.NET nanoFramework RAK2305 – RAK4200 Library AS923 Issue

This post was going to be about how to the use my RAK4200LoRaWAN-NetNF library with a RAK3205 WisBlock Wifi Interface Module and RAK4200 Evaluation Board but there was a problem…

RAK2305 RAK4200 Evaluation Board based test rig

When I ran the RAK4200LoRaWANDeviceClient the first couple of join attempts failed which was odd as my sparkfun ESP32 thing plus with RAK4200 Breakout Board setup was very reliable.

Visual Studio Debug output for RAK4200LoRaWANDeviceClient Join failure
The Things Network RAK4200LoRaWANDeviceClient application Join failure

When I looked at The Things Network “Live data” tab the RAK4200 Module on the RAK4200 Evaluation Board wasn’t using the LoRaWAN AS923 Join-Request channels 923.20 & 923.40 MHz.

AS923 Join Channels

The RAK4200 Module on the appeared to be cycling through all the AS923 channels and every so often would use one the join request channels.

Visual Studio Debug output for RAK4200LoRaWANDeviceClient successful Join and Send
The Things Network RAK4200LoRaWANDeviceClient successful Join and Send

The RAK4200 Breakout Board module is running a later firmware version (V3.2.0.16) than the RAK4200 Evaluation Board module (V3.2.0.15) which is most probably the problem.

Visual Studio Debug output for RAK4200 Evaluation Board Version Request
Visual Studio Debug output for RAK4200 Breakout Board Version Request

The RAK811 module (which has been retired) also had similar issues with AS923.

RAK811/RAK4200 AS923 Join Channels

When running an application which used my TinyCLR V2 RAK811 Module library on a FezDuino with a modified RAK811 LPWAN Evaluation Board(EVB) most join attempts on my Things Industries(TTI) instance would fail. This was a bit odd as connecting to The Things Network(TTN) was pretty reliable.

The thread '<No Name>' (0x2) has exited with code 0 (0x0).
devMobile.IoT.Rak811LoRaWanDeviceClient starting
12:00:12 Region AS923
12:00:12 ADR On
12:00:12 Unconfirmed
12:00:12 OTAA
12:00:13 Join start Timeout:30Sec
Join failed 26
The thread '<No Name>' (0x1) has exited with code 0 (0x0).
Done.

In TTI end device live data tab I could see the the joins attempts were failing with “Uplink channel Not found”

The Things Industries device live data tab “uplink channel not found” failures
The Things Industries device live data tab “uplink channel not found” detail

Initially I assumed this was an issue with my configuration of the RAKwireless RAK7258 gateway in my office that I was using for testing. After some discussions with a helpful TTI support person they suggested that I try disabling all bar the first two channels the RAK811 module was configured to use then see if worked.

I modified the intialise method of my TinyCLR V2 RAK811 Module library to disable all bar the first two channels

result = SendCommand("OK", "at+set_config=lora:ch_mask:2:0", CommandTimeoutDefault);
if (result != Result.Success)
{
#if DIAGNOSTICS
   Debug.WriteLine($" {DateTime.UtcNow:hh:mm:ss} at+set_config=lora:ch_mask:2:0 {result}");
#endif
   return result;
}

result = SendCommand("OK", "at+set_config=lora:ch_mask:3:0", CommandTimeoutDefault);
if (result != Result.Success)
{
#if DIAGNOSTICS
   Debug.WriteLine($" {DateTime.UtcNow:hh:mm:ss} at+set_config=lora:ch_mask:3:0 {result}");
#endif
   return result;
}

result = SendCommand("OK", "at+set_config=lora:ch_mask:4:0", CommandTimeoutDefault);
if (result != Result.Success)
{
#if DIAGNOSTICS
   Debug.WriteLine($" {DateTime.UtcNow:hh:mm:ss} at+set_config=lora:ch_mask:4:0 {result}");
#endif
   return result;
}

result = SendCommand("OK", "at+set_config=lora:ch_mask:5:0", CommandTimeoutDefault);
if (result != Result.Success)
{
#if DIAGNOSTICS
    Debug.WriteLine($" {DateTime.UtcNow:hh:mm:ss} at+set_config=lora:ch_mask:5:0 {result}");
#endif
   return result;
}

result = SendCommand("OK", "at+set_config=lora:ch_mask:6:0", CommandTimeoutDefault);
if (result != Result.Success)
{
#if DIAGNOSTICS
   Debug.WriteLine($" {DateTime.UtcNow:hh:mm:ss} at+set_config=lora:ch_mask:6:0 {result}");
#endif
   return result;
}

result = SendCommand("OK", "at+set_config=lora:ch_mask:7:0", CommandTimeoutDefault);
if (result != Result.Success)
{
#if DIAGNOSTICS
   Debug.WriteLine($" {DateTime.UtcNow:hh:mm:ss} at+set_config=lora:ch_mask:7:0 {result}");
#endif
   return result;
}

After modifying the code my Fezduino joined reliably.

The thread ” (0x2) has exited with code 0 (0x0).
devMobile.IoT.Rak811LoRaWanDeviceClient starting
12:00:12 Region AS923
12:00:12 ADR On
12:00:12 Unconfirmed
12:00:12 OTAA
12:00:13 Join start Timeout:30Sec
12:00:18 Join finish
Temperature : 19.9 °C
Pressure : 1014.0 HPa
Altitude : 143 meters
12:00:19 port:5 payload BCD:0073279C016700C8
12:00:44 Sleep
12:01:44 Wakeup
Temperature : 20.1 °C
Pressure : 1014.0 HPa
Altitude : 143 meters
12:01:44 port:5 payload BCD:0073279C016700C9
12:02:09 Sleep

The Things Industries device live data tab successful join.

After some further discussion with TTI support it looks like the RAK811 module doesn’t send join requests on the frequencies specified for the AS923 region in the LoRaWAN™1.1Regional Parameters.

LoRaWAN Regional Parameters AS923 Join-request frequencies

After confirming the join-request channel issue I went back to the RAKwireless forums with some new terms to search for and found that others were having a similar issue but with RAK4200 modules. My “best guess” is that the TTI implementation is more strict about join-request frequencies than the TTN