public static class UplinkMessageProcessor
{
   static readonly ConcurrentDictionary<string, DeviceClient> DeviceClients = new ConcurrentDictionary<string, DeviceClient>();

   [FunctionName("UplinkMessageProcessor")]
   public static async Task Run(
      [QueueTrigger("%UplinkQueueName%", Connection = "AzureStorageConnectionString")]
      CloudQueueMessage cloudQueueMessage, // Used to get CloudQueueMessage.Id for logging
      Microsoft.Azure.WebJobs.ExecutionContext context,
      ILogger log)
   {
      PayloadV5 payloadObect;
      DeviceClient deviceClient = null;
      DeviceProvisioningServiceSettings deviceProvisioningServiceConfig;

      string environmentName = Environment.GetEnvironmentVariable("ENVIRONMENT");

      // Load configuration for DPS. Refactor approach and store securely...
      var configuration = new ConfigurationBuilder()
      .SetBasePath(context.FunctionAppDirectory)
      .AddJsonFile($"appsettings.json")
      .AddJsonFile($"appsettings.{environmentName}.json")
      .AddEnvironmentVariables()
      .Build();

      // Load configuration for DPS. Refactor approach and store securely...
      try
      {
         deviceProvisioningServiceConfig = (DeviceProvisioningServiceSettings)configuration.GetSection("DeviceProvisioningService").Get<DeviceProvisioningServiceSettings>(); ;
      }
      catch (Exception ex)
      {
         log.LogError(ex, $"Configuration loading failed");
         throw;
      }

      // Deserialise uplink message from Azure storage queue
      try
      {
         payloadObect = JsonConvert.DeserializeObject<PayloadV5>(cloudQueueMessage.AsString);
      }
      catch (Exception ex)
      {
         log.LogError(ex, $"MessageID:{cloudQueueMessage.Id} uplink message deserialisation failed");
         throw;
      }

      // Extract the device ID as it's used lots of places
      string registrationID = payloadObect.hardware_serial;

      // Construct the prefix used in all the logging
      string messagePrefix = $"MessageID: {cloudQueueMessage.Id} DeviceID:{registrationID} Counter:{payloadObect.counter} Application ID:{payloadObect.app_id}";
      log.LogInformation($"{messagePrefix} Uplink message device processing start");

      // See if the device has already been provisioned
      if (DeviceClients.TryAdd(registrationID, deviceClient))
      {
         log.LogInformation($"{messagePrefix} Device provisioning start");

         string enrollmentGroupSymmetricKey = deviceProvisioningServiceConfig.EnrollmentGroupSymmetricKeyDefault;

         // figure out if custom mapping for TTN applicationID
         if (deviceProvisioningServiceConfig.ApplicationEnrollmentGroupMapping != null)
        {
            deviceProvisioningServiceConfig.ApplicationEnrollmentGroupMapping.GetValueOrDefault(payloadObect.app_id, deviceProvisioningServiceConfig.EnrollmentGroupSymmetricKeyDefault);
         }

         // Do DPS magic first time device seen
         await DeviceRegistration(log, messagePrefix, deviceProvisioningServiceConfig.GlobalDeviceEndpoint, deviceProvisioningServiceConfig.ScopeID, enrollmentGroupSymmetricKey, registrationID);
      }

      // Wait for the Device Provisioning Service to complete on this or other thread
      log.LogInformation($"{messagePrefix} Device provisioning polling start");
      if (!DeviceClients.TryGetValue(registrationID, out deviceClient))
      {
         log.LogError($"{messagePrefix} Device provisioning polling TryGet before while failed");

         throw new ApplicationException($"{messagePrefix} Device provisioning polling TryGet before while failed");
      }

      while (deviceClient == null)
      {
         log.LogInformation($"{messagePrefix} provisioning polling delay");
         await Task.Delay(deviceProvisioningServiceConfig.DeviceProvisioningPollingDelay);

         if (!DeviceClients.TryGetValue(registrationID, out deviceClient))
         {
            log.LogError($"{messagePrefix} Device provisioning polling TryGet while loop failed");

            throw new ApplicationException($"{messagePrefix} Device provisioning polling TryGet while loopfailed");
         }
      }

      // Assemble the JSON payload to send to Azure IoT Hub/Central.
      log.LogInformation($"{messagePrefix} Payload assembly start");
      JObject telemetryEvent = new JObject();
      try
      {
         JObject payloadFields = (JObject)payloadObect.payload_fields;
         telemetryEvent.Add("HardwareSerial", payloadObect.hardware_serial);
         telemetryEvent.Add("Retry", payloadObect.is_retry);
         telemetryEvent.Add("Counter", payloadObect.counter);
         telemetryEvent.Add("DeviceID", payloadObect.dev_id);
         telemetryEvent.Add("ApplicationID", payloadObect.app_id);
         telemetryEvent.Add("Port", payloadObect.port);
         telemetryEvent.Add("PayloadRaw", payloadObect.payload_raw);
         telemetryEvent.Add("ReceivedAt", payloadObect.metadata.time);

         // If the payload has been unpacked in TTN backend add fields to telemetry event payload
         if (payloadFields != null)
         {
            foreach (JProperty child in payloadFields.Children())
            {
               EnumerateChildren(telemetryEvent, child);
            }
         }
      }
      catch (Exception ex)
      {
         if (DeviceClients.TryRemove(registrationID, out deviceClient))
         {
            log.LogWarning($"{messagePrefix} TryRemove payload assembly failed");
         }

         log.LogError(ex, $"{messagePrefix} Payload assembly failed");
         throw;
      }

      // Send the message to Azure IoT Hub/Azure IoT Central
      log.LogInformation($"{messagePrefix} Payload SendEventAsync start");
      try
      {
         using (Message ioTHubmessage = new Message(Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes(JsonConvert.SerializeObject(telemetryEvent))))
         {
            // Ensure the displayed time is the acquired time rather than the uploaded time. esp. importan for messages that end up in poison queue
            ioTHubmessage.Properties.Add("iothub-creation-time-utc", payloadObect.metadata.time.ToString("s", CultureInfo.InvariantCulture));
            await deviceClient.SendEventAsync(ioTHubmessage);
         }
      }
      catch (Exception ex)
      {
         if (DeviceClients.TryRemove(registrationID, out deviceClient))
         {
            log.LogWarning($"{messagePrefix} TryRemove SendEventAsync failed");
         }

         log.LogError(ex, $"{messagePrefix} SendEventAsync failed");
         throw;
      }

   log.LogInformation($"{messagePrefix} Uplink message device processing completed");
   }
}

"DeviceProvisioningService": {
      "GlobalDeviceEndpoint": "global.azure-devices-provisioning.net",
      "ScopeID": "",
      "EnrollmentGroupSymmetricKeyDefault": "TopSecretKey",
      "DeviceProvisioningPollingDelay": 500,
      "ApplicationEnrollmentGroupMapping": {
         "Application1": "TopSecretKey1",
         "Application2": "TopSecretKey2"
      }
   }