Azure IOT Hub and Event Grid Part2

Posted on January 25, 2020 by devmobilenz

I did notice that the .DeviceConnected and .DeviceDisconnected events did take a while to arrive. When I started the field gateway application on the Windows 10 IoT Core device I would get several DeviceTelemetry events before the DeviceConnected event arrived.

I was using Advanced Message Queueing Protocol (AMQP) so I modified the configuration file so I could try all the available options.

C# TransportType enumeration

namespace Microsoft.Azure.Devices.Client
{
	//
	// Summary:
	//     Transport types supported by DeviceClient - AMQP/TCP, HTTP 1.1, MQTT/TCP, AMQP/WS,
	//     MQTT/WS
	public enum TransportType
	{
		//
		// Summary:
		//     Advanced Message Queuing Protocol transport. Try Amqp over TCP first and fallback
		//     to Amqp over WebSocket if that fails
		Amqp = 0,
		//
		// Summary:
		//     HyperText Transfer Protocol version 1 transport.
		Http1 = 1,
		//
		// Summary:
		//     Advanced Message Queuing Protocol transport over WebSocket only.
		Amqp_WebSocket_Only = 2,
		//
		// Summary:
		//     Advanced Message Queuing Protocol transport over native TCP only
		Amqp_Tcp_Only = 3,
		//
		// Summary:
		//     Message Queuing Telemetry Transport. Try Mqtt over TCP first and fallback to
		//     Mqtt over WebSocket if that fails
		Mqtt = 4,
		//
		// Summary:
		//     Message Queuing Telemetry Transport over Websocket only.
		Mqtt_WebSocket_Only = 5,
		//
		// Summary:
		//     Message Queuing Telemetry Transport over native TCP only
		Mqtt_Tcp_Only = 6
	}
}

Windows 10 IoT Core LoRa Telemetry Field gateway config.json file

{
   "AzureIoTHubDeviceConnectionString": "HostName=FieldGatewayHub.azure-devices.net;DeviceId=LoRa915MHz;SharedAccessKey=y12345678901234567890123456789012345678/arg=",

   "AzureIoTHubTransportType-Amqp": "amqp",
   "AzureIoTHubTransportType-Http1": "Http1",
   "AzureIoTHubTransportType-Amqp_WebSocket_Only": "Amqp_WebSocket_Only",
   "AzureIoTHubTransportType-Amqp_Tcp_Only": "Amqp_Tcp_Only",
   "AzureIoTHubTransportType-Mqtt": "Mqtt",
   "AzureIoTHubTransportType-Mqtt_WebSocket_Only": "Mqtt_WebSocket_Only",
   "AzureIoTHubTransportType-Amqp": "Mqtt_Tcp_Only",

   "AzureIoTHubTransportType": "Mqtt_Tcp_Only",
   "SensorIDIsDeviceIDSensorID": false,
   "Address": "LoRaIoT1",
   "Frequency": 915000000.0,
   "PABoost": true
}

So in alphabetical order here are my not terribly scientific results

AMQP

Device Telemetry messages

{
"id":"07e9a772-d86a-963d-139a-9d2ea2a0866c",
"topic":"/SUBSCRIPTIONS/12345678-9012-3456-7890-D12345678901/RESOURCEGROUPS/AZUREIOTHUBEVENTGRIDAZUREFUNCTION/PROVIDERS/MICROSOFT.DEVICES/IOTHUBS/FIELDGATEWAYHUB",
"subject":"devices/LoRa915MHz",
"eventType":"Microsoft.Devices.DeviceTelemetry","eventTime":"2020-01-25T00:57:18.477Z",
"data":{"properties":{},
"systemProperties":{"iothub-connection-device-id":"LoRa915MHz","iothub-connection-auth-method":"{\"scope\":\"device\",\"type\":\"sas\",\"issuer\":\"iothub\",\"acceptingIpFilterRule\":null}",
"iothub-connection-auth-generation-id":"637149227434620853",
"iothub-enqueuedtime":"2020-01-25T00:57:18.477Z",
"iothub-message-source":"Telemetry"},
"body":"eyJQYWNrZXRTTlIiOiIxMC4wIiwiUGFja2V0UlNTSSI6LTcxLCJSU1NJIjotMTEwLCJEZXZpY2VBZGRyZXNzQkNEIjoiNEQtNjEtNjQtNzUtNjktNkUtNkYtMzIiLCJhdCI6Ijg0LjAiLCJhaCI6IjUwIiwid3NhIjoiMSIsIndzZyI6IjMiLCJ3ZCI6IjE5My44OCIsInIiOiIwLjAwIn0="},
"dataVersion":"",
"metadataVersion":"1"
}
…
{
"id":"ca8e8531-10da-ec99-aad7-49e68f3f9500","topic":"/SUBSCRIPTIONS/712345678-9012-3456-7890-D12345678901/RESOURCEGROUPS/AZUREIOTHUBEVENTGRIDAZUREFUNCTION/PROVIDERS/MICROSOFT.DEVICES/IOTHUBS/FIELDGATEWAYHUB",
"subject":"devices/LoRa915MHz",
"eventType":"Microsoft.Devices.DeviceTelemetry",
"eventTime":"2020-01-25T01:02:23.377Z",
"data":{
"properties":{},
"systemProperties":{"iothub-connection-device-id":"LoRa915MHz",
"iothub-connection-auth-method":"{\"scope\":\"device\",\"type\":\"sas\",\"issuer\":\"iothub\",\"acceptingIpFilterRule\":null}",
"iothub-connection-auth-generation-id":"637149227434620853",
"iothub-enqueuedtime":"2020-01-25T01:02:23.377Z",
"iothub-message-source":"Telemetry"},
"body":"eyJQYWNrZXRTTlIiOiI5LjgiLCJQYWNrZXRSU1NJIjotNzAsIlJTU0kiOi0xMDgsIkRldmljZUFkZHJlc3NCQ0QiOiI0RC02MS02NC03NS02OS02RS02Ri0zMiIsImF0IjoiODUuMSIsImFoIjoiNTEiLCJ3c2EiOiIxIiwid3NnIjoiMyIsIndkIjoiMjM5LjI1IiwiciI6IjAuMDAifQ=="},
"dataVersion":"",
"metadataVersion":"1"
}

Device connectivity messages

{
"id":"d8a393ff-6549-69d2-d728-37eee2437693",
"source":"/SUBSCRIPTIONS/12345678-9012-3456-7890-D12345678901/RESOURCEGROUPS/AZUREIOTHUBEVENTGRIDAZUREFUNCTION/PROVIDERS/MICROSOFT.DEVICES/IOTHUBS/FIELDGATEWAYHUB",
"specversion":"1.0",
"type":"Microsoft.Devices.DeviceConnected",
"dataschema":"#",
"subject":"devices/LoRa915MHz",
"time":"2020-01-25T01:01:28.4887191Z","data":{"deviceConnectionStateEventInfo":{"sequenceNumber":"000000000000000001D5CDC11D3AACA90000000700000000000000000000001E"},
"hubName":"FieldGatewayHub",
"deviceId":"LoRa915MHz"}
}

{
"id":"b345d18a-bdf5-3397-35c1-fd5c35046d85",
"source":"/SUBSCRIPTIONS/12345678-9012-3456-7890-D12345678901/RESOURCEGROUPS/AZUREIOTHUBEVENTGRIDAZUREFUNCTION/PROVIDERS/MICROSOFT.DEVICES/IOTHUBS/FIELDGATEWAYHUB",
"specversion":"1.0",
"type":"Microsoft.Devices.DeviceDisconnected",
"dataschema":"#",
"subject":"devices/LoRa915MHz",
"time":"2020-01-25T01:02:24.9605306Z",
"data":{"deviceConnectionStateEventInfo":{"sequenceNumber":"000000000000000001D5CDC11D3AACA90000000700000000000000000000001F"},
"hubName":"FieldGatewayHub",
"deviceId":"LoRa915MHz"}
}

The first telemetry data arrived 00:57:18, the DeviceConnected arrived 01:01:28 so approximately a 4 minute delay, the DeviceDisconnected arrived within a minute of me shutting the device down.

Amqp-Tcp-Only

Device Telemetry messages

{
"id":"b8cdbc73-5cb8-134c-a328-beed47be5f27",
"topic":"/SUBSCRIPTIONS/12345678-9012-3456-7890-D12345678901/RESOURCEGROUPS/AZUREIOTHUBEVENTGRIDAZUREFUNCTION/PROVIDERS/MICROSOFT.DEVICES/IOTHUBS/FIELDGATEWAYHUB","subject":"devices/LoRa915MHz",
"eventType":"Microsoft.Devices.DeviceTelemetry",
"eventTime":"2020-01-25T04:16:48.732Z",
"data":{"properties":{},
"systemProperties":{"iothub-connection-device-id":"LoRa915MHz",
"iothub-connection-auth-method":"{\"scope\":\"device\",\"type\":\"sas\",\"issuer\":\"iothub\",\"acceptingIpFilterRule\":null}",
"iothub-connection-auth-generation-id":"637149227434620853",
"iothub-enqueuedtime":"2020-01-25T04:16:48.732Z",
"iothub-message-source":"Telemetry"},
"body":"eyJQYWNrZXRTTlIiOiI5LjUiLCJQYWNrZXRSU1NJIjotNzIsIlJTU0kiOi0xMDcsIkRldmljZUFkZHJlc3NCQ0QiOiI0RC02MS02NC03NS02OS02RS02Ri0zMiIsImF0IjoiODYuNSIsImFoIjoiNDUiLCJ3c2EiOiIxIiwid3NnIjoiMiIsIndkIjoiOTkuNzUiLCJyIjoiMC4wMCJ9"},
"dataVersion":"",
"metadataVersion":"1"
}
...
{
"id":"56aaf46d-e1ee-9419-2621-aa97c0564778",
"topic":"/SUBSCRIPTIONS/12345678-9012-3456-7890-D12345678901/RESOURCEGROUPS/AZUREIOTHUBEVENTGRIDAZUREFUNCTION/PROVIDERS/MICROSOFT.DEVICES/IOTHUBS/FIELDGATEWAYHUB",
"subject":"devices/LoRa915MHz",
"eventType":"Microsoft.Devices.DeviceTelemetry",
"eventTime":"2020-01-25T04:21:53.402Z",
"data":{"properties":{},
"systemProperties":{"iothub-connection-device-id":"LoRa915MHz",
"iothub-connection-auth-method":"{\"scope\":\"device\",\"type\":\"sas\",\"issuer\":\"iothub\",\"acceptingIpFilterRule\":null}",
"iothub-connection-auth-generation-id":"637149227434620853",
"iothub-enqueuedtime":"2020-01-25T04:21:53.402Z",
"iothub-message-source":"Telemetry"},
"body":"eyJQYWNrZXRTTlIiOiI5LjUiLCJQYWNrZXRSU1NJIjotNzEsIlJTU0kiOi0xMDksIkRldmljZUFkZHJlc3NCQ0QiOiI0RC02MS02NC03NS02OS02RS02Ri0zMiIsImF0IjoiODQuOSIsImFoIjoiNDYiLCJ3c2EiOiIzIiwid3NnIjoiNyIsIndkIjoiMjE3LjUwIiwiciI6IjAuMDAifQ=="},
"dataVersion":"",
"metadataVersion":"1"
}

Device connectivity messages

{
"id":"a157468c-7d65-00b1-73d6-12e43fd1356b",
"source":"/SUBSCRIPTIONS/12345678-9012-3456-7890-D12345678901/RESOURCEGROUPS/AZUREIOTHUBEVENTGRIDAZUREFUNCTION/PROVIDERS/MICROSOFT.DEVICES/IOTHUBS/FIELDGATEWAYHUB",
"specversion":"1.0",
"type":"Microsoft.Devices.DeviceConnected",
"dataschema":"#",
"subject":"devices/LoRa915MHz",
"time":"2020-01-25T04:20:39.7309538Z",
"data":{"deviceConnectionStateEventInfo":{"sequenceNumber":"000000000000000001D5CDC11D3AACA900000007000000000000000000000026"},
"hubName":"FieldGatewayHub",
"deviceId":"LoRa915MHz"}
}

{
"id":"2e6d7e57-3db3-9e1d-c01b-b0f787b16e05",
"source":"/SUBSCRIPTIONS/12345678-9012-3456-7890-D12345678901/RESOURCEGROUPS/AZUREIOTHUBEVENTGRIDAZUREFUNCTION/PROVIDERS/MICROSOFT.DEVICES/IOTHUBS/FIELDGATEWAYHUB",
"specversion":"1.0",
"type":"Microsoft.Devices.DeviceDisconnected",
"dataschema":"#",
"subject":"devices/LoRa915MHz",
"time":"2020-01-25T04:22:33.5276985Z",
"data":{"deviceConnectionStateEventInfo":{"sequenceNumber":"000000000000000001D5CDC11D3AACA900000007000000000000000000000027"},
"hubName":"FieldGatewayHub",
"deviceId":"LoRa915MHz"}
}

The first telemetry data arrived 04:16:48, the DeviceConnected arrived 04:20:39 so approximately a 4 minute delay, the DeviceDisconnected arrived within a minute of me shutting the device down.

Amqp WebSocket Only

Device Telemetry messages

{
"id":"f82943da-425c-f49c-49b0-13ff2609544b",
"source":"/SUBSCRIPTIONS/12345678-9012-3456-7890-D12345678901/RESOURCEGROUPS/AZUREIOTHUBEVENTGRIDAZUREFUNCTION/PROVIDERS/MICROSOFT.DEVICES/IOTHUBS/FIELDGATEWAYHUB",
"specversion":"1.0",
"type":"Microsoft.Devices.DeviceTelemetry",
"dataschema":"#",
"subject":"devices/LoRa915MHz",
"time":"2020-01-25T04:05:36.723Z",
"data":{"properties":{},
"systemProperties":{"iothub-connection-device-id":"LoRa915MHz",
"iothub-connection-auth-method":"{\"scope\":\"device\",\"type\":\"sas\",\"issuer\":\"iothub\",\"acceptingIpFilterRule\":null}",
"iothub-connection-auth-generation-id":"637149227434620853",
"iothub-enqueuedtime":"2020-01-25T04:05:36.723Z",
"iothub-message-source":"Telemetry"},
"body":"eyJQYWNrZXRTTlIiOiI5LjMiLCJQYWNrZXRSU1NJIjotNzEsIlJTU0kiOi0xMDksIkRldmljZUFkZHJlc3NCQ0QiOiI0RC02MS02NC03NS02OS02RS02Ri0zMiIsImF0IjoiODUuMyIsImFoIjoiNDMiLCJ3c2EiOiIyIiwid3NnIjoiMyIsIndkIjoiMjcyLjYzIiwiciI6IjAuMDAifQ=="}
}
...
{
"id":"8419d4f7-3340-8e29-6370-29f95d40e68c",
"source":"/SUBSCRIPTIONS/12345678-9012-3456-7890-D12345678901/RESOURCEGROUPS/AZUREIOTHUBEVENTGRIDAZUREFUNCTION/PROVIDERS/MICROSOFT.DEVICES/IOTHUBS/FIELDGATEWAYHUB",
"specversion":"1.0",
"type":"Microsoft.Devices.DeviceTelemetry",
"dataschema":"#",
"subject":"devices/LoRa915MHz",
"time":"2020-01-25T04:11:42.684Z",
"data":{"properties":{},"systemProperties":{"iothub-connection-device-id":"LoRa915MHz",
"iothub-connection-auth-method":"{\"scope\":\"device\",\"type\":\"sas\",\"issuer\":\"iothub\",\"acceptingIpFilterRule\":null}",
"iothub-connection-auth-generation-id":"637149227434620853",
"iothub-enqueuedtime":"2020-01-25T04:11:42.684Z",
"iothub-message-source":"Telemetry"},
"body":"eyJQYWNrZXRTTlIiOiI5LjgiLCJQYWNrZXRSU1NJIjotNzEsIlJTU0kiOi0xMTIsIkRldmljZUFkZHJlc3NCQ0QiOiI0RC02MS02NC03NS02OS02RS02Ri0zMiIsImF0IjoiODcuMyIsImFoIjoiNDMiLCJ3c2EiOiIxIiwid3NnIjoiMyIsIndkIjoiMjcuMDAiLCJyIjoiMC4wMCJ9"}
}

Device connectivity messages

{
"id":"7f10a3e3-0c2c-2b18-e38c-d5ea498304ab",
"source":"/SUBSCRIPTIONS/12345678-9012-3456-7890-D12345678901/RESOURCEGROUPS/AZUREIOTHUBEVENTGRIDAZUREFUNCTION/PROVIDERS/MICROSOFT.DEVICES/IOTHUBS/FIELDGATEWAYHUB",
"specversion":"1.0",
"type":"Microsoft.Devices.DeviceConnected",
"dataschema":"#",
"subject":"devices/LoRa915MHz",
"time":"2020-01-25T04:09:52.5786541Z",
"data":{"deviceConnectionStateEventInfo":{"sequenceNumber":"000000000000000001D5CDC11D3AACA900000007000000000000000000000024"},
"hubName":"FieldGatewayHub",
"deviceId":"LoRa915MHz"}
}

{"id":"474a695b-8c4f-e3fe-0b1b-b6bc6b6d4dbe",
"source":"/SUBSCRIPTIONS/12345678-9012-3456-7890-D12345678901/RESOURCEGROUPS/AZUREIOTHUBEVENTGRIDAZUREFUNCTION/PROVIDERS/MICROSOFT.DEVICES/IOTHUBS/FIELDGATEWAYHUB",
"specversion":"1.0",
"type":"Microsoft.Devices.DeviceDisconnected",
"dataschema":"#",
"subject":"devices/LoRa915MHz",
"time":"2020-01-25T04:11:53.076926Z",
"data":{"deviceConnectionStateEventInfo":{"sequenceNumber":"000000000000000001D5CDC11D3AACA900000007000000000000000000000025"},
"hubName":"FieldGatewayHub",
"deviceId":"LoRa915MHz"}
}

The first telemetry data arrived 04:05:36, DeviceConnected arrived 04:09:52 so approximately a 4 minute delay, the DeviceDisconnected arrived within a minute of me shutting the device down.

HTTP

I waited for 20 minutes and there wasn’t a DeviceConnected message which I sort of expected as HTTP is a connectionless protocol.

MQTT

Device Telemetry messages

{
"id":"bc26c412-c694-3954-5888-baa118cc9f88",
"source":"/SUBSCRIPTIONS/12345678-9012-3456-7890-D12345678901/RESOURCEGROUPS/AZUREIOTHUBEVENTGRIDAZUREFUNCTION/PROVIDERS/MICROSOFT.DEVICES/IOTHUBS/FIELDGATEWAYHUB",
"specversion":"1.0",
"type":"Microsoft.Devices.DeviceTelemetry",
"dataschema":"#",
"subject":"devices/LoRa915MHz","time":"2020-01-25T01:11:33.493Z",
"data":{"properties":{},
"systemProperties":{"iothub-connection-device-id":"LoRa915MHz",
"iothub-connection-auth-method":"{\"scope\":\"device\",\"type\":\"sas\",\"issuer\":\"iothub\",\"acceptingIpFilterRule\":null}",
"iothub-connection-auth-generation-id":"637149227434620853",
"iothub-enqueuedtime":"2020-01-25T01:11:33.493Z",
"iothub-message-source":"Telemetry"},
"body":"eyJQYWNrZXRTTlIiOiI5LjUiLCJQYWNrZXRSU1NJIjotNzEsIlJTU0kiOi0xMTEsIkRldmljZUFkZHJlc3NCQ0QiOiI0RC02MS02NC03NS02OS02RS02Ri0zMiIsImF0IjoiODUuNiIsImFoIjoiNTAiLCJ3c2EiOiIyIiwid3NnIjoiNCIsIndkIjoiMjg1LjAwIiwiciI6IjAuMDAifQ=="}
}
...
{
"id":"de95b90f-ac96-5c76-7a46-00f5a0eef8cf",
"source":"/SUBSCRIPTIONS/12345678-9012-3456-7890-D12345678901/RESOURCEGROUPS/AZUREIOTHUBEVENTGRIDAZUREFUNCTION/PROVIDERS/MICROSOFT.DEVICES/IOTHUBS/FIELDGATEWAYHUB",
"specversion":"1.0",
"type":"Microsoft.Devices.DeviceTelemetry",
"dataschema":"#",
"subject":"devices/LoRa915MHz",
"time":"2020-01-25T01:12:12.101Z",
"data":{"properties":{},
"systemProperties":{"iothub-connection-device-id":"LoRa915MHz","iothub-connection-auth-method":"{\"scope\":\"device\",\"type\":\"sas\",\"issuer\":\"iothub\",\"acceptingIpFilterRule\":null}",
"iothub-connection-auth-generation-id":"637149227434620853",
"iothub-enqueuedtime":"2020-01-25T01:12:12.101Z",
"iothub-message-source":"Telemetry"},
"body":"eyJQYWNrZXRTTlIiOiIxMC4wIiwiUGFja2V0UlNTSSI6LTU4LCJSU1NJIjotMTA5LCJEZXZpY2VBZGRyZXNzQkNEIjoiMDEtMjMtMjktMDctMjMtMEMtODgtNjMtRUUiLCJoIjoiMzQiLCJ0IjoiNDEuOCIsInMiOiI0IiwidiI6IjQuMDcifQ=="}
}

Device connectivity messages

{
"id":"f8f5ee54-394d-05e3-784d-87bc648e8267",
"source":"/SUBSCRIPTIONS/12345678-9012-3456-7890-D12345678901/RESOURCEGROUPS/AZUREIOTHUBEVENTGRIDAZUREFUNCTION/PROVIDERS/MICROSOFT.DEVICES/IOTHUBS/FIELDGATEWAYHUB",
"specversion":"1.0",
"type":"Microsoft.Devices.DeviceConnected",
"dataschema":"#",
"subject":"devices/LoRa915MHz",
"time":"2020-01-25T01:11:25.2530139Z",
"data":{"deviceConnectionStateEventInfo":{"sequenceNumber":"000000000000000001D5CDC11D3AACA900000007000000000000000000000020"},
"hubName":"FieldGatewayHub",
"deviceId":"LoRa915MHz"}
}

{
"id":"82d6aa6c-4c71-9623-a4ac-9e562345afad",
"source":"/SUBSCRIPTIONS/12345678-9012-3456-7890-D12345678901/RESOURCEGROUPS/AZUREIOTHUBEVENTGRIDAZUREFUNCTION/PROVIDERS/MICROSOFT.DEVICES/IOTHUBS/FIELDGATEWAYHUB",
"specversion":"1.0",
"type":"Microsoft.Devices.DeviceDisconnected",
"dataschema":"#",
"subject":"devices/LoRa915MHz",
"time":"2020-01-25T01:12:26.6368519Z",
"data":{"deviceConnectionStateEventInfo":{"sequenceNumber":"000000000000000001D5CDC11D3AACA900000007000000000000000000000021"},
"hubName":"FieldGatewayHub",
"deviceId":"LoRa915MHz"}
}

The first telemetry data arrived 01:11:33, the DeviceConnected arrived 01:11:25 so they arrived in order and within 10 seconds, the DeviceDisconnected arrived within a 15 seconds of me shutting the device down.

Mqtt-TCP-Only

Device Telemetry messages

{
"id":"bb86bfd9-6d12-4a27-2444-bd6953be7ffd",
"topic":"/SUBSCRIPTIONS/12345678-9012-3456-7890-D12345678901/RESOURCEGROUPS/AZUREIOTHUBEVENTGRIDAZUREFUNCTION/PROVIDERS/MICROSOFT.DEVICES/IOTHUBS/FIELDGATEWAYHUB",
"subject":"devices/LoRa915MHz",
"eventType":"Microsoft.Devices.DeviceTelemetry",
"eventTime":"2020-01-25T04:42:15.345Z",
"data":{"properties":{},"systemProperties":{"iothub-connection-device-id":"LoRa915MHz","iothub-connection-auth-method":"{\"scope\":\"device\",\"type\":\"sas\",\"issuer\":\"iothub\",\"acceptingIpFilterRule\":null}","iothub-connection-auth-generation-id":"637149227434620853","iothub-enqueuedtime":"2020-01-25T04:42:15.345Z","iothub-message-source":"Telemetry"},"body":"eyJQYWNrZXRTTlIiOiIxMC44IiwiUGFja2V0UlNTSSI6LTcxLCJSU1NJIjotMTA4LCJEZXZpY2VBZGRyZXNzQkNEIjoiNEQtNjEtNjQtNzUtNjktNkUtNkYtMzIiLCJhdCI6Ijg2LjkiLCJhaCI6IjQ1Iiwid3NhIjoiMSIsIndzZyI6IjMiLCJ3ZCI6IjI5LjYzIiwiciI6IjAuMDAifQ=="},"dataVersion":"","metadataVersion":"1"
}
...
{
"id":"c5991ed8-42f2-437a-9161-a526248c955f",
"topic":"/SUBSCRIPTIONS/12345678-9012-3456-7890-D12345678901/RESOURCEGROUPS/AZUREIOTHUBEVENTGRIDAZUREFUNCTION/PROVIDERS/MICROSOFT.DEVICES/IOTHUBS/FIELDGATEWAYHUB","subject":"devices/LoRa915MHz",
"eventType":"Microsoft.Devices.DeviceTelemetry",
"eventTime":"2020-01-25T04:44:16.986Z",
"data":{"properties":{},
"systemProperties":{"iothub-connection-device-id":"LoRa915MHz","iothub-connection-auth-method":"{\"scope\":\"device\",\"type\":\"sas\",\"issuer\":\"iothub\",\"acceptingIpFilterRule\":null}",
"iothub-connection-auth-generation-id":"637149227434620853",
"iothub-enqueuedtime":"2020-01-25T04:44:16.986Z",
"iothub-message-source":"Telemetry"},
"body":"eyJQYWNrZXRTTlIiOiIxMC4wIiwiUGFja2V0UlNTSSI6LTcxLCJSU1NJIjotMTEyLCJEZXZpY2VBZGRyZXNzQkNEIjoiNEQtNjEtNjQtNzUtNjktNkUtNkYtMzIiLCJhdCI6Ijg4LjIiLCJhaCI6IjQ0Iiwid3NhIjoiMiIsIndzZyI6IjMiLCJ3ZCI6IjYxLjUwIiwiciI6IjAuMDAifQ=="},
"dataVersion":"",
"metadataVersion":"1"}
}

Device connectivity messages

{
"id":"7861f3c1-5f1d-e9a1-c214-19feea2bf1a3","source":"/SUBSCRIPTIONS/12345678-9012-3456-7890-D12345678901/RESOURCEGROUPS/AZUREIOTHUBEVENTGRIDAZUREFUNCTION/PROVIDERS/MICROSOFT.DEVICES/IOTHUBS/FIELDGATEWAYHUB",
"specversion":"1.0",
"type":"Microsoft.Devices.DeviceConnected",
"dataschema":"#",
"subject":"devices/LoRa915MHz",
"time":"2020-01-25T04:42:06.0123436Z",
"data":{"deviceConnectionStateEventInfo":{"sequenceNumber":"000000000000000001D5CDC11D3AACA90000000700000000000000000000002A"},
"hubName":"FieldGatewayHub",
"deviceId":"LoRa915MHz"}
}

{
"id":"c2090a7b-c827-73cc-d1e8-7d49fe4a03a1",
"source":"/SUBSCRIPTIONS/12345678-9012-3456-7890-D12345678901/RESOURCEGROUPS/AZUREIOTHUBEVENTGRIDAZUREFUNCTION/PROVIDERS/MICROSOFT.DEVICES/IOTHUBS/FIELDGATEWAYHUB",
"specversion":"1.0",
"type":"Microsoft.Devices.DeviceDisconnected",
"dataschema":"#",
"subject":"devices/LoRa915MHz",
"time":"2020-01-25T04:44:48.816748Z",
"data":{"deviceConnectionStateEventInfo":{"sequenceNumber":"000000000000000001D5CDC11D3AACA90000000700000000000000000000002B"},
"hubName":"FieldGatewayHub",
"deviceId":"LoRa915MHz"}
}

The first telemetry data arrived 04:42:15, the DeviceConnected arrived 04:42:06 so they arrived in order and within 10 seconds, the DeviceDisconnected arrived within a 20 seconds of me shutting device down.

Mqtt-Web-Socket-Only

Device Telemetry messages

{
"id":"3afa1a9c-f30d-d051-077e-cd25cc3b2245",
"source":"/SUBSCRIPTIONS/12345678-9012-3456-7890-D12345678901/RESOURCEGROUPS/AZUREIOTHUBEVENTGRIDAZUREFUNCTION/PROVIDERS/MICROSOFT.DEVICES/IOTHUBS/FIELDGATEWAYHUB",
"specversion":"1.0",
"type":"Microsoft.Devices.DeviceTelemetry",
"dataschema":"#",
"subject":"devices/LoRa915MHz",
"time":"2020-01-25T04:36:08.871Z",
"data":{"properties":{},
"systemProperties":{"iothub-connection-device-id":"LoRa915MHz",
"iothub-connection-auth-method":"{\"scope\":\"device\",\"type\":\"sas\",\"issuer\":\"iothub\",\"acceptingIpFilterRule\":null}",
"iothub-connection-auth-generation-id":"637149227434620853",
"iothub-enqueuedtime":"2020-01-25T04:36:08.871Z",
"iothub-message-source":"Telemetry"},
"body":"eyJQYWNrZXRTTlIiOiI5LjUiLCJQYWNrZXRSU1NJIjotNzAsIlJTU0kiOi0xMTIsIkRldmljZUFkZHJlc3NCQ0QiOiI0RC02MS02NC03NS02OS02RS02Ri0zMiIsImF0IjoiODMuOCIsImFoIjoiNDciLCJ3c2EiOiIwIiwid3NnIjoiMSIsIndkIjoiMzQ3LjI1IiwiciI6IjAuMDAifQ=="}
}
...
{
"id":"fa082b67-db32-312d-e716-1b1d37f57d94",
"source":"/SUBSCRIPTIONS/12345678-9012-3456-7890-D12345678901/RESOURCEGROUPS/AZUREIOTHUBEVENTGRIDAZUREFUNCTION/PROVIDERS/MICROSOFT.DEVICES/IOTHUBS/FIELDGATEWAYHUB",
"specversion":"1.0",
"type":"Microsoft.Devices.DeviceTelemetry",
"dataschema":"#",
"subject":"devices/LoRa915MHz",
"time":"2020-01-25T04:37:09.516Z",
"data":{"properties":{},
"systemProperties":{"iothub-connection-device-id":"LoRa915MHz","iothub-connection-auth-method":"{\"scope\":\"device\",\"type\":\"sas\",\"issuer\":\"iothub\",\"acceptingIpFilterRule\":null}",
"iothub-connection-auth-generation-id":"637149227434620853",
"iothub-enqueuedtime":"2020-01-25T04:37:09.516Z",
"iothub-message-source":"Telemetry"},
"body":"eyJQYWNrZXRTTlIiOiI5LjgiLCJQYWNrZXRSU1NJIjotNzEsIlJTU0kiOi0xMTEsIkRldmljZUFkZHJlc3NCQ0QiOiI0RC02MS02NC03NS02OS02RS02Ri0zMiIsImF0IjoiODQuNCIsImFoIjoiNDciLCJ3c2EiOiIxIiwid3NnIjoiMiIsIndkIjoiMzU4LjUwIiwiciI6IjAuMDAifQ=="}
}

Device connectivity messages

{
"id":"245e4d68-06e6-4d76-1167-39a9a67b01ac",
"source":"/SUBSCRIPTIONS/12345678-9012-3456-7890-D12345678901/RESOURCEGROUPS/AZUREIOTHUBEVENTGRIDAZUREFUNCTION/PROVIDERS/MICROSOFT.DEVICES/IOTHUBS/FIELDGATEWAYHUB",
"specversion":"1.0",
"type":"Microsoft.Devices.DeviceConnected",
"dataschema":"#",
"subject":"devices/LoRa915MHz","time":"2020-01-25T04:36:03.8275263Z",
"data":{"deviceConnectionStateEventInfo":{"sequenceNumber":"000000000000000001D5CDC11D3AACA900000007000000000000000000000028"},
"hubName":"FieldGatewayHub",
"deviceId":"LoRa915MHz"}
}

{
"id":"9612e8af-84e0-a679-4c7d-28c5e968da3c",
"source":"/SUBSCRIPTIONS/12345678-9012-3456-7890-D12345678901/RESOURCEGROUPS/AZUREIOTHUBEVENTGRIDAZUREFUNCTION/PROVIDERS/MICROSOFT.DEVICES/IOTHUBS/FIELDGATEWAYHUB",
"specversion":"1.0",
"type":"Microsoft.Devices.DeviceDisconnected",
"dataschema":"#",
"subject":"devices/LoRa915MHz",
"time":"2020-01-25T04:37:47.5794771Z",
"data":{"deviceConnectionStateEventInfo":{"sequenceNumber":"000000000000000001D5CDC11D3AACA900000007000000000000000000000029"},
"hubName":"FieldGatewayHub",
"deviceId":"LoRa915MHz"}
}

The first telemetry data arrived 04:36:08, the DeviceConnected arrived 04:36:03 so they arrived in order and within 10 seconds, the DeviceDisconnected arrived within a 30 seconds of me shutting device down.

Summary

My LoRa sensors nodes are sending data roughly every minute which reduces the precision of the times.

It looks like for AMQP based messaging it can take 4-5 minutes for a Devices.DeviceConnected message to arrive, for based MQTT messaging it’s 5-10 seconds.

ASP MVC Core V2.1 and Cross-Origin Resource Sharing

Posted on June 24, 2018 by devmobilenz

I’m working on an project for a customer which implements a number of application programming Interfaces(API) for a Single Page Application(SPA) and other clients. We are using entity tags (ETags) for versioning and the front end developers found the couldn’t access them from javascipt running in mainstream browser clients (June 2018).

The problems was understanding how Cross-Origin Resource Sharing (CORS) worked and how it interacted with our security model (API key and OAuth2.0 depending on the client)

In our scenario we first found the pre-flight check wasn’t working because in the HyperText Transfer Protocol (HTTP) OPTIONS method our X-API-KEY check was failing

OPTIONS http://xyz.azurewebsites.net/api/portfolio HTTP/1.1
...
Access-Control-Request-Headers: x-api-key
Access-Control-Request-Method: GET
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate
Content-Length: 0
Host: xyz.azurewebsites.net
Connection: Keep-Alive
Pragma: no-cache

HTTP/1.1 400 Bad Request
Transfer-Encoding: chunked
Server: Kestrel
X-Powered-By: ASP.NET
...
Date: Sun, 24 Jun 2018 05:48:30 GMT

13
API Key is invalid.
0

So I disabled X-API-KEY validation in startup.cs

public async Task Invoke(HttpContext context)
{
   if (context.Request.Method == "OPTIONS")
   {
      await this.next.Invoke(context);
      return;
   }

   var claims = new List();
…

OPTIONS then worked

OPTIONS http://xyz.azurewebsites.net/api/portfolio HTTP/1.1
...
Access-Control-Request-Headers: x-api-key
Access-Control-Request-Method: GET
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate
Content-Length: 0
Host: xyz.azurewebsites.net
Connection: Keep-Alive
Pragma: no-cache

HTTP/1.1 404 Not Found
Server: Kestrel
X-Powered-By: ASP.NET
...
Date: Sun, 24 Jun 2018 05:52:20 GMT
Content-Length: 0

I then turned on CORS allowing pretty much anything

public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
{
   services.AddCors(options =>
   {
      options.AddPolicy("CorsPolicy",
      builder => builder.AllowAnyOrigin()
         .AllowAnyMethod()
         .AllowAnyHeader()
         .AllowCredentials());
   });
   services.AddMvc();
}

public void Configure(IApplicationBuilder app, IHostingEnvironment env, ILoggerFactory loggerFactory)
{
   if (env.IsDevelopment())
   {
      app.UseDeveloperExceptionPage();
   }

   TelemetryConfiguration.Active.InstrumentationKey = this.configuration.GetSection("ApplicationInsights").GetSection("InstrumentationKey").Value;

   loggerFactory.AddLog4Net();
   this.log.Info("Startup.Configure called");

   app.ApplyUserKeyValidation();
   app.UseCors("CorsPolicy");
   app.UseMvc();
   }
}

OPTIONS then worked

OPTIONS http://xyz.azurewebsites.net/api/portfolio HTTP/1.1
...
Access-Control-Request-Headers: x-api-key
Access-Control-Request-Method: GET
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate
Content-Length: 0
Host: xyz.azurewebsites.net
Connection: Keep-Alive
Pragma: no-cache

HTTP/1.1 204 No Content
Vary: Origin
Server: Kestrel
Access-Control-Allow-Credentials: true
Access-Control-Allow-Headers: x-api-key
Access-Control-Allow-Origin: file://
X-Powered-By: ASP.NET
...
Date: Sun, 24 Jun 2018 05:57:33 GMT

GET then worked

GET http://xyz.azurewebsites.net/api/portfolio HTTP/1.1
...
X-API-KEY: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ
Accept-Language: en-NZ
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate
If-None-Match: 00-00-00-00-00-00-00-76
Host: xyz.azurewebsites.net
Connection: Keep-Alive

HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Content-Type: application/json; charset=utf-8
ETag: 00-00-00-00-00-00-00-76
Vary: Origin,Accept-Encoding
Server: Kestrel
Access-Control-Allow-Credentials: true
Access-Control-Allow-Origin: file://
X-Powered-By: ASP.NET
...
Date: Sun, 24 Jun 2018 05:57:34 GMT
Content-Length: 2216

[{"...."}}

But HEAD didn’t work

HEAD http://xyz.azurewebsites.net/api/portfolio HTTP/1.1
...
X-API-KEY: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ
Accept-Language: en-NZ
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate
If-None-Match: 00-00-00-00-00-00-00-76
Host: xyz.azurewebsites.net
Connection: Keep-Alive

HTTP/1.1 400 Bad Request
Content-Length: 0
Vary: Origin
Server: Kestrel
Access-Control-Allow-Credentials: true
Access-Control-Allow-Origin: file://
X-Powered-By: ASP.NET
...
Date: Sun, 24 Jun 2018 05:59:55 GMT

From the Application Insights logging and RestTest client (which I ran locally and remotely) I could see that the client side code couldn’t access the value of our eTag. It had to be “exposed”

public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
{
   services.AddCors(options =>
   {
      options.AddPolicy("CorsPolicy",
            builder => builder.AllowAnyOrigin()
            .AllowAnyMethod()
            .AllowAnyHeader()
            .WithExposedHeaders("etag")
            .AllowCredentials()
         );
      });
      services.AddMvc();
   }
...

GET then worked

GET http://xyz.azurewebsites.net/api/portfolio HTTP/1.1
...
X-API-KEY: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ
ETag: 00-00-00-00-00-00-00-76
Accept-Language: en-NZ
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate
If-None-Match: 00-00-00-00-00-00-00-76
Host: xyz.azurewebsites.net
Connection: Keep-Alive

HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Transfer-Encoding: chunked
Content-Type: application/json; charset=utf-8
Content-Encoding: gzip
ETag: 00-00-00-00-00-00-00-76
Vary: Origin,Accept-Encoding
Server: Kestrel
Access-Control-Allow-Credentials: true
Access-Control-Allow-Origin: file://
X-Powered-By: ASP.NET
...
Date: Sun, 24 Jun 2018 07:53:41 GMT

[{"...."}}

HEAD then worked

OPTIONS http://xyz.azurewebsites.net/api/portfolio HTTP/1.1
...
Access-Control-Request-Headers: x-api-key,etag
Access-Control-Request-Method: HEAD
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate
Content-Length: 0
Host: xyz.azurewebsites.net
Connection: Keep-Alive
Pragma: no-cache

HTTP/1.1 204 No Content
Vary: Origin
Server: Kestrel
Access-Control-Allow-Credentials: true
Access-Control-Allow-Headers: x-api-key,etag
Access-Control-Allow-Origin: file://
X-Powered-By: ASP.NET
...
Date: Sun, 24 Jun 2018 07:57:31 GMT

HEAD http://xyz.azurewebsites.net/api/portfolio HTTP/1.1
...
X-API-KEY: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ
ETag: 00-00-00-00-00-00-00-76
Accept-Language: en-NZ
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate
Host: xyz.azurewebsites.net
Connection: Keep-Alive
Pragma: no-cache

HTTP/1.1 304 Not Modified
Vary: Origin
Server: Kestrel
Access-Control-Allow-Credentials: true
Access-Control-Allow-Origin: file://
X-Powered-By: ASP.NET
...
Date: Sun, 24 Jun 2018 07:57:31 GMT

I had some oddness with releasing code updates which I think was down to caching of pre-flight request responses.
Next steps tidy up the headers etc. and lock the CORS configuration down to expose the minimum necessary required for the application to work.

AdaFruit IO basic Netduino HTTP client

Posted on January 3, 2018 by devmobilenz

I use Netduino devices for teaching and my students often build projects which need a cloud based service like AdaFruit.IO to capture, store and display their sensor data.

My Proof of Concept (PoC) which uses a slightly modified version of the AdaFruit.IO basic desktop HTTP client code has been running on several Netduino 2 Plus, Netduino 3 Ethernet and Netduino 3 Wifi devices for the last couple of days and looks pretty robust.

The Netduino 3 Wifi device also supports https for improved security and privacy. They also make great field gateways as they can run off solar/battery power.

N2PN3WDashBoard

The devices have been uploading temperature and humidity measurements from a Silicon labs Si7005 sensor. (Outside sensor suffering from sunstrike)

N3WifiTemperatureAndHumiditySensor

program.cs

*

Copyright ® 2017 December devMobile Software, All Rights Reserved

THIS CODE AND INFORMATION IS PROVIDED "AS IS" WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY
KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE
IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND/OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
PURPOSE.

http://www.devmobile.co.nz

*/
using System;
using System.Net;
using System.Threading;
using Microsoft.SPOT;
using Microsoft.SPOT.Hardware;
using Microsoft.SPOT.Net.NetworkInformation;
using SecretLabs.NETMF.Hardware.Netduino;
using devMobile.NetMF.Sensor;
using devMobile.IoT.NetMF;

namespace devMobile.IoT.AdaFruitIO.NetMF.Client
{
   public class Program
   {
      private const string adaFruitIOApiBaseUrl = @"https://IO.adafruit.com/api/v2/";
      private const string group = "netduino3";
      private const string temperatureFeedKey = "t";
      private const string humidityFeedKey = "h";
      private const string adaFruitUserName = "YourUserName";
      private const string adaFruitIOApiKey = "YourAPIKey";
      private static readonly TimeSpan timerDueAfter = new TimeSpan(0, 0, 15);
      private static readonly TimeSpan timerPeriod = new TimeSpan(0, 0, 30);
      private static OutputPort led = new OutputPort(Pins.ONBOARD_LED, false);
      private static SiliconLabsSI7005 sensor = new SiliconLabsSI7005();
      private static AdaFruitIoClient adaFruitIoClient = new AdaFruitIoClient(adaFruitUserName, adaFruitIOApiKey, adaFruitIOApiBaseUrl);

      public static void Main()
      {
         // Wait for Network address if DHCP
         NetworkInterface networkInterface = NetworkInterface.GetAllNetworkInterfaces()[0];
         if (networkInterface.IsDhcpEnabled)
         {
            Debug.Print(" Waiting for DHCP IP address");

            while (NetworkInterface.GetAllNetworkInterfaces()[0].IPAddress == IPAddress.Any.ToString())
            {
               Debug.Print(" .");
               led.Write(!led.Read());
               Thread.Sleep(250);
            }
            led.Write(false);
         }

         // Display network config for debugging
         Debug.Print("Network configuration");
         Debug.Print(" Network interface type : " + networkInterface.NetworkInterfaceType.ToString());
         Debug.Print(" MAC Address : " + BytesToHexString(networkInterface.PhysicalAddress));
         Debug.Print(" DHCP enabled : " + networkInterface.IsDhcpEnabled.ToString());
         Debug.Print(" Dynamic DNS enabled : " + networkInterface.IsDynamicDnsEnabled.ToString());
         Debug.Print(" IP Address : " + networkInterface.IPAddress.ToString());
         Debug.Print(" Subnet Mask : " + networkInterface.SubnetMask.ToString());
         Debug.Print(" Gateway : " + networkInterface.GatewayAddress.ToString());

         foreach (string dnsAddress in networkInterface.DnsAddresses)
         {
            Debug.Print(" DNS Server : " + dnsAddress.ToString());
         }

         Timer humidityAndtemperatureUpdates = new Timer(HumidityAndTemperatureTimerProc, null, timerDueAfter, timerPeriod);

         Thread.Sleep(Timeout.Infinite);
      }

      static private void HumidityAndTemperatureTimerProc(object state)
      {
         led.Write(true);

         try
         {
            double humidity = sensor.Humidity();

            Debug.Print(" Humidity " + humidity.ToString("F0") + "%");
            adaFruitIoClient.FeedUpdate(group, humidityFeedKey, humidity.ToString("F0"));
         }
         catch (Exception ex)
         {
            Debug.Print("Humidifty read+update failed " + ex.Message);

            return;
         }

         try
         {
            double temperature = sensor.Temperature();

            Debug.Print(" Temperature " + temperature.ToString("F1") + "°C");
            adaFruitIoClient.FeedUpdate(group, temperatureFeedKey, temperature.ToString("F1"));
         }
         catch (Exception ex)
         {
            Debug.Print("Temperature read+update failed " + ex.Message);

            return;
         }

         led.Write(false);
      }

      private static string BytesToHexString(byte[] bytes)
      {
         string hexString = string.Empty;

         // Create a character array for hexidecimal conversion.
         const string hexChars = "0123456789ABCDEF";

         // Loop through the bytes.
         for (byte b = 0; b < bytes.Length; b++)          {             if (b > 0)
               hexString += "-";

            // Grab the top 4 bits and append the hex equivalent to the return string.
            hexString += hexChars[bytes[b] >> 4];

            // Mask off the upper 4 bits to get the rest of it.
            hexString += hexChars[bytes[b] & 0x0F];
         }

         return hexString;
      }
   }
}

AdaFruit.IO client.cs, handles feed groups and individual feeds

/*

Copyright ® 2017 December devMobile Software, All Rights Reserved

THIS CODE AND INFORMATION IS PROVIDED "AS IS" WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY
KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE
IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND/OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
PURPOSE.

http://www.devmobile.co.nz

*/
using System;
using System.IO;
using System.Net;
using System.Text;
using Microsoft.SPOT;

namespace devMobile.IoT.NetMF
{
   public class AdaFruitIoClient
   {
      private const string apiBaseUrlDefault = @"http://IO.adafruit.com/api/v2/";
      private string apiBaseUrl = "";
      private string userName = "";
      private string apiKey = "";
      private int httpRequestTimeoutmSec;
      private int httpRequestReadWriteTimeoutmSec;

      public AdaFruitIoClient(string userName, string apiKey, string apiBaseUrl = apiBaseUrlDefault, int httpRequestTimeoutmSec = 2500, int httpRequestReadWriteTimeoutmSec = 5000)
      {
         this.apiBaseUrl = apiBaseUrl;
         this.userName = userName;
         this.apiKey = apiKey;
         this.httpRequestReadWriteTimeoutmSec = httpRequestReadWriteTimeoutmSec;
         this.httpRequestTimeoutmSec = httpRequestTimeoutmSec;
      }

      public void FeedUpdate(string group, string feedKey, string value)
      {
         string feedUrl;

         if (group.Trim() == string.Empty)
         {
            feedUrl = apiBaseUrl + userName + @"/feeds/" + feedKey + @"/data";
         }
         else
         {
            feedUrl = apiBaseUrl + userName + @"/feeds/" + group.Trim() + "." + feedKey + @"/data";
         }

         HttpWebRequest request = (HttpWebRequest)WebRequest.Create(feedUrl);
         {
            string payload = @"{""value"": """ + value + @"""}";
            byte[] buffer = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(payload);

            DateTime httpRequestedStartedAtUtc = DateTime.UtcNow;

            request.Method = "POST";
            request.ContentLength = buffer.Length;
            request.ContentType = @"application/json";
            request.Headers.Add("X-AIO-Key", apiKey);
            request.KeepAlive = false;
            request.Timeout = this.httpRequestTimeoutmSec;
            request.ReadWriteTimeout = this.httpRequestReadWriteTimeoutmSec;

            using (Stream stream = request.GetRequestStream())
            {
               stream.Write(buffer, 0, buffer.Length);
            }

            using (var response = (HttpWebResponse)request.GetResponse())
            {
               Debug.Print(" Status: " + response.StatusCode + " : " + response.StatusDescription);
            }

            TimeSpan duration = DateTime.UtcNow - httpRequestedStartedAtUtc;
            Debug.Print(" Duration: " + duration.ToString());
         }
      }
   }
}

Bill of materials for PoC

Mikrobus.Net Quail, EthClick and xively

Posted on January 20, 2016 by devmobilenz

My second proof of concept application for the Mikrobus.Net Quail and EthClick uploads temperature and humidity data to Xively every 30 seconds for display and analysis.

Temperature and humidity Xively data stream

The Xively REST API uses an HTTP PUT which initially didn’t work because the payload was not getting attached.

I patched the AssembleRequest method in the EtherClick driver to fix this issue.

private byte[] AssembleRequest()
{
   var a = RequestType;
   a += " " + Path + " " + Protocol + "\r\nHost: ";
   a += Host + "\r\n";

   foreach (object aHeader in Headers.Keys)
      a += (string)aHeader + ": " + (string)Headers[aHeader] + "\r\n";

   a += "\r\n"; // Cache-Control: no-cache\r\n  //Accept-Charset: utf-8;\r\n

   if (Content != null && Content != string.Empty && (RequestType == "POST" || RequestType == "PUT")) a += Content;

   return Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(a);
}

The code reads the WeatherClick temperature and humidity values then assembles a CSV payload which it uploads with an HTTP PUT

</pre>
public class Program
{
   private const string xivelyHost = @"api.xively.com";
   private const string xivelyApiKey = @"YourAPIKey";
   private const string xivelyFeedId = @"YourFeedID";

   public static void Main()
   {
      WeatherClick weatherClick = new WeatherClick(Hardware.SocketOne, WeatherClick.I2CAddresses.Address0);
      weatherClick.SetRecommendedMode(WeatherClick.RecommendedModes.WeatherMonitoring);

      EthClick ethClick = new EthClick(Hardware.SocketTwo);
      ethClick.Start(ethClick.GenerateUniqueMacAddress("devMobileSoftware"), "QuailDevice");

      // Wait for an internet connection
      while (true)
      {
         if (ethClick.ConnectedToInternet)
         {
            Debug.Print("Connected to Internet");
            break;
         }
         Debug.Print("Waiting on Internet connection");
      }

      while (true)
      {
         Debug.Print("T " + weatherClick.ReadTemperature().ToString("F1") + " H " + weatherClick.ReadHumidity().ToString("F1") + " P " + weatherClick.ReadPressure(PressureCompensationModes.Uncompensated).ToString("F1"));

         HttpRequest request = new HttpRequest(@"http://" + xivelyHost + @"/v2/feeds/" + xivelyFeedId + @".csv");
         request.Host = xivelyHost;
         request.RequestType = "PUT";
         request.Headers.Add("Content-Type", "text/csv");
         request.Headers.Add("X-ApiKey", xivelyApiKey );

         request.Content = "OfficeT," + weatherClick.ReadTemperature().ToString("F1") + "\r\n" + "OfficeH," + weatherClick.ReadHumidity().ToString("F1") ;
         request.Headers.Add("Content-Length", request.Content.Length.ToString());

         var response = request.Send();
         if (response != null)
         {
            Debug.Print("Response: " + response.Message);
         }
         else
         {
            Debug.Print("No response");
         }
      Thread.Sleep(30000);
      }
   }
}

MikrobustNet Quail with Eth and Weather Clicks

This proof of concept code appears to be reliable and has run for days at a time. The IP stack looks like it needs a bit more work.

Mikrobus.Net Quail and EthClick

Posted on January 17, 2016 by devmobilenz

In my second batch of MikroElektronika Mikrobus clicks I had purchased an EthClick to explore the robustness and reliability of the Mikrobus.Net IP Stack.

My first trial application uses the Internet Chuck Norris database (ICNBD) to look up useful “facts” about the movie star.

public static void Main()
{
   EthClick ethClick = new EthClick(Hardware.SocketTwo);

   ethClick.Start(ethClick.GenerateUniqueMacAddress("devMobileSoftware"), "QuailDevice");

   while (true)
   {
      if (ethClick.ConnectedToInternet)
      {
         Debug.Print("Connected to Internet");
         break;
      }
   Debug.Print("Waiting on Internet connection");
   }

   while (true)
   {
      var r = new HttpRequest(@&amp;quot;http://api.icndb.com/jokes/random&amp;quot;);

      r.Headers.Add("Accept", "*/*");

      var response = r.Send();
      if (response != null)
      {
         if (response.Status == "HTTP/1.1 200 OK")
         {
            Debug.Print(response.Message);
         }

      }
      else
      {
         Debug.Print("No response");
      }
      Thread.Sleep(10000);
   }
}

The ran first time and returned the following text

7c
{ "type": "success, "value": { "id": 496, "joke": "Chuck Norris went out of an infinite loop.", "categories": ["nerdy"]}}
0

85
{ "type": "success", "value": { "id": 518, "joke": "Chuck Norris doesn't cheat death. He wins fair and square.", "categories": []}}
0

It looks like the HTTP response parsing is not quite right as each message starts with the length of the message in bytes in hex and the terminating “0”.

Xively GPS Location data upload V2

Posted on January 7, 2014 by devmobilenz

In the previous post I assembled the xively request XML using a StringBuilder rather than using the XML support available in the NetMF. To use the NetMF XML library I needed to add a reference to the DPWS extensions (MFDpwsExtensions) and change the using statement at the top of the module from System.Text to System.Ext.Xml
static void xivelyFeedUpdate(string ApiKey, string feedId, string channel, double latitude, double longitude, double altitude) { byte[] buffer;
using (XmlMemoryWriter xmlwriter = XmlMemoryWriter.Create()) { xmlwriter.WriteProcessingInstruction("xml", "version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"utf-8\""); xmlwriter.WriteStartElement("eeml"); xmlwriter.WriteStartElement("environment"); xmlwriter.WriteStartElement("location");
xmlwriter.WriteStartAttribute("domain"); xmlwriter.WriteString("physical"); xmlwriter.WriteEndAttribute();

xmlwriter.WriteStartAttribute("exposure"); xmlwriter.WriteString("outdoor"); xmlwriter.WriteEndAttribute();
xmlwriter.WriteStartAttribute("disposition"); xmlwriter.WriteString("mobile"); xmlwriter.WriteEndAttribute();
xmlwriter.WriteStartElement("name"); xmlwriter.WriteString("Location"); xmlwriter.WriteEndElement();
xmlwriter.WriteStartElement("lat"); xmlwriter.WriteString(latitude.ToString("F5")); xmlwriter.WriteEndElement();
xmlwriter.WriteStartElement("lon"); xmlwriter.WriteString(longitude.ToString("F5")); xmlwriter.WriteEndElement();
xmlwriter.WriteStartElement("ele"); xmlwriter.WriteString(altitude.ToString("F1")); xmlwriter.WriteEndElement();
xmlwriter.WriteEndElement(); xmlwriter.WriteEndElement(); xmlwriter.WriteEndElement();
buffer = xmlwriter.ToArray(); }
try {using (HttpWebRequest request = (HttpWebRequest)WebRequest.Create(xivelyApiBaseUrl + feedId + ".xml")) { request.Method = "PUT"; request.ContentLength = buffer.Length; request.ContentType = "text/xml"; request.Headers.Add("X-ApiKey", xivelyApiKey); request.KeepAlive = false; request.Timeout = 5000; request.ReadWriteTimeout = 5000;
// request body using (Stream stream = request.GetRequestStream()) { stream.Write(buffer, 0, buffer.Length); } using (var response = (HttpWebResponse)request.GetResponse()) { Debug.Print("HTTP Status:" + response.StatusCode + " : " + response.StatusDescription); } } } catch (Exception ex) { Debug.Print(ex.Message); } }

I was expecting the XML libraries to be quite chunky, but on my Netduino Plus 2 there wasn’t a huge size difference, the StringBuilder download was 49K8 bytes and the XMLWiter download was 56K1 bytes.

When I ran the StringBuilder and XMLWriter versions they both had roughly 92K6 bytes of free memory.

Realistically there was little to separate the two implementations

Xively GPS Location data upload V1

Posted on January 3, 2014 by devmobilenz

For one of the code club projects we looked at the National Marine Electronics Association (NMEA) 0183 output of my iteadStudio GPS Shield + Active Antenna. We used the NetMF Toolbox NMEA GPS processing code with a couple of modifications detailed here.

IteadStudio GPS shield and Antenna

For another project we had used Xively a “Public Cloud for the Internet of Things”. The Xively API has support for storing the position of a “thing” and it didn’t look like it would take much effort to extend the original GPS demo to trial this. The xively Location & waypoints API is RESTful and supports JSON & XML

void xivelyFeedUpdate(string ApiKey, string feedId, string channel, double latitude, double longitude, double altitude) { try { using (HttpWebRequest request = (HttpWebRequest)WebRequest.Create(xivelyApiBaseUrl + feedId + ".xml")) { StringBuilder payload = new StringBuilder();payload.Append(@"<?xml version=""1.0"" encoding=""UTF-8""?><eeml><environment><location domain=""physical"" exposure=""outdoor"" disposition=""mobile""><name>Location</name><lat>");
payload.Append(latitude.ToString("F5")); payload.Append("</lat><lon>"); payload.Append(longitude.ToString("F5")); payload.Append("</lon><ele>"); payload.Append(altitude.ToString("F1")); payload.Append("</ele></location></environment></eeml>");

byte[] buffer = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(payload.ToString());
request.Method = "PUT"; request.ContentLength = buffer.Length; request.ContentType = "text/xml"; request.Headers.Add("X-ApiKey", xivelyApiKey); request.KeepAlive = false; request.Timeout = 5000; request.ReadWriteTimeout = 5000;

// request body using (Stream stream = request.GetRequestStream()) { stream.Write(buffer, 0, buffer.Length); }using (var response = (HttpWebResponse)request.GetResponse()) { Debug.Print("HTTP Status:" + response.StatusCode + " : " + response.StatusDescription); } } } catch (Exception ex) { Debug.Print(ex.Message); } }

The position of the “thing” is displayed like this

The position of my car

The XML was constructed using a stringbuilder (NetMF 4.2) as this appeared easier/smaller than using the baked in XML functionality.

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Xively GPS Location data upload V2

Xively GPS Location data upload V1