Random wanderings through Microsoft Azure esp. PaaS plumbing, the IoT bits, AI on Micro controllers, AI on Edge Devices, .NET nanoFramework, .NET Core on *nix and ML.NET+ONNX
Every so often my Enums & Masks test harness locked up and stopped receiving messages from my test rig. This seemed to happen more often when the send functionality of my library was not being used.
easysensors RFM69HCW test rig
After 5 to 30 minutes (a couple of times it was 5 to 8 hours overnight) the application stopped receiving messages and wouldn’t resume until the application (device reset) was restarted or the RegOpmode-Mode was quickly changed to sleep then back to receive.
I had noticed this code in the Low Power Lab and wondered what it was for. The HopeRF library didn’t appear to have code like this to restart reception which was interesting.
void RFM69::send(uint16_t toAddress, const void* buffer, uint8_t bufferSize, bool requestACK)
{
writeReg(REG_PACKETCONFIG2, (readReg(REG_PACKETCONFIG2) & 0xFB) | RF_PACKET2_RXRESTART); // avoid RX deadlocks
uint32_t now = millis();
while (!canSend() && millis() - now < RF69_CSMA_LIMIT_MS) receiveDone();
sendFrame(toAddress, buffer, bufferSize, requestACK, false);
}
// should be called immediately after reception in case sender wants ACK
void RFM69::sendACK(const void* buffer, uint8_t bufferSize) {
ACK_REQUESTED = 0; // TWS added to make sure we don't end up in a timing race and infinite loop sending Acks
uint16_t sender = SENDERID;
int16_t _RSSI = RSSI; // save payload received RSSI value
writeReg(REG_PACKETCONFIG2, (readReg(REG_PACKETCONFIG2) & 0xFB) | RF_PACKET2_RXRESTART); // avoid RX deadlocks
uint32_t now = millis();
while (!canSend() && millis() - now < RF69_CSMA_LIMIT_MS) receiveDone();
SENDERID = sender; // TWS: Restore SenderID after it gets wiped out by receiveDone()
sendFrame(sender, buffer, bufferSize, false, true);
RSSI = _RSSI; // restore payload RSSI
}
void RFM69::receiveBegin() {
DATALEN = 0;
SENDERID = 0;
TARGETID = 0;
PAYLOADLEN = 0;
ACK_REQUESTED = 0;
ACK_RECEIVED = 0;
#if defined(RF69_LISTENMODE_ENABLE)
RF69_LISTEN_BURST_REMAINING_MS = 0;
#endif
RSSI = 0;
if (readReg(REG_IRQFLAGS2) & RF_IRQFLAGS2_PAYLOADREADY)
writeReg(REG_PACKETCONFIG2, (readReg(REG_PACKETCONFIG2) & 0xFB) | RF_PACKET2_RXRESTART); // avoid RX deadlocks
writeReg(REG_DIOMAPPING1, RF_DIOMAPPING1_DIO0_01); // set DIO0 to "PAYLOADREADY" in receive mode
setMode(RF69_MODE_RX);
}
In the debug output you can see that clock frequencies of the two test devices are slightly different. Every so often they transmit close enough to corrupt one of the message payloads which causes the deadlock.
Sometimes while testing code you notice something odd. Every so often the Enums & Masks application locks up and stops receiving messages from my test rig.
easysensors RFM69HCW test rig
The symptom is that after 5 to 30 minutes the application stops receiving messages
21:37:37.568 RegIrqFlags1 11011001
21:37:37.583 Address 0X99 10011001
21:37:37 Received 14 byte message Hello World:61
..21:37:38.693 RegIrqFlags2 01100110
21:37:38.706 RegIrqFlags1 11011001
21:37:38.724 Address 0X99 10011001
21:37:38 Received 14 byte message Hello World:62
............The thread 0xba8 has exited with code 0 (0x0).
.................................................................................................................................................The thread 0xf90 has exited with code 0 (0x0).
.....................The thread 0xe30 has exited with code 0 (0x0).
.......................The thread 0xa04 has exited with code 0 (0x0).
................................The thread 0xc8c has exited with code 0 (0x0).
..........................................................................................The thread 0xc38 has exited with code 0 (0x0).
......................The thread 0xf68 has exited with code 0 (0x0).
......................................................................................The thread 0x1c8 has exited with code 0 (0x0).
..........The thread 0xeb8 has exited with code 0 (0x0).
..............................................................The thread 0xbb8 has exited with code 0 (0x0).
..........The thread 0xdc0 has exited with code 0 (0x0).
...............................The thread 0x820 has exited with code 0 (0x0).
....................................The thread 0xaac has exited with code 0 (0x0).
......The thread 0xbf0 has exited with code 0 (0x0).
............................................The thread 0x4e8 has exited with code 0 (0x0).
...............................The thread 0x1b4 has exited with code 0 (0x0).
...............................................................The thread 0xbdc has exited with code 0 (0x0).
....................The thread 0xb60 has exited with code 0 (0x0).
.........................................................................................................The thread 0x510 has exited with code 0 (0x0).
........The thread 0xf60 has exited with code 0 (0x0).
........................................................The thread 0x3c0 has exited with code 0 (0x0).
......................................The thread 0xa4c has exited with code 0 (0x0).
..................................................................The thread 0x9e0 has exited with code 0 (0x0).
....................The thread 0xd74 has exited with code 0 (0x0).
............................The thread 0xfa0 has exited with code 0 (0x0).
..................................................................................................The thread 0xfe0 has exited with code 0 (0x0).
....................................................................................The thread 0xdd4 has exited with code 0 (0x0).
........................The thread 0xc00 has exited with code 0 (0x0).
..................................The thread 0x478 has exited with code 0 (0x0).
.........................The thread 0x88c has exited with code 0 (0x0).
...........................................The thread 0x280 has exited with code 0 (0x0).
..........................................The thread 0x8e4 has exited with code 0 (0x0).
............The thread 0x410 has exited with code 0 (0x0).
..............................................The thread 0xa70 has exited with code 0 (0x0).
................The thread 0x994 has exited with code 0 (0x0).
....................The thread 0x298 has exited with code 0 (0x0).
..............The thread 0x3a4 has exited with code 0 (0x0).
............................................................The thread 0xa2c has exited with code 0 (0x0).
..........The thread 0x208 has exited with code 0 (0x0).
..........................................................................The thread 0xbd4 has exited with code 0 (0x0).
............The thread 0xfdc has exited with code 0 (0x0).
........................................................................The thread 0x36c has exited with code 0 (0x0).
...........22:08:57.638 RegIrqFlags2 01100110
22:08:57.658 RegIrqFlags1 11011001
22:08:57.676 Address 0X66 01100110
22:08:57 Received 15 byte message Hello World:157
22:08:57.807 RegIrqFlags2 01100110
But, every so often it would after many minutes start up again without me doing anything (I noticed this after leaving application running overnight). I could get the application to restart by putting a break point on the Debug.Write(“.”) and toggling the OperationMode from Sleep to Receive
Using Visual Studio Immediate Windows to execute SetMode
I have found if the device is transmitting every so often the lockups are also much less likely. To help with debugging the issue I have wired up the three buttons on the Adafruit Radio Bonnet to call different diagnostic code
Looks like this maybe a bit of a heisenbug as it takes a longish time to appear and poking around in the debugger and adding more diagnostics changes the frequency the error.
Received 16 byte message
Receive-Done
.............................Receive-No wait
Received 16 byte message
Receive-Done
Receive-No wait
Received 16 byte message
Receive-Done
....Receive-No wait
Received 16 byte message
Receive-Done
Receive-No wait
Received 16 byte message
Receive-Done
.............
Pressing button one restarts inbound messages for a while, button two sits in an endless loop, button three reads in a 16 byte message of 0x10 characters, which I think is buffer length. I have added code to catch exceptions and stop re-entrancy but it never seems to get triggered.
The RFM69CW/RFM69HCW module (based on the Semtech SX1231/SX1231H) has configurable (RegSyncConfig) synchronisation sequences (the length, tolerance for errors and the individual byte values).
By default synchronisation is enabled and a default sequence of bytes is used, in my library synchronisation is NOT enabled until a SyncValue is provided.
I added some additional constants and enumerations for the other settings configured in RegSyncConfig.
// RegSyncConfig
// This is private because default ignored and flag set based on SyncValues parameter being specified rather than default
private enum RegSyncConfigSyncOn
{
Off = 0b00000000,
On = 0b10000000
}
public enum RegSyncConfigFifoFileCondition
{
SyncAddressInterrupt = 0b00000000,
FifoFillCondition = 0b01000000
}
private const RegSyncConfigFifoFileCondition SyncFifoFileConditionDefault = RegSyncConfigFifoFileCondition.SyncAddressInterrupt;
readonly byte[] SyncValuesDefault = {0x01, 0x01, 0x01, 0x01};
public const byte SyncValuesSizeDefault = 4;
public const byte SyncValuesSizeMinimum = 1;
public const byte SyncValuesSizeMaximum = 8;
private const byte SyncToleranceDefault = 0;
public const byte SyncToleranceMinimum = 0;
public const byte SyncToleranceMaximum = 7;
I also added some guard conditions to the initialise method which validate the syncFifoFileCondition, syncTolerance and syncValues length.
public void Initialise(RegOpModeMode modeAfterInitialise,
BitRate bitRate = BitRateDefault,
ushort frequencyDeviation = frequencyDeviationDefault,
double frequency = FrequencyDefault,
ListenModeIdleResolution listenModeIdleResolution = ListenModeIdleResolutionDefault, ListenModeRXTime listenModeRXTime = ListenModeRXTimeDefault, ListenModeCrieria listenModeCrieria = ListenModeCrieriaDefault, ListenModeEnd listenModeEnd = ListenModeEndDefault,
byte listenCoefficientIdle = ListenCoefficientIdleDefault,
byte listenCoefficientReceive = ListenCoefficientReceiveDefault,
bool pa0On = pa0OnDefault, bool pa1On = pa1OnDefaut, bool pa2On = pa2OnDefault, byte outputpower = OutputpowerDefault,
PaRamp paRamp = PaRampDefault,
bool ocpOn = OcpOnDefault, byte ocpTrim = OcpTrimDefault,
LnaZin lnaZin = LnaZinDefault, LnaCurrentGain lnaCurrentGain = LnaCurrentGainDefault, LnaGainSelect lnaGainSelect = LnaGainSelectDefault,
byte dccFrequency = DccFrequencyDefault, RxBwMant rxBwMant = RxBwMantDefault, byte RxBwExp = RxBwExpDefault,
byte dccFreqAfc = DccFreqAfcDefault, byte rxBwMantAfc = RxBwMantAfcDefault, byte bxBwExpAfc = RxBwExpAfcDefault,
ushort preambleSize = PreambleSizeDefault,
RegSyncConfigFifoFileCondition? syncFifoFileCondition = null, byte? syncTolerance = null, byte[] syncValues = null,
RegPacketConfig1PacketFormat packetFormat = RegPacketConfig1PacketFormat.FixedLength,
RegPacketConfig1DcFree packetDcFree = RegPacketConfig1DcFreeDefault,
bool packetCrc = PacketCrcOnDefault,
bool packetCrcAutoClearOff = PacketCrcAutoClearOffDefault,
RegPacketConfig1CrcAddressFiltering packetAddressFiltering = PacketAddressFilteringDefault,
byte payloadLength = PayloadLengthDefault,
byte addressNode = NodeAddressDefault, byte addressbroadcast = BroadcastAddressDefault,
TxStartCondition txStartCondition = TxStartConditionDefault, byte fifoThreshold = FifoThresholdDefault,
byte interPacketRxDelay = InterPacketRxDelayDefault, bool restartRx = RestartRxDefault, bool autoRestartRx = AutoRestartRxDefault,
byte[] aesKey = null
)
{
RegOpModeModeCurrent = modeAfterInitialise;
PacketFormat = packetFormat;
#region RegSyncConfig + RegSyncValue1 to RegSyncValue8 guard conditions
if (syncValues != null)
{
// If sync enabled (i.e. SyncValues array provided) check that SyncValues not to short/long and SyncTolerance not to small/big
if ((syncValues.Length < SyncValuesSizeMinimum) || (syncValues.Length > SyncValuesSizeMaximum))
{
throw new ArgumentException($"The syncValues array length must be between {SyncValuesSizeMinimum} and {SyncValuesSizeMaximum} bytes", "syncValues");
}
if (syncTolerance.HasValue)
{
if ((syncTolerance < SyncToleranceMinimum) || (syncTolerance > SyncToleranceMaximum))
{
throw new ArgumentException($"The syncTolerance size must be between {SyncToleranceMinimum} and {SyncToleranceMaximum}", "syncTolerance");
}
}
}
else
{
// If sync not enabled (i.e. SyncValues array null) check that no syncFifoFileCondition or syncTolerance configuration specified
if (syncFifoFileCondition.HasValue)
{
throw new ArgumentException($"If Sync not enabled syncFifoFileCondition is not supported", "syncFifoFileCondition");
}
if (syncTolerance.HasValue)
{
throw new ArgumentException($"If Sync not enabled SyncTolerance is not supported", "syncTolerance");
}
}
#endregion
I also ensure that the syncFifoFileCondition and syncTolerance are not specified if synchronisation is not enabled.
The Arduino client code works though I need modify it so I can do more testing of the initialise method parameter options.
The RFM69CW/RFM69HCW module (based on the Semtech SX1231/SX1231H) has built in support for 128bit Advanced Encryption Standard(AES) encoding of message payloads. To make encryption easy to configure I added some additional constants and enumerations for the other settings configured in RegPacketConfig2.
// RegPacketConfig2
private const byte InterPacketRxDelayDefault = 0;
public const byte InterPacketRxDelayMinimum = 0x0;
public const byte InterPacketRxDelayMaximum = 0xF;
private const bool RestartRxDefault = false;
[Flags]
private enum RegPacketConfig2RestartRxDefault : byte
{
Off = 0b00000000,
On = 0b00000100,
}
private const bool AutoRestartRxDefault = true;
[Flags]
private enum RegPacketConfig2AutoRestartRxDefault : byte
{
Off = 0b00000000,
On = 0b00000010,
}
[Flags]
private enum RegPacketConfig2Aes : byte
{
Off = 0b00000000,
On = 0b00000001,
}
public const byte AesKeyLength = 16;
I then added some guard conditions to the initialise method to validate the InterPacketRxDelay and the encryption key length.
Based on the approach I used in my RFM9X library this refactor adds enumerations and constants for initialising and then accessing the registers of the RFM69CW/RFM69HCW module (based on the Semtech SX1231/SX1231H) .
Adafruit RFM69 Radio Bonnet
There is now a even less code in the Run method in the startup.cs file and the code for configuring the RFM69 is more obvious
The Rasmitic library modifies a number of the default settings (e.g. RegRxBw register) so I had to reverse engineer the values. I also added SendMessage methods for both addressed and un-addressed messages.
Register dump
Register 0x01 - Value 0X04 - Bits 00000100
Register 0x02 - Value 0X00 - Bits 00000000
Register 0x03 - Value 0X1a - Bits 00011010
…
Register 0x4b - Value 0X00 - Bits 00000000
Register 0x4c - Value 0X00 - Bits 00000000
Register 0x4d - Value 0X00 - Bits 00000000
16:52:38.337 Send-Done
16:52:38.456 RegIrqFlags 00001000
16:52:38.472 Transmit-Done
The thread 0xfe4 has exited with code 0 (0x0).
The thread 0x100 has exited with code 0 (0x0).
16:52:43.391 Send-Done
16:52:43.465 RegIrqFlags 00001000
16:52:43.480 Transmit-Done
The thread 0xb94 has exited with code 0 (0x0).
16:52:48.475 Send-Done
16:52:48.550 RegIrqFlags 00001000
16:52:48.563 Transmit-Done
16:52:53.448 RegIrqFlags 01000110
16:52:53 Received 13 byte message Hello world:0
The thread 0x2b4 has exited with code 0 (0x0).
16:52:53.559 Send-Done
16:52:53.633 RegIrqFlags 00001000
16:52:53.648 Transmit-Done
16:52:54.577 RegIrqFlags 01000110
16:52:54 Received 13 byte message Hello world:1
16:52:55.706 RegIrqFlags 01000110
16:52:55 Received 13 byte message Hello world:2
16:52:56.836 RegIrqFlags 01000110
16:52:56 Received 13 byte message Hello world:3
16:52:57.965 RegIrqFlags 01000110
16:52:57 Received 13 byte message Hello world:4
The thread 0x354 has exited with code 0 (0x0).
16:52:58.634 Send-Done
16:52:58.709 RegIrqFlags 00001000
16:52:58.724 Transmit-Done
16:52:59.095 RegIrqFlags 01000110
16:52:59 Received 13 byte message Hello world:5
The program '[3736] backgroundTaskHost.exe' has exited with code -1
The Arduino code works though I need modify it so I can do more testing of the initialise method parameter options.
Most of the initialise method follows a similar pattern, checking parameters associated with a Register and only setting it if the cvalues are not all the default
I have just got to finish the code for RegFifoThresh, RegPacketConfig2 and the RegAesKey1-16 registers.
Other libraries for the RRFM69 support changing configuration while the application is running which significantly increases the complexity and number of test cases. My initial version will only support configuration on start-up.
I had been meaning to refactor the code for accessing the registers of the RFM69CW/RFM69HCW module (based on the Semtech SX1231/SX1231H) registers for a while.
Adafruit RFM69 Radio Bonnet
There is now a lot less code in the startup.cs file and the code for configuring the RFM69 is more obvious
/*
Copyright ® 2019 July devMobile Software, All Rights Reserved
MIT License
Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
copies or substantial portions of the Software.
THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
SOFTWARE
*/
namespace devMobile.IoT.Rfm69Hcw.RefactorRegisterManager
{
using System;
using System.Diagnostics;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using Windows.ApplicationModel.Background;
using Windows.Devices.Gpio;
sealed class Rfm69HcwDevice
{
private GpioPin InterruptGpioPin = null;
public RegisterManager RegisterManager = null; // Future refactor this will be made private
public Rfm69HcwDevice(ChipSelectPin chipSelectPin, int resetPin, int interruptPin)
{
RegisterManager = new RegisterManager(chipSelectPin);
// Factory reset pin configuration
GpioController gpioController = GpioController.GetDefault();
GpioPin resetGpioPin = gpioController.OpenPin(resetPin);
resetGpioPin.SetDriveMode(GpioPinDriveMode.Output);
resetGpioPin.Write(GpioPinValue.High);
Task.Delay(100);
resetGpioPin.Write(GpioPinValue.Low);
Task.Delay(10);
// Interrupt pin for RX message & TX done notification
InterruptGpioPin = gpioController.OpenPin(interruptPin);
resetGpioPin.SetDriveMode(GpioPinDriveMode.Input);
InterruptGpioPin.ValueChanged += InterruptGpioPin_ValueChanged;
}
private void InterruptGpioPin_ValueChanged(GpioPin sender, GpioPinValueChangedEventArgs args)
{
if (args.Edge != GpioPinEdge.RisingEdge)
{
return;
}
byte irqFlags = RegisterManager.ReadByte(0x28); // RegIrqFlags2
Debug.WriteLine("{0:HH:mm:ss.fff} RegIrqFlags {1}", DateTime.Now, Convert.ToString((byte)irqFlags, 2).PadLeft(8, '0'));
if ((irqFlags & 0b00000100) == 0b00000100) // PayLoadReady set
{
// Read the length of the buffer
byte numberOfBytes = RegisterManager.ReadByte(0x0);
// Allocate buffer for message
byte[] messageBytes = new byte[numberOfBytes];
for (int i = 0; i < numberOfBytes; i++)
{
messageBytes[i] = RegisterManager.ReadByte(0x00); // RegFifo
}
string messageText = UTF8Encoding.UTF8.GetString(messageBytes);
Debug.WriteLine("{0:HH:mm:ss} Received {1} byte message {2}", DateTime.Now, messageBytes.Length, messageText);
}
if ((irqFlags & 0b00001000) == 0b00001000) // PacketSent set
{
RegisterManager.WriteByte(0x01, 0b00010000); // RegOpMode set ReceiveMode
Debug.WriteLine("{0:HH:mm:ss.fff} Transmit-Done", DateTime.Now);
}
}
public void RegisterDump()
{
RegisterManager.Dump(0x0, 0x40);
}
}
public sealed class StartupTask : IBackgroundTask
{
private const int ResetPin = 25;
private const int InterruptPin = 22;
private Rfm69HcwDevice rfm69Device = new Rfm69HcwDevice(ChipSelectPin.CS1, ResetPin, InterruptPin);
const double RH_RF6M9HCW_FXOSC = 32000000.0;
const double RH_RFM69HCW_FSTEP = RH_RF6M9HCW_FXOSC / 524288.0;
public void Run(IBackgroundTaskInstance taskInstance)
{
//rfm69Device.RegisterDump();
// regOpMode standby
rfm69Device.RegisterManager.WriteByte(0x01, 0b00000100);
// BitRate MSB/LSB
rfm69Device.RegisterManager.WriteByte(0x03, 0x34);
rfm69Device.RegisterManager.WriteByte(0x04, 0x00);
// Frequency deviation
rfm69Device.RegisterManager.WriteByte(0x05, 0x02);
rfm69Device.RegisterManager.WriteByte(0x06, 0x3d);
// Calculate the frequency accoring to the datasheett
byte[] bytes = BitConverter.GetBytes((uint)(915000000.0 / RH_RFM69HCW_FSTEP));
Debug.WriteLine("Byte Hex 0x{0:x2} 0x{1:x2} 0x{2:x2} 0x{3:x2}", bytes[0], bytes[1], bytes[2], bytes[3]);
rfm69Device.RegisterManager.WriteByte(0x07, bytes[2]);
rfm69Device.RegisterManager.WriteByte(0x08, bytes[1]);
rfm69Device.RegisterManager.WriteByte(0x09, bytes[0]);
// RegRxBW
rfm69Device.RegisterManager.WriteByte(0x19, 0x2a);
// RegDioMapping1
rfm69Device.RegisterManager.WriteByte(0x26, 0x01);
// Setup preamble length to 16 (default is 3) RegPreambleMsb RegPreambleLsb
rfm69Device.RegisterManager.WriteByte(0x2C, 0x0);
rfm69Device.RegisterManager.WriteByte(0x2D, 0x10);
// RegSyncConfig Set the Sync length and byte values SyncOn + 3 custom sync bytes
rfm69Device.RegisterManager.WriteByte(0x2e, 0x90);
// RegSyncValues1 thru RegSyncValues3
rfm69Device.RegisterManager.WriteByte(0x2f, 0xAA);
rfm69Device.RegisterManager.WriteByte(0x30, 0x2D);
rfm69Device.RegisterManager.WriteByte(0x31, 0xD4);
// RegPacketConfig1 Variable length with CRC on
rfm69Device.RegisterManager.WriteByte(0x37, 0x90);
rfm69Device.RegisterDump();
while (true)
{
// Standby mode while loading message into FIFO
rfm69Device.RegisterManager.WriteByte(0x01, 0b00000100);
byte[] messageBuffer = UTF8Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes("hello world " + DateTime.Now.ToLongTimeString());
rfm69Device.RegisterManager.WriteByte(0x0, (byte)messageBuffer.Length);
rfm69Device.RegisterManager.Write(0x0, messageBuffer);
// Transmit mode once FIFO loaded
rfm69Device.RegisterManager.WriteByte(0x01, 0b00001100);
Debug.WriteLine("{0:HH:mm:ss.fff} Send-Done", DateTime.Now);
Task.Delay(5000).Wait();
}
}
}
}
I’ll modify the constructor reset pin support to see if I can get the Seegel Systeme hat working.
Register dump
Register 0x00 - Value 0X00 - Bits 00000000
Register 0x01 - Value 0X04 - Bits 00000100
Register 0x02 - Value 0X00 - Bits 00000000
Register 0x03 - Value 0X34 - Bits 00110100
…
Register 0x3e - Value 0X00 - Bits 00000000
Register 0x3f - Value 0X00 - Bits 00000000
Register 0x40 - Value 0X00 - Bits 00000000
19:58:52.828 Send-Done
19:58:53.022 RegIrqFlags 00001000
19:58:53.036 Transmit-Done
19:58:54.188 RegIrqFlags 01000110
19:58:54 Received 14 byte message Hello world:1
The thread 0xa10 has exited with code 0 (0x0).
The thread 0xf90 has exited with code 0 (0x0).
19:58:57.652 RegIrqFlags 01000110
19:58:57 Received 14 byte message Hello world:2
19:58:57.892 Send-Done
19:58:58.039 RegIrqFlags 00001000
19:58:58.053 Transmit-Done
19:59:01.115 RegIrqFlags 01000110
19:59:01 Received 14 byte message Hello world:3
19:59:02.936 Send-Done
19:59:03.083 RegIrqFlags 00001000
19:59:03.096 Transmit-Done
19:59:04.577 RegIrqFlags 01000110
19:59:04 Received 14 byte message Hello world:4
The thread 0xa5c has exited with code 0 (0x0).
19:59:08.001 Send-Done
19:59:08.122 RegIrqFlags 01001000
19:59:08.139 Transmit-Done
19:59:11.504 RegIrqFlags 01000110
19:59:11 Received 14 byte message Hello world:6
The thread 0xb18 has exited with code 0 (0x0).
19:59:13.079 Send-Done
19:59:13.226 RegIrqFlags 00001000
19:59:13.240 Transmit-Done
19:59:14.966 RegIrqFlags 01000110
19:59:14 Received 14 byte message Hello world:7
Based how my rate of progress improved when I did this on the RFM9X library I really should have done this much earlier.
In the Arduino code I found the order of initialisation was critical. Because of the way the Rasmatic library is written the call to vRF69SetAesKey has to be after the vInitialize.
The next step will be merging and refactoring the test harness to extract the code for accessing the RFM69 registers into a separate class, then defining enumerations and constants for all the RFM69 settings.
Grove – 4 pin Female Jumper to Grove 4 pin Conversion Cable USD3.90
The two sockets on the main board aren’t Grove compatible so I used the 4 pin female to Grove 4 pin conversion cable to connect the temperature and humidity sensor.
STM32 Blue Pill LoRaWAN node test rig
I used a modified version of my Arduino client code which worked after I got the pin reset pin sorted and the female sockets in the right order.
/*
Copyright ® 2019 July devMobile Software, All Rights Reserved
THIS CODE AND INFORMATION IS PROVIDED "AS IS" WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY
KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE
IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND/OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
PURPOSE.
Adapted from LoRa Duplex communication with Sync Word
Sends temperature & humidity data from Seeedstudio
https://www.seeedstudio.com/Grove-Temperature-Humidity-Sensor-High-Accuracy-Min-p-1921.html
To my Windows 10 IoT Core RFM 9X library
https://blog.devmobile.co.nz/2018/09/03/rfm9x-iotcore-payload-addressing/
*/
#include <itoa.h>
#include <SPI.h>
#include <LoRa.h>
#include <TH02_dev.h>
#define DEBUG
//#define DEBUG_TELEMETRY
//#define DEBUG_LORA
// LoRa field gateway configuration (these settings must match your field gateway)
const char DeviceAddress[] = {"BLUEPILL"};
// Azure IoT Hub FieldGateway
const char FieldGatewayAddress[] = {"LoRaIoT1"};
const float FieldGatewayFrequency = 915000000.0;
const byte FieldGatewaySyncWord = 0x12 ;
// Bluepill hardware configuration
const int ChipSelectPin = PA4;
const int InterruptPin = PA0;
const int ResetPin = -1;
// LoRa radio payload configuration
const byte SensorIdValueSeperator = ' ' ;
const byte SensorReadingSeperator = ',' ;
const byte PayloadSizeMaximum = 64 ;
byte payload[PayloadSizeMaximum];
byte payloadLength = 0 ;
const int LoopDelaySeconds = 300 ;
// Sensor configuration
const char SensorIdTemperature[] = {"t"};
const char SensorIdHumidity[] = {"h"};
void setup()
{
Serial.begin(9600);
#ifdef DEBUG
while (!Serial);
#endif
Serial.println("Setup called");
Serial.println("LoRa setup start");
// override the default chip select and reset pins
LoRa.setPins(ChipSelectPin, ResetPin, InterruptPin);
if (!LoRa.begin(FieldGatewayFrequency))
{
Serial.println("LoRa begin failed");
while (true); // Drop into endless loop requiring restart
}
// Need to do this so field gateways pays attention to messsages from this device
LoRa.enableCrc();
LoRa.setSyncWord(FieldGatewaySyncWord);
#ifdef DEBUG_LORA
LoRa.dumpRegisters(Serial);
#endif
Serial.println("LoRa setup done.");
PayloadHeader((byte*)FieldGatewayAddress, strlen(FieldGatewayAddress), (byte*)DeviceAddress, strlen(DeviceAddress));
// Configure the Seeedstudio TH02 temperature & humidity sensor
Serial.println("TH02 setup");
TH02.begin();
delay(100);
Serial.println("TH02 Setup done");
Serial.println("Setup done");
}
void loop() {
// read the value from the sensor:
double temperature = TH02.ReadTemperature();
double humidity = TH02.ReadHumidity();
Serial.print("Humidity: ");
Serial.print(humidity, 0);
Serial.print(" %\t");
Serial.print("Temperature: ");
Serial.print(temperature, 1);
Serial.println(" *C");
PayloadReset();
PayloadAdd(SensorIdHumidity, humidity, 0) ;
PayloadAdd(SensorIdTemperature, temperature, 1) ;
LoRa.beginPacket();
LoRa.write(payload, payloadLength);
LoRa.endPacket();
Serial.println("Loop done");
delay(LoopDelaySeconds * 1000);
}
void PayloadHeader( byte *to, byte toAddressLength, byte *from, byte fromAddressLength)
{
byte addressesLength = toAddressLength + fromAddressLength ;
#ifdef DEBUG_TELEMETRY
Serial.println("PayloadHeader- ");
Serial.print( "To Address len:");
Serial.print( toAddressLength );
Serial.print( " From Address len:");
Serial.print( fromAddressLength );
Serial.print( " Addresses length:");
Serial.print( addressesLength );
Serial.println( );
#endif
payloadLength = 0 ;
// prepare the payload header with "To" Address length (top nibble) and "From" address length (bottom nibble)
payload[payloadLength] = (toAddressLength << 4) | fromAddressLength ;
payloadLength += 1;
// Copy the "To" address into payload
memcpy(&payload[payloadLength], to, toAddressLength);
payloadLength += toAddressLength ;
// Copy the "From" into payload
memcpy(&payload[payloadLength], from, fromAddressLength);
payloadLength += fromAddressLength ;
}
void PayloadAdd( const char *sensorId, float value, byte decimalPlaces)
{
byte sensorIdLength = strlen( sensorId ) ;
#ifdef DEBUG_TELEMETRY
Serial.println("PayloadAdd-float ");
Serial.print( "SensorId:");
Serial.print( sensorId );
Serial.print( " sensorIdLen:");
Serial.print( sensorIdLength );
Serial.print( " Value:");
Serial.print( value, decimalPlaces );
Serial.print( " payloadLength:");
Serial.print( payloadLength);
#endif
memcpy( &payload[payloadLength], sensorId, sensorIdLength) ;
payloadLength += sensorIdLength ;
payload[ payloadLength] = SensorIdValueSeperator;
payloadLength += 1 ;
payloadLength += strlen( dtostrf(value, -1, decimalPlaces, (char *)&payload[payloadLength]));
payload[ payloadLength] = SensorReadingSeperator;
payloadLength += 1 ;
#ifdef DEBUG_TELEMETRY
Serial.print( " payloadLength:");
Serial.print( payloadLength);
Serial.println( );
#endif
}
void PayloadAdd( const char *sensorId, int value )
{
byte sensorIdLength = strlen( sensorId ) ;
#ifdef DEBUG_TELEMETRY
Serial.println("PayloadAdd-int ");
Serial.print( "SensorId:");
Serial.print( sensorId );
Serial.print( " sensorIdLen:");
Serial.print( sensorIdLength );
Serial.print( " Value:");
Serial.print( value );
Serial.print( " payloadLength:");
Serial.print( payloadLength);
#endif
memcpy( &payload[payloadLength], sensorId, sensorIdLength) ;
payloadLength += sensorIdLength ;
payload[ payloadLength] = SensorIdValueSeperator;
payloadLength += 1 ;
payloadLength += strlen( itoa( value, (char *)&payload[payloadLength], 10));
payload[ payloadLength] = SensorReadingSeperator;
payloadLength += 1 ;
#ifdef DEBUG_TELEMETRY
Serial.print( " payloadLength:");
Serial.print( payloadLength);
Serial.println( );
#endif
}
void PayloadAdd( const char *sensorId, unsigned int value )
{
byte sensorIdLength = strlen( sensorId ) ;
#ifdef DEBUG_TELEMETRY
Serial.println("PayloadAdd-unsigned int ");
Serial.print( "SensorId:");
Serial.print( sensorId );
Serial.print( " sensorIdLen:");
Serial.print( sensorIdLength );
Serial.print( " Value:");
Serial.print( value );
Serial.print( " payloadLength:");
Serial.print( payloadLength);
#endif
memcpy( &payload[payloadLength], sensorId, sensorIdLength) ;
payloadLength += sensorIdLength ;
payload[ payloadLength] = SensorIdValueSeperator;
payloadLength += 1 ;
payloadLength += strlen( utoa( value, (char *)&payload[payloadLength], 10));
payload[ payloadLength] = SensorReadingSeperator;
payloadLength += 1 ;
#ifdef DEBUG_TELEMETRY
Serial.print( " payloadLength:");
Serial.print( payloadLength);
Serial.println( );
#endif
}
void PayloadReset()
{
byte fromAddressLength = payload[0] & 0xf ;
byte toAddressLength = payload[0] >> 4 ;
byte addressesLength = toAddressLength + fromAddressLength ;
payloadLength = addressesLength + 1;
#ifdef DEBUG_TELEMETRY
Serial.println("PayloadReset- ");
Serial.print( "To Address len:");
Serial.print( toAddressLength );
Serial.print( " From Address len:");
Serial.print( fromAddressLength );
Serial.print( " Addresses length:");
Serial.print( addressesLength );
Serial.println( );
#endif
}
To get the application to compile I also had to include itoa.h rather than stdlib.h.
maple_loader v0.1
Resetting to bootloader via DTR pulse
[Reset via USB Serial Failed! Did you select the right serial port?]
Searching for DFU device [1EAF:0003]...
Assuming the board is in perpetual bootloader mode and continuing to attempt dfu programming...
dfu-util - (C) 2007-2008 by OpenMoko Inc.
Initially I had some problems deploying my software because I hadn’t followed the instructions and run the installation batch file.
I configured the device to upload to my Azure IoT Hub/Azure IoT Central gateway and after getting the device name configuration right it has been running reliably for a couple of days
Azure IoT Central Temperature and humidity
The device was sitting outside on the deck and rapid increase in temperature is me bringing it inside.
The RFM69CW/RFM69HCW modules (based on the Semtech SX1231/SX1231H) have built in support for addressing individual devices (register RegNodeAdrs 0x39) or broadcasting to groups of devices (register RegBroadcastAdrs 0x3A). In this test harness I’m exploring the RFM69 device support for these two different addressing modes which is configured in RegPacketConfig1 0x37.
RFM69 Address filtering options
The fixed length packet format contains the following fields
Preamble (1010…)
Sync word (Network ID)
Optional Address byte (Node ID)
Message data
Optional 2-bytes CRC checksum
Fixed length packet format
The variable length packet format contains the following fields
Preamble (1010…)
Sync word (Network ID)
Length byte
Optional Address byte (Node ID)
Message data
Optional 2-bytes CRC checksum
Variable length packet format
My first attempt at addressing was by modifying the payload (the extra space at the start of the payload was replaced by the target device address)
Initially it truncated messages because I neglected to include the byte with the length of the message in the length of the message. I also had to extend the timeout for sending a message a bit more than I expected for one extra byte.
bool RMRFM69::bSendMessage(byte address, byte msg[], byte length)
{
byte tmp;
uint32_t overtime;
word bittime;
switch(COB)
{
case RFM65: //only for Rx
case RFM65C:
return(false);
case RFM69H:
case RFM69HC:
vSpiWrite(((word)RegTestPa1<<8)+0x5D); //for HighPower
vSpiWrite(((word)RegTestPa2<<8)+0x7C);
break;
default:
case RFM69:
case RFM69C:
vSpiWrite(((word)RegTestPa1<<8)+0x55); //for NormalMode or RxMode
vSpiWrite(((word)RegTestPa2<<8)+0x70);
break;
}
vSpiWrite(((word)RegDioMapping1<<8)+0x04); //DIO0 PacketSend / DIO1 FiflLevel / DIO2 Data /DIO3 FifoFull
if(!FixedPktLength)
vSpiWrite(((word)RegFifo<<8)+length+1);
vSpiWrite(((word)RegFifo<<8)+address);
vSpiBurstWrite(RegFifo, msg, length);
tmp = bSpiRead(RegOpMode);
tmp&= MODE_MASK;
tmp |= RADIO_TX;
vSpiWrite(((word)RegOpMode<<8)+tmp);
//�ȴ��������
bittime = SymbolTime/1000; //unit: us
overtime = SyncLength+PreambleLength+length+1;
if(!FixedPktLength) //SyncWord & PktLength & 2ByteCRC
overtime += 1;
if(!CrcDisable)
overtime += 2;
overtime<<=3; //8bit == 1byte
overtime*= bittime;
overtime/= 1000; //unit: ms
if(overtime==0)
overtime = 1;
overtime += (overtime>>3); //add 12.5% for ensure
delay(overtime); //
for(tmp=0;tmp<1000;tmp++) //about 50ms for overtime
{
if(digitalRead(_dio0Pin))
break;
delayMicroseconds(500);
}
vGoStandby();
if(tmp>=200)
return(false);
else
return(true);
}
The Windows 10 IoT Core library interrupt handler needed some modification to display message only when the address matched and I also displayed the targeted address so I could check that device and broadcast addressing was working
/*
Copyright ® 2019 July devMobile Software, All Rights Reserved
MIT License
Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
copies or substantial portions of the Software.
THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
SOFTWARE
*/
namespace devMobile.IoT.Rfm69Hcw.Addressing
{
using System;
using System.Diagnostics;
using System.Runtime.InteropServices.WindowsRuntime;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using Windows.ApplicationModel.Background;
using Windows.Devices.Gpio;
using Windows.Devices.Spi;
public sealed class Rfm69HcwDevice
{
private SpiDevice Rfm69Hcw;
private GpioPin InterruptGpioPin = null;
private const byte RegisterAddressReadMask = 0X7f;
private const byte RegisterAddressWriteMask = 0x80;
public Rfm69HcwDevice(int chipSelectPin, int resetPin, int interruptPin)
{
SpiController spiController = SpiController.GetDefaultAsync().AsTask().GetAwaiter().GetResult();
var settings = new SpiConnectionSettings(chipSelectPin)
{
ClockFrequency = 500000,
Mode = SpiMode.Mode0,
};
// Factory reset pin configuration
GpioController gpioController = GpioController.GetDefault();
GpioPin resetGpioPin = gpioController.OpenPin(resetPin);
resetGpioPin.SetDriveMode(GpioPinDriveMode.Output);
resetGpioPin.Write(GpioPinValue.High);
Task.Delay(100);
resetGpioPin.Write(GpioPinValue.Low);
Task.Delay(10);
// Interrupt pin for RX message & TX done notification
InterruptGpioPin = gpioController.OpenPin(interruptPin);
resetGpioPin.SetDriveMode(GpioPinDriveMode.Input);
InterruptGpioPin.ValueChanged += InterruptGpioPin_ValueChanged;
Rfm69Hcw = spiController.GetDevice(settings);
}
private void InterruptGpioPin_ValueChanged(GpioPin sender, GpioPinValueChangedEventArgs args)
{
if (args.Edge != GpioPinEdge.RisingEdge)
{
return;
}
byte irqFlags2 = this.RegisterReadByte(0x28); // RegIrqFlags2
Debug.WriteLine("{0:HH:mm:ss.fff} RegIrqFlags2 {1}", DateTime.Now, Convert.ToString((byte)irqFlags2, 2).PadLeft(8, '0'));
if ((irqFlags2 & 0b00000100) == 0b00000100) // PayLoadReady set
{
byte irqFlags1 = this.RegisterReadByte(0x27); // RegIrqFlags1
// Read the length of the buffer
byte numberOfBytes = this.RegisterReadByte(0x0);
Debug.WriteLine("{0:HH:mm:ss.fff} RegIrqFlags1 {1}", DateTime.Now, Convert.ToString((byte)irqFlags1, 2).PadLeft(8, '0'));
if ((irqFlags1 & 0b00000001) == 0b00000001) // SyncAddressMatch
{
byte address = this.RegisterReadByte(0x0);
Debug.WriteLine("{0:HH:mm:ss.fff} Address 0X{1:X2} b{2}", DateTime.Now, address, Convert.ToString((byte)address, 2).PadLeft(8, '0'));
numberOfBytes--;
}
// Allocate buffer for message
byte[] messageBytes = new byte[numberOfBytes];
for (int i = 0; i < numberOfBytes; i++)
{
messageBytes[i] = this.RegisterReadByte(0x00); // RegFifo
}
string messageText = UTF8Encoding.UTF8.GetString(messageBytes);
Debug.WriteLine("{0:HH:mm:ss} Received:{1} byte message({2})", DateTime.Now, messageBytes.Length, messageText);
}
if ((irqFlags2 & 0b00001000) == 0b00001000) // PacketSent set
{
this.RegisterWriteByte(0x01, 0b00010000); // RegOpMode set ReceiveMode
Debug.WriteLine("{0:HH:mm:ss.fff} Transmit-Done", DateTime.Now);
}
}
public Byte RegisterReadByte(byte address)
{
byte[] writeBuffer = new byte[] { address &= RegisterAddressReadMask };
byte[] readBuffer = new byte[1];
Debug.Assert(Rfm69Hcw != null);
Rfm69Hcw.TransferSequential(writeBuffer, readBuffer);
return readBuffer[0];
}
public byte[] RegisterRead(byte address, int length)
{
byte[] writeBuffer = new byte[] { address &= RegisterAddressReadMask };
byte[] readBuffer = new byte[length];
Debug.Assert(Rfm69Hcw != null);
Rfm69Hcw.TransferSequential(writeBuffer, readBuffer);
return readBuffer;
}
public void RegisterWriteByte(byte address, byte value)
{
byte[] writeBuffer = new byte[] { address |= RegisterAddressWriteMask, value };
Debug.Assert(Rfm69Hcw != null);
Rfm69Hcw.Write(writeBuffer);
}
public void RegisterWrite(byte address, [ReadOnlyArray()] byte[] bytes)
{
byte[] writeBuffer = new byte[1 + bytes.Length];
Debug.Assert(Rfm69Hcw != null);
Array.Copy(bytes, 0, writeBuffer, 1, bytes.Length);
writeBuffer[0] = address |= RegisterAddressWriteMask;
Rfm69Hcw.Write(writeBuffer);
}
public void RegisterDump()
{
Debug.WriteLine("Register dump");
for (byte registerIndex = 0; registerIndex <= 0x3D; registerIndex++)
{
byte registerValue = this.RegisterReadByte(registerIndex);
Debug.WriteLine("Register 0x{0:x2} - Value 0X{1:x2} - Bits {2}", registerIndex, registerValue, Convert.ToString(registerValue, 2).PadLeft(8, '0'));
}
}
}
public sealed class StartupTask : IBackgroundTask
{
private const int ChipSelectLine = 1;
private const int ResetPin = 25;
private const int InterruptPin = 22;
private Rfm69HcwDevice rfm69Device = new Rfm69HcwDevice(ChipSelectLine, ResetPin, InterruptPin);
const double RH_RF6M9HCW_FXOSC = 32000000.0;
const double RH_RFM69HCW_FSTEP = RH_RF6M9HCW_FXOSC / 524288.0;
public void Run(IBackgroundTaskInstance taskInstance)
{
//rfm69Device.RegisterDump();
// regOpMode standby
rfm69Device.RegisterWriteByte(0x01, 0b00000100);
// BitRate MSB/LSB
rfm69Device.RegisterWriteByte(0x03, 0x34);
rfm69Device.RegisterWriteByte(0x04, 0x00);
// Frequency deviation
rfm69Device.RegisterWriteByte(0x05, 0x02);
rfm69Device.RegisterWriteByte(0x06, 0x3d);
// Calculate the frequency accoring to the datasheett
byte[] bytes = BitConverter.GetBytes((uint)(915000000.0 / RH_RFM69HCW_FSTEP));
Debug.WriteLine("Byte Hex 0x{0:x2} 0x{1:x2} 0x{2:x2} 0x{3:x2}", bytes[0], bytes[1], bytes[2], bytes[3]);
rfm69Device.RegisterWriteByte(0x07, bytes[2]);
rfm69Device.RegisterWriteByte(0x08, bytes[1]);
rfm69Device.RegisterWriteByte(0x09, bytes[0]);
// RegRxBW
rfm69Device.RegisterWriteByte(0x19, 0x2a);
// RegDioMapping1
rfm69Device.RegisterWriteByte(0x26, 0x01);
// Setup preamble length to 16 (default is 3) RegPreambleMsb RegPreambleLsb
rfm69Device.RegisterWriteByte(0x2C, 0x0);
rfm69Device.RegisterWriteByte(0x2D, 0x10);
// RegSyncConfig Set the Sync length and byte values SyncOn + 3 custom sync bytes
rfm69Device.RegisterWriteByte(0x2e, 0x90);
// RegSyncValues1 thru RegSyncValues3
rfm69Device.RegisterWriteByte(0x2f, 0xAA);
rfm69Device.RegisterWriteByte(0x30, 0x2D);
rfm69Device.RegisterWriteByte(0x31, 0xD4);
// RegPacketConfig1 Variable length with CRC on
//rfm69Device.RegisterWriteByte(0x37, 0x90);
// RegPacketConfig1 Variable length with CRC on + NodeAddress
//rfm69Device.RegisterWriteByte(0x37, 0x92);
// RegPacketConfig1 Variable length with CRC on + NodeAddress & Broadcast Address
rfm69Device.RegisterWriteByte(0x37, 0x94);
// RegNodeAdrs
rfm69Device.RegisterWriteByte(0x39, 0x99);
// RegBroadcastAdrs
rfm69Device.RegisterWriteByte(0x3A, 0x66);
rfm69Device.RegisterDump();
rfm69Device.RegisterWriteByte(0x01, 0b00010000); // RegOpMode set ReceiveMode
while (true)
{
Debug.Write(".");
Task.Delay(1000).Wait();
}
}
}
}
The debug output window shows the flags and messages
The next steps will be getting the RFM69 message encryption going, then building a fully featured library based on the code in each of individual test harnesses.
I started by merging the transmit and receiveinterrupt samples, taking into account the simplexRFM69HCW radio link. I modified the code in the interrupt handler to process receive and transmit interrupts based on bit flags set in RegIrqFlags2.
The receive interrupt handler loads the inbound message (Need to set CRC checking flag) into a buffer for display. The transmit interrupt handler sets RegOpMode to receive mode and enables PayloadReady interrupts as soon as the outbound message had been sent.
/*
Copyright ® 2019 July devMobile Software, All Rights Reserved
MIT License
Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
copies or substantial portions of the Software.
THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
SOFTWARE
*/
namespace devMobile.IoT.Rfm69Hcw.ReceiveTransmitInterrupt
{
using System;
using System.Diagnostics;
using System.Runtime.InteropServices.WindowsRuntime;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using Windows.ApplicationModel.Background;
using Windows.Devices.Gpio;
using Windows.Devices.Spi;
public sealed class Rfm69HcwDevice
{
private SpiDevice Rfm69Hcw;
private GpioPin InterruptGpioPin = null;
private const byte RegisterAddressReadMask = 0X7f;
private const byte RegisterAddressWriteMask = 0x80;
public Rfm69HcwDevice(int chipSelectPin, int resetPin, int interruptPin)
{
SpiController spiController = SpiController.GetDefaultAsync().AsTask().GetAwaiter().GetResult();
var settings = new SpiConnectionSettings(chipSelectPin)
{
ClockFrequency = 500000,
Mode = SpiMode.Mode0,
};
// Factory reset pin configuration
GpioController gpioController = GpioController.GetDefault();
GpioPin resetGpioPin = gpioController.OpenPin(resetPin);
resetGpioPin.SetDriveMode(GpioPinDriveMode.Output);
resetGpioPin.Write(GpioPinValue.High);
Task.Delay(100);
resetGpioPin.Write(GpioPinValue.Low);
Task.Delay(10);
// Interrupt pin for RX message & TX done notification
InterruptGpioPin = gpioController.OpenPin(interruptPin);
resetGpioPin.SetDriveMode(GpioPinDriveMode.Input);
InterruptGpioPin.ValueChanged += InterruptGpioPin_ValueChanged;
Rfm69Hcw = spiController.GetDevice(settings);
}
private void InterruptGpioPin_ValueChanged(GpioPin sender, GpioPinValueChangedEventArgs args)
{
if (args.Edge != GpioPinEdge.RisingEdge)
{
return;
}
byte irqFlags = this.RegisterReadByte(0x28); // RegIrqFlags2
Debug.WriteLine("{0:HH:mm:ss.fff} RegIrqFlags {1}", DateTime.Now, Convert.ToString((byte)irqFlags, 2).PadLeft(8, '0'));
if ((irqFlags & 0b00000100) == 0b00000100) // PayLoadReady set
{
// Read the length of the buffer
byte numberOfBytes = this.RegisterReadByte(0x0);
// Allocate buffer for message
byte[] messageBytes = new byte[numberOfBytes];
for (int i = 0; i < numberOfBytes; i++)
{
messageBytes[i] = this.RegisterReadByte(0x00); // RegFifo
}
string messageText = UTF8Encoding.UTF8.GetString(messageBytes);
Debug.WriteLine("{0:HH:mm:ss} Received {1} byte message {2}", DateTime.Now, messageBytes.Length, messageText);
}
if ((irqFlags & 0b00001000) == 0b00001000) // PacketSent set
{
this.RegisterWriteByte(0x01, 0b00010000); // RegOpMode set ReceiveMode
Debug.WriteLine("{0:HH:mm:ss.fff} Transmit-Done", DateTime.Now);
}
}
public Byte RegisterReadByte(byte address)
{
byte[] writeBuffer = new byte[] { address &= RegisterAddressReadMask };
byte[] readBuffer = new byte[1];
Debug.Assert(Rfm69Hcw != null);
Rfm69Hcw.TransferSequential(writeBuffer, readBuffer);
return readBuffer[0];
}
public ushort RegisterReadWord(byte address)
{
byte[] writeBuffer = new byte[] { address &= RegisterAddressReadMask };
byte[] readBuffer = new byte[2];
Debug.Assert(Rfm69Hcw != null);
Rfm69Hcw.TransferSequential(writeBuffer, readBuffer);
return (ushort)(readBuffer[1] + (readBuffer[0] << 8));
}
public void RegisterWriteByte(byte address, byte value)
{
byte[] writeBuffer = new byte[] { address |= RegisterAddressWriteMask, value };
Debug.Assert(Rfm69Hcw != null);
Rfm69Hcw.Write(writeBuffer);
}
public void RegisterWriteWord(byte address, ushort value)
{
byte[] valueBytes = BitConverter.GetBytes(value);
byte[] writeBuffer = new byte[] { address |= RegisterAddressWriteMask, valueBytes[0], valueBytes[1] };
Debug.Assert(Rfm69Hcw != null);
Rfm69Hcw.Write(writeBuffer);
}
public void RegisterDump()
{
Debug.WriteLine("Register dump");
for (byte registerIndex = 0; registerIndex <= 0x3D; registerIndex++)
{
byte registerValue = this.RegisterReadByte(registerIndex);
Debug.WriteLine("Register 0x{0:x2} - Value 0X{1:x2} - Bits {2}", registerIndex, registerValue, Convert.ToString(registerValue, 2).PadLeft(8, '0'));
}
}
}
public sealed class StartupTask : IBackgroundTask
{
private const int ChipSelectLine = 1;
private const int ResetPin = 25;
private const int InterruptPin = 22;
private Rfm69HcwDevice rfm69Device = new Rfm69HcwDevice(ChipSelectLine, ResetPin, InterruptPin);
const double RH_RF6M9HCW_FXOSC = 32000000.0;
const double RH_RFM69HCW_FSTEP = RH_RF6M9HCW_FXOSC / 524288.0;
public void Run(IBackgroundTaskInstance taskInstance)
{
//rfm69Device.RegisterDump();
// regOpMode standby
rfm69Device.RegisterWriteByte(0x01, 0b00000100);
// BitRate MSB/LSB
rfm69Device.RegisterWriteByte(0x03, 0x34);
rfm69Device.RegisterWriteByte(0x04, 0x00);
// Frequency deviation
rfm69Device.RegisterWriteByte(0x05, 0x02);
rfm69Device.RegisterWriteByte(0x06, 0x3d);
// Calculate the frequency accoring to the datasheett
byte[] bytes = BitConverter.GetBytes((uint)(915000000.0 / RH_RFM69HCW_FSTEP));
Debug.WriteLine("Byte Hex 0x{0:x2} 0x{1:x2} 0x{2:x2} 0x{3:x2}", bytes[0], bytes[1], bytes[2], bytes[3]);
rfm69Device.RegisterWriteByte(0x07, bytes[2]);
rfm69Device.RegisterWriteByte(0x08, bytes[1]);
rfm69Device.RegisterWriteByte(0x09, bytes[0]);
// RegRxBW
rfm69Device.RegisterWriteByte(0x19, 0x2a);
// RegDioMapping1
rfm69Device.RegisterWriteByte(0x26, 0x01);
// Setup preamble length to 16 (default is 3) RegPreambleMsb RegPreambleLsb
rfm69Device.RegisterWriteByte(0x2C, 0x0);
rfm69Device.RegisterWriteByte(0x2D, 0x10);
// RegSyncConfig Set the Sync length and byte values SyncOn + 3 custom sync bytes
rfm69Device.RegisterWriteByte(0x2e, 0x90);
// RegSyncValues1 thru RegSyncValues3
rfm69Device.RegisterWriteByte(0x2f, 0xAA);
rfm69Device.RegisterWriteByte(0x30, 0x2D);
rfm69Device.RegisterWriteByte(0x31, 0xD4);
// RegPacketConfig1 Variable length with CRC on
rfm69Device.RegisterWriteByte(0x37, 0x90);
rfm69Device.RegisterDump();
while (true)
{
// Standby mode while loading message into FIFO
rfm69Device.RegisterWriteByte(0x01, 0b00000100);
byte[] messageBuffer = UTF8Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes("hello world " + DateTime.Now.ToLongTimeString());
rfm69Device.RegisterWriteByte(0x0, (byte)messageBuffer.Length);
rfm69Device.RegisterWrite(0x0, messageBuffer);
// Transmit mode once FIFO loaded
rfm69Device.RegisterWriteByte(0x01, 0b00001100);
Debug.WriteLine("{0:HH:mm:ss.fff} Send-Done", DateTime.Now);
Task.Delay(5000).Wait();
}
}
}
}
Arduino based transmit and receive test rig
I used the same Arduino devices and code as my receive and transmit samples. After sorting out the timing for enabling receive mode on the Windows 10IoT Core the transmission and receiving of packets was reliable (as long as two devices weren’t transmitting at the same time).
Byte Hex 0x00 0xc0 0xe4 0x00
Register dump
Register 0x00 - Value 0X00 - Bits 00000000
Register 0x01 - Value 0X04 - Bits 00000100
Register 0x02 - Value 0X00 - Bits 00000000
…
Register 0x3b - Value 0X00 - Bits 00000000
Register 0x3c - Value 0X0f - Bits 00001111
Register 0x3d - Value 0X02 - Bits 00000010
20:20:14.952 Send-Done
20:20:15.146 RegIrqFlags 00001000
20:20:15.160 Transmit-Done
20:20:15.298 RegIrqFlags 01000110
20:20:15 Received 14 byte message Hello world:89
20:20:17.429 RegIrqFlags 01000110
20:20:17 Received 14 byte message Hello world:90
The thread 0x1658 has exited with code 0 (0x0).
The thread 0x15cc has exited with code 0 (0x0).
20:20:19.560 RegIrqFlags 01000110
20:20:19 Received 14 byte message Hello world:91
20:20:20.031 Send-Done
20:20:20.178 RegIrqFlags 00001000
20:20:20.194 Transmit-Done
The above trace is from the Windows 10 IoT Core device as it transmits and receives messages.
The above trace is from the Arduino device configured to receive messages and it is receiving messages from the Windows 10 IoT Core device and the other Arduino.
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