision and the length of SX127XDevice.cs file was getting silly.

This refactor took a couple of days and really changed the structure of the library.

VS2022 Solution structure after refactoring

I went through the SX127XDevice.cs extracting the enumerations, masks and defaults associated with the registers the library supports.


Fork Refactoring Check-ins

The RegOpMode.cs file is a good example…

namespace devMobile.IoT.SX127xLoRaDevice
{
	using System;

	// RegOpMode bit flags from Semtech SX127X Datasheet
	[Flags]
	internal enum RegOpModeModeFlags : byte
	{
		LongRangeModeLoRa = 0b10000000,
		LongRangeModeFskOok = 0b00000000,
		LongRangeModeDefault = LongRangeModeFskOok,
		AcessSharedRegLoRa = 0b00000000,
		AcessSharedRegFsk = 0b01000000,
		AcessSharedRegDefault = AcessSharedRegLoRa,
		LowFrequencyModeOnHighFrequency = 0b00000000,
		LowFrequencyModeOnLowFrequency = 0b00001000,
		LowFrequencyModeOnDefault = LowFrequencyModeOnLowFrequency
	}

	internal enum RegOpModeMode : byte
	{
		Sleep = 0b00000000,
		StandBy = 0b00000001,
		FrequencySynthesisTX = 0b00000010,
		Transmit = 0b00000011,
		FrequencySynthesisRX = 0b00000100,
		ReceiveContinuous = 0b00000101,
		ReceiveSingle = 0b00000110,
		ChannelActivityDetection = 0b00000111,
	};
}

The library is designed to be a approximate .NET nanoFramework equivalent of Arduino-LoRa so it doesn’t support/implement all of the functionality of the Semtech SX127X. Still got a bit of refactoring to go but the structure is slowly improving.

I use Fork to manage my Github repositories, it’s an excellent product especially as it does a pretty good job of keeping me from screwing up.

.NET nanoFramework SX127X LoRa library DIO0,DIO1,DIO2,DIO3,DIO4,DIO5

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All the previous versions of my .NET nanoFramework Semtech SX127X (LoRa® Mode) library only supported a Dio0 (RegDioMapping1 bits 6&7) EventHandler. This version supports mapping Dio0, Dio1, Dio2, Dio3, Dio4 and Dio5.

DIO Mapping in LoRa Mode
RegDioMapping1 & RegDioMapping2 options

The Dragino Arduino Shield featuring LoRa® technology does not have Dio3 and Dio4 connected so I have been unable to test that functionality.

Dragino LoRa Shield Pin Mapping

The SX127XLoRaDeviceClient main now has OnRxTimeout, OnReceive, OnPayloadCrcError, OnValidHeader, OnTransmit, OnChannelActivityDetectionDone, OnFhssChangeChannel, and OnChannelActivityDetected event handlers (Based on RegIrqFlags bit ordering)

static void Main(string[] args)
{
	int sendCount = 0;
...
#if NETDUINO3_WIFI
	// Arduino D10->PB10
	int chipSelectLine = PinNumber('B', 10);
	// Arduino D9->PE5
	int resetPinNumber = PinNumber('E', 5);
	// Arduino D2 -PA3
	int dio0PinNumber = PinNumber('A', 3);
	// Arduino D6 - PB9
	int dio1PinNumber = PinNumber('B', 9);
	// Arduino D7
	int dio2PinNumber = PinNumber('A', 1);
	// Not connected on Dragino LoRa shield
	//int dio3PinNumber = PinNumber('A', 1);
	//  Not connected on Dragino LoRa shield
	//int dio4PinNumber = PinNumber('A', 1);
	// Arduino D8
	int dio5PinNumber = PinNumber('A', 0);
#endif
...
	Console.WriteLine("devMobile.IoT.SX127xLoRaDevice Client starting");

	try
	{
		var settings = new SpiConnectionSettings(SpiBusId, chipSelectLine)
		{
			ClockFrequency = 1000000,
			Mode = SpiMode.Mode0,// From SemTech docs pg 80 CPOL=0, CPHA=0
			SharingMode = SpiSharingMode.Shared
		};

		using (SpiDevice spiDevice = new SpiDevice(settings))
		using (GpioController gpioController = new GpioController())
		{
...
#if NETDUINO3_WIFI || ST_STM32F769I_DISCOVERY
			sx127XDevice = new SX127XDevice(spiDevice, gpioController, dio0Pin:dio0PinNumber, resetPin:resetPinNumber, dio1Pin: dio1PinNumber, dio2Pin: dio2PinNumber);
#endif

			sx127XDevice.Initialise(Frequency
						, lnaGain: Configuration.RegLnaLnaGain.Default
						, lnaBoost: true
						, powerAmplifier: Configuration.RegPAConfigPASelect.PABoost							
						, rxPayloadCrcOn: true
						, rxDoneignoreIfCrcMissing: false
						);

#if DEBUG
			sx127XDevice.RegisterDump();
#endif

			//sx127XDevice.OnRxTimeout += Sx127XDevice_OnRxTimeout;
			sx127XDevice.OnReceive += SX127XDevice_OnReceive;
			//sx127XDevice.OnPayloadCrcError += Sx127XDevice_OnPayloadCrcError;
			//sx127XDevice.OnValidHeader += Sx127XDevice_OnValidHeader;
			sx127XDevice.OnTransmit += SX127XDevice_OnTransmit;
			//sx127XDevice.OnChannelActivityDetectionDone += Sx127XDevice_OnChannelActivityDetectionDone;
			//sx127XDevice.OnFhssChangeChannel += Sx127XDevice_OnFhssChangeChannel;
			//sx127XDevice.OnChannelActivityDetected += SX127XDevice_OnChannelActivityDetected;

			sx127XDevice.Receive();
			//sx127XDevice.ChannelActivityDetect();

			Thread.Sleep(500);

			while (true)
			{
				string messageText = $"Hello LoRa from .NET nanoFramework Count {sendCount+=1}!";

				byte[] messageBytes = UTF8Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(messageText);
				Console.WriteLine($"{DateTime.UtcNow:HH:mm:ss}-TX {messageBytes.Length} byte message {messageText}");
				sx127XDevice.Send(messageBytes);

				Thread.Sleep(50000);

				Console.WriteLine($"{DateTime.UtcNow:HH:mm:ss} Random {sx127XDevice.Random()}");
			}
		}
	}
	catch (Exception ex)
	{
		Console.WriteLine(ex.Message);
	}
}

The Dio0 pin number is the only required pin number parameter, the resetPin, and Dio1 thru Dio5 pin numbers are optional. All the RegDioMapping1 and RegDioMapping2 mappings are disabled on intialisation so there should be no events while the SX127X is being configured. 

public SX127XDevice(SpiDevice spiDevice, GpioController gpioController,
	int dio0Pin,
	int resetPin = 0, // Odd order so as not to break exisiting code
	int dio1Pin = 0,
	int dio2Pin = 0,
	int dio3Pin = 0,
	int dio4Pin = 0,
	int dio5Pin = 0
	)
{
	_gpioController = gpioController;

	// Factory reset pin configuration
	if (resetPin != 0)
	{
		_resetPin = resetPin;
		_gpioController.OpenPin(resetPin, PinMode.Output);

		_gpioController.Write(resetPin, PinValue.Low);
		Thread.Sleep(20);
		_gpioController.Write(resetPin, PinValue.High);
		Thread.Sleep(50);
	}

	_registerManager = new RegisterManager(spiDevice, RegisterAddressReadMask, RegisterAddressWriteMask);

	// Once the pins setup check that SX127X chip is present
	Byte regVersionValue = _registerManager.ReadByte((byte)Configuration.Registers.RegVersion);
	if (regVersionValue != Configuration.RegVersionValueExpected)
	{
		throw new ApplicationException("Semtech SX127X not found");
	}

	// See Table 18 DIO Mapping LoRa® Mode
	Configuration.RegDioMapping1 regDioMapping1Value = Configuration.RegDioMapping1.Dio0None;
	regDioMapping1Value |= Configuration.RegDioMapping1.Dio1None;
	regDioMapping1Value |= Configuration.RegDioMapping1.Dio2None;
	regDioMapping1Value |= Configuration.RegDioMapping1.Dio3None;
	_registerManager.WriteByte((byte)Configuration.Registers.RegDioMapping1, (byte)regDioMapping1Value);

	// Currently no easy way to test this with available hardware
	//Configuration.RegDioMapping2 regDioMapping2Value = Configuration.RegDioMapping2.Dio4None;
	//regDioMapping2Value = Configuration.RegDioMapping2.Dio5None;
	//_registerManager.WriteByte((byte)Configuration.Registers.RegDioMapping2, (byte)regDioMapping2Value);

	// Interrupt pin for RXDone, TXDone, and CadDone notification 
	_gpioController.OpenPin(dio0Pin, PinMode.InputPullDown);
	_gpioController.RegisterCallbackForPinValueChangedEvent(dio0Pin, PinEventTypes.Rising, InterruptGpioPin_ValueChanged);

	// RxTimeout, FhssChangeChannel, and CadDetected
	if (dio1Pin != 0)
	{
		_gpioController.OpenPin(dio1Pin, PinMode.InputPullDown);
		_gpioController.RegisterCallbackForPinValueChangedEvent(dio1Pin, PinEventTypes.Rising, InterruptGpioPin_ValueChanged);
	}

	// FhssChangeChannel, FhssChangeChannel, and FhssChangeChannel
	if (dio2Pin != 0)
	{
		_gpioController.OpenPin(dio2Pin, PinMode.InputPullDown);
		_gpioController.RegisterCallbackForPinValueChangedEvent(dio2Pin, PinEventTypes.Rising, InterruptGpioPin_ValueChanged);
	}

	// CadDone, ValidHeader, and PayloadCrcError
	if (dio3Pin != 0)
	{
		_gpioController.OpenPin(dio3Pin, PinMode.InputPullDown);
		_gpioController.RegisterCallbackForPinValueChangedEvent(dio3Pin, PinEventTypes.Rising, InterruptGpioPin_ValueChanged);
	}

	// CadDetected, PllLock and PllLock
	if (dio4Pin != 0)
	{
		_gpioController.OpenPin(dio4Pin, PinMode.InputPullDown);
		_gpioController.RegisterCallbackForPinValueChangedEvent(dio4Pin, PinEventTypes.Rising, InterruptGpioPin_ValueChanged);
	}

	// ModeReady, ClkOut and ClkOut
	if (dio5Pin != 0)
	{
		_gpioController.OpenPin(dio5Pin, PinMode.InputPullDown);
		_gpioController.RegisterCallbackForPinValueChangedEvent(dio5Pin, PinEventTypes.Rising, InterruptGpioPin_ValueChanged);
	}
}

The same event handler (InterruptGpioPin_ValueChanged) is used for Dio0 thru Dio5. Each event has a “process” method and the RegIrqFlags register controls which one(s) are called. 

private void InterruptGpioPin_ValueChanged(object sender, PinValueChangedEventArgs pinValueChangedEventArgs)
{
	Byte regIrqFlagsToClear = (byte)Configuration.RegIrqFlags.ClearNone;

	// Read RegIrqFlags to see what caused the interrupt
	Byte irqFlags = _registerManager.ReadByte((byte)Configuration.Registers.RegIrqFlags);

	//Console.WriteLine($"IrqFlags 0x{irqFlags:x} Pin:{pinValueChangedEventArgs.PinNumber}");

	// Check RxTimeout for inbound message
	if ((irqFlags & (byte)Configuration.RegIrqFlagsMask.RxTimeoutMask) == (byte)Configuration.RegIrqFlags.RxTimeout)
	{
		regIrqFlagsToClear |= (byte)Configuration.RegIrqFlags.RxTimeout;

		ProcessRxTimeout(irqFlags);
	}

	// Check RxDone for inbound message
	if ((irqFlags & (byte)Configuration.RegIrqFlagsMask.RxDoneMask) == (byte)Configuration.RegIrqFlags.RxDone)
	{
		regIrqFlagsToClear |= (byte)Configuration.RegIrqFlags.RxDone;

		ProcessRxDone(irqFlags);
	}

	// Check PayLoadCrcError for inbound message
	if ((irqFlags & (byte)Configuration.RegIrqFlagsMask.PayLoadCrcErrorMask) == (byte)Configuration.RegIrqFlags.PayLoadCrcError)
	{
		regIrqFlagsToClear |= (byte)Configuration.RegIrqFlags.PayLoadCrcError;

		ProcessPayloadCrcError(irqFlags);
	}

	// Check ValidHeader for inbound message
	if ((irqFlags & (byte)Configuration.RegIrqFlagsMask.ValidHeaderMask) == (byte)Configuration.RegIrqFlags.ValidHeader)
	{
		regIrqFlagsToClear |= (byte)Configuration.RegIrqFlags.ValidHeader;

		ProcessValidHeader(irqFlags);
	}

	// Check TxDone for outbound message
	if ((irqFlags & (byte)Configuration.RegIrqFlagsMask.TxDoneMask) == (byte)Configuration.RegIrqFlags.TxDone)
	{
		regIrqFlagsToClear |= (byte)Configuration.RegIrqFlags.TxDone;

		ProcessTxDone(irqFlags);
	}

	// Check Channel Activity Detection done 
	if (((irqFlags & (byte)Configuration.RegIrqFlagsMask.CadDoneMask) == (byte)Configuration.RegIrqFlags.CadDone))
	{
		regIrqFlagsToClear |= (byte)Configuration.RegIrqFlags.CadDone;

		ProcessChannelActivityDetectionDone(irqFlags);
	}

	// Check FhssChangeChannel for inbound message
	if ((irqFlags & (byte)Configuration.RegIrqFlagsMask.FhssChangeChannelMask) == (byte)Configuration.RegIrqFlags.FhssChangeChannel)
	{
		regIrqFlagsToClear |= (byte)Configuration.RegIrqFlags.FhssChangeChannel;

		ProcessFhssChangeChannel(irqFlags);
	}

	// Check Channel Activity Detected 
	if (((irqFlags & (byte)Configuration.RegIrqFlagsMask.CadDetectedMask) == (byte)Configuration.RegIrqFlags.CadDetected))
	{
		regIrqFlagsToClear |= (byte)Configuration.RegIrqFlags.CadDetected;

		ProcessChannelActivityDetected(irqFlags);
	}

	_registerManager.WriteByte((byte)Configuration.Registers.RegIrqFlags, regIrqFlagsToClear);
}

private void ProcessRxTimeout(byte irqFlags)
{
	OnRxTimeoutEventArgs onRxTimeoutArgs = new OnRxTimeoutEventArgs();

	OnRxTimeout?.Invoke(this, onRxTimeoutArgs);
}

private void ProcessRxDone(byte irqFlags)
{
	byte[] payloadBytes;
...
}

The RegIrqFlags bits are cleared individually (with regIrqFlagsToClear) at the end of the event handler. Initially I cleared all the flags by writing 0xFF to RegIrqFlags but this caused issues when there were multiple bits set e.g. CadDone along with CadDetected.

devMobile.IoT.SX127xLoRaDevice Client starting
Register dump
Register 0x01 - Value 0X80
...
Register 0x4d - Value 0X84

00:00:09-CAD Detection Done
00:00:09-CAD Detected
00:00:09-RX PacketSnr 0.0 Packet RSSI -100dBm RSSI -96dBm = 9 byte message hello 41
00:00:09-RX PacketSnr 0.0 Packet RSSI -100dBm RSSI -96dBm = 9 byte message hello 42
00:00:09-RX PacketSnr 0.0 Packet RSSI -100dBm RSSI -96dBm = 9 byte message hello 43
00:00:09-RX PacketSnr 0.0 Packet RSSI -100dBm RSSI -96dBm = 9 byte message hello 44
00:00:09-RX PacketSnr 0.0 Packet RSSI -100dBm RSSI -96dBm = 9 byte message hello 45
00:00:09-RX PacketSnr 0.0 Packet RSSI -100dBm RSSI -94dBm = 9 byte message hello 46
00:00:09-RX PacketSnr 0.0 Packet RSSI -99dBm RSSI -94dBm = 9 byte message hello 47
00:00:19-RX PacketSnr 0.0 Packet RSSI -100dBm RSSI -96dBm = 9 byte message hello 48

It took some experimentation with the SX127xLoRaDeviceClient application to “reliably” trigger events for testing. To generate CAD Detected event, I had to modify one of the Arduino-LoRa sample applications to send messages without a delay, then have it running as the SX127xLoRaDeviceClient application was starting.

RFM69 hat library Part12E

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Enums and Masks – RegDIOMapping1 & RegDIOMapping2

The RFM69CW/RFM69HCW module (based on the Semtech SX1231/SX1231H) has configurable digital outputs (RegDIOMapping1 & RegDIOMapping2) . Which I use to trigger interrupts on my Windows 10 IoT Core or Arduino devices. Currently (Sep 2019) the library only supports the mapping of the digital outputs D0 & D1 when the RFM69 is in Packet Mode.

RegiDIOMapping0 & RegDIOMapping2 settings for DIO thru DIO5

I added some additional constants and enumerations for the other settings configured in RegDioMapping1 & RegDioMapping2.

// RegDioMapping1 & RegDioMapping2 Packet Mode Table 22 pg48
// DIO 0 Bits 7&6 of RegDioMapping1
[Flags]
public enum Dio0Mapping
{
	// Sleep
	// Standby
	// Frequency Synthesis
	// Reserved 00-10
	FrequencySynthesisPllLock = 0b11000000,
	ReceiveCrcOk = 0b00000000,
	ReceivePayloadReady = 0b01000000,
	ReceiveSyncAddress = 0b10000000,
	ReceiveRssi = 0b11000000,
	TransmitPacketSent = 0b00000000,
	TransmitTxReady = 0b01000000,
	// Reserved 10
	PllLock = 0b11000000
}
const Dio0Mapping Dio0MappingDefault = 0x00;

// DIO 1 Bits 5&4 of RegDioMapping1
public enum Dio1Mapping
{
	SleepFifoLevel = 0b00000000,
	SleepFifoFull = 0b00010000,
	SleepFifoNotEmpty = 0b00100000,
	// Reserved 11
	StandByFifoLevel = 0b00000000,
	StandByFifoFull = 0b00010000,
	StandByFifoNotEmpty = 0b00100000,
	FrequencySynthesisFifoLevel = 0b00000000,
	FrequencySynthesisFifoFull = 0b00010000,
	FrequencySynthesisFifoNotEmpty = 0b00100000,
	FrequencySynthesisPllLock = 0b00110000,
	ReceiveFifoLevel = 0b00000000,
	ReceiveFifoFull = 0b00010000,
	ReceiveFifoNotEmpty = 0b00100000,
	ReceiveTimeout = 0b00110000,
	TransmitFifoLevel = 0b00000000,
	TransmitFifoFull = 0b00010000,
	TransmitFifoNotEmpty = 0b00100000,
	TransmitPllLock = 0b00110000,
}
const Dio1Mapping Dio1MappingDefault = 0x00;

// DIO 2 Bits 3&2 of RegDioMapping1
public enum Dio2Mapping
{
}
const Dio2Mapping Dio2MappingDefault = 0x00;

// DIO 2 Bits 1&0 of RegDioMapping1
public enum Dio3Mapping
{
}
const Dio3Mapping Dio3MappingDefault = 0x00;

// DIO 2 Bits 7&6 of RegDioMapping2
public enum Dio4Mapping
{
}
const Dio4Mapping Dio4MappingDefault = 0x00;

// DIO 2 Bits 5&4 of RegDioMapping2
public enum Dio5Mapping
{
}
const Dio5Mapping Dio5MappingDefault = 0x00;

// RegDioMapping2 Bits 2-0
public enum ClockOutDioMapping : byte
{
	FXOsc = 0b00000000,
	FXOscDiv2 = 0b00000001,
	FXOscDiv4 = 0b00000010,
	FXOscDiv8 = 0b00000011,
	FXOscDiv16 = 0b00000100,
	FXOscDiv32 = 0b00000101,
	RC = 0b00000110,
	Off = 0b00000111,
}
public const ClockOutDioMapping ClockOutDioMappingDefault = ClockOutDioMapping.Off;

I also added some code to the initialise method to set the RegDioMapping1 & RegDioMapping1 only if the values were not the defaults.

public void Initialise(RegOpModeMode modeAfterInitialise,
	bool sequencer = RegOpModeSequencerDefault,
	bool listen = RegOpModeListenDefault,
	BitRate bitRate = BitRateDefault,
	ushort frequencyDeviation = frequencyDeviationDefault,
	double frequency = FrequencyDefault,
	AfcLowBeta afcLowBeta = AfcLowBetaDefault,
	ListenModeIdleResolution listenModeIdleResolution = ListenModeIdleResolutionDefault, ListenModeRXTime listenModeRXTime = ListenModeRXTimeDefault, ListenModeCriteria listenModeCrieria = ListenModeCriteriaDefault, ListenModeEnd listenModeEnd = ListenModeEndDefault,
	byte listenCoefficientIdle = ListenCoefficientIdleDefault,
	byte listenCoefficientReceive = ListenCoefficientReceiveDefault,
	bool pa0On = pa0OnDefault, bool pa1On = pa1OnDefaut, bool pa2On = pa2OnDefault, byte outputpower = OutputpowerDefault,
	PaRamp paRamp = PaRampDefault,
	bool ocpOn = OcpOnDefault, byte ocpTrim = OcpTrimDefault,
	LnaZin lnaZin = LnaZinDefault, LnaCurrentGain lnaCurrentGain = LnaCurrentGainDefault, LnaGainSelect lnaGainSelect = LnaGainSelectDefault,
	byte dccFrequency = DccFrequencyDefault, RxBwMant rxBwMant = RxBwMantDefault, byte RxBwExp = RxBwExpDefault,
	byte dccFreqAfc = DccFreqAfcDefault, byte rxBwMantAfc = RxBwMantAfcDefault, byte bxBwExpAfc = RxBwExpAfcDefault,
	Dio0Mapping dio0Mapping = Dio0MappingDefault,
	Dio1Mapping dio1Mapping = Dio1MappingDefault,
	Dio2Mapping dio2Mapping = Dio2MappingDefault,
	Dio3Mapping dio3Mapping = Dio3MappingDefault,
	Dio4Mapping dio4Mapping = Dio4MappingDefault,
	Dio5Mapping dio5Mapping = Dio5MappingDefault,
	ClockOutDioMapping clockOutDioMapping = ClockOutDioMappingDefault,
	ushort preambleSize = PreambleSizeDefault,
	RegSyncConfigFifoFileCondition? syncFifoFileCondition = null, byte? syncTolerance = null, byte[] syncValues = null,
	RegPacketConfig1PacketFormat packetFormat = RegPacketConfig1PacketFormat.FixedLength,
	RegPacketConfig1DcFree packetDcFree = RegPacketConfig1DcFreeDefault,
	bool packetCrc = PacketCrcOnDefault,
	bool packetCrcAutoClear = PacketCrcAutoClearDefault,
	byte payloadLength = PayloadLengthDefault,
	byte? addressNode = null, byte? addressbroadcast = null,
	TxStartCondition txStartCondition = TxStartConditionDefault, byte fifoThreshold = FifoThresholdDefault,
	byte interPacketRxDelay = InterPacketRxDelayDefault, bool autoRestartRx = AutoRestartRxDefault,
	byte[] aesKey = null
	)
...
	// RegDioMapping1
	if ((dio0Mapping != Dio0MappingDefault) ||
	    (dio1Mapping != Dio1MappingDefault) ||
	    (dio2Mapping != Dio2MappingDefault) ||
	    (dio3Mapping != Dio3MappingDefault))
	{
		byte regDioMapping1Value = (byte)dio0Mapping;

		regDioMapping1Value |= (byte)dio1Mapping;
		regDioMapping1Value |= (byte)dio2Mapping;
		regDioMapping1Value |= (byte)dio3Mapping;

		RegisterManager.WriteByte((byte)Registers.RegDioMapping1, regDioMapping1Value);
	}

	// RegDioMapping2
	if ((dio4Mapping != Dio4MappingDefault) ||
		 (dio5Mapping != Dio5MappingDefault) ||
		 (clockOutDioMapping != ClockOutDioMappingDefault ))
	{
		byte regDioMapping2Value = (byte)dio4Mapping;

		regDioMapping2Value |= (byte)dio5Mapping;
		regDioMapping2Value |= (byte)clockOutDioMapping;

		RegisterManager.WriteByte((byte)Registers.RegDioMapping2, regDioMapping2Value);
	}

I had several failed attempts at defining suitable enumerations for configuring the RegDioMapping1 & RegDioMapping2 registers. I initially started with an enumeration for each Mode (Sleep, StandBy etc.) but the implementation was quite complex. The initial version only supports DIO0 & DIO1 as most of the shields I have, only DIO0 adn/or DIO1 are connected.